UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

AY 2016-2017

Lesson 5.2: Theoretical Framework

The use of Axial Coding to identify causal relationship among key terms and open codes requires its links to be defined. Defining
these links requires that keywords and open codes be treated as variables.

Types of Variables

Independent / Explanatory Variables – These represents inputs, causes or any other information that establishes link between events
and objects under study.

Dependent / Response Variable – These represents the output or outcome whose variation are being studied.

Example:

Marketing has been a major factor in the increase in sales of any type of commodity (Perez, 2009). It is a system in which
transaction are managed and optimize to benefit both consumers and producers. Market performance is measured though sales.
To maximize sales, given there is high demand, an entrepreneur must invest in Manufacturing Facilities to increase production
(Salcedo, 2002) also investing in advertising and other marketing tools proved to increase the market for any commodity
(Tiamzon, 2014).

In this Synthesis from a Literature Reviewed from the previous Lesson, Manufacturing Facilities and Advertising are the
Independent Variable or the Explanatory Variable in which the research is trying to test its effect to its output (both variables)
Sales. Sales being the Dependent Variable or the Response Variable explain the outcome or overall effects of both explanatory
variables.

Identifying variables is required to create a Theoretical Framework. A Theoretical Framework guides the research process and
determines what variables to test and establish a causal relationship from. Theories may be deduced from the Conceptual Framework.

Creating the Theoretical Framework could be a diagram or a descriptive on how variables are linked.

Example:

Input Process Output

Manufacturing Foreign
Facilities and Sales
Advertising Investment

The diagram above explains an Input-Process-Output framework in which variables identified are categorized based on the pertinent
treatment and consideration from their causal relationship. To explain the variables, see the paragraph below:

Sales for rubber shoes are treated as the response variable of the study. This is the Output of the process. The
process is the action or the causal relationship identified through the codes. In this case, Multinational Corporation
investing in Manufacturing Facilities and Advertising are the Input. These links explains the process by which the
variables are interconnected thus explaining the researches’ Theoretical Framework.