Slides 1 NervousSystem BrainAndNervousSystem

Autonomic Nervous System
With Dr. Craig Canby
Berly Ruiz Orbezo, univer_10@hotmail.com

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ANS
Two Systems
Parasympathetic Sympathetic
Paulsen and Waschke,

Berly RuizAtlas of Human
Orbezo, Anatomy, 15th edition, Elsevier GmbH 2011
univer_10@hotmail.com
ANS
Basic Blueprint
• Preganglionic neuron (CNS origin)
• Postganglionic neuron (ganglionic origin)
Preganglionic Postganglionic
CNS nerve fiber Ganglion nerve fiber
Target
cell

ANS
Neurotransmitters and Receptors
• Preganglionic neuron – ACh both divisions Para
ACh
• Postganglionic neuron receptor – NN (N2)
both divisions
Target cell
NN Sym
Preganglionic
CNS nerve fiber Ganglion N
Postganglionic nerve fiber NE
ACh N
NN Target cell
• Postganglionic neuron neurotransmitters Sym

ACh
• Parasympathetic – ACh
• Sympathetic – NE and ACh Target cell

ANS
Neurotransmitters and Receptors
Target cell receptors Para
ACh
• Parasympathetic – muscarinic
M
• Sympathetic – adrenergic and muscarinic
Target cell
NN Sym
Preganglionic
CNS nerve fiber Ganglion N
Postganglionic nerve fiber NE
ACh N
⍺, ℬ
NN Target cell
Sym
ACh
M
Target cell
Parasympathetic (Craniosacral) System
Nerves Conveying Output
• CN III
• CN VII
• CN IX
• CN X
• Pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2–S4)

Parasympathetic (Craniosacral) System
Ganglia
• CN III – ciliary ganglion
• CN VII – Pterygopalatine and

submandibular ganglia
• CN IX – otic ganglion (GOP)
• CN X – terminal ganglia of thorax

and midgut and hindgut viscera
• Pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2–S4) –

terminal ganglia of hindgut and pelvic
viscera

Sympathetic (Thoracolumbar) System
Output to Viscera
• T1–T5 supply viscera in the head, neck,

and thorax
• T5–L2/3 supply viscera in the abdomen

and pelvis via splanchnic nerves
• Greater
• Lesser
• Least
• Lumbar
• Pelvic

Output to Viscera

and thorax

• Greater
• Lesser
• Least
• Lumbar
• Pelvic

Output to Viscera

and thorax

• Greater
• Lesser
• Least
• Lumbar
• Pelvic

Output to Viscera

and thorax

• Greater
• Lesser
• Least
• Lumbar
• Pelvic

Output to Viscera

and thorax

• Greater
• Lesser
• Least
• Lumbar
• Pelvic

Sympathetic Outflow
Body Wall and Limbs
Sympathetic
ganglion
Spinal nerve
Sympathetic trunk
1 Anterior
2
6
nerve root
1
3 3
4
5
White ramus
communicans
Sympathetic
7
ganglion
Gray ramus communicans
Henry Vandyke Carter
Berly Ruiz[Public domain],
Orbezo, via Wikimedia Commons
univer_10@hotmail.com 4

Sympathetic Outflow
Body Wall and Limbs
• Preganglionic neurons in lateral gray
horns (T1–T12 and L1–L2/3) Sympathetic
ganglion
• Axons then travel to the sympathetic

trunk via the white ramus communicans.
Spinal nerve
• Synapse with postganglionic neuron at, Sympathetic

above, or below trunk
1 Anterior
2
nerve root
• Axon then leaves ganglion via the 6
3 1
3
4
gray ramus communicans to enter the 5
White ramus
communicans
spinal nerve.
Sympathetic
ganglion
• Distributed to target structures of the Gray ramus communicans 7
limbs and body wall in the anterior and
4
posterior rami
Sympathetic Outflow
Cervical and Thoracic Viscera
Sympathetic
ganglion
• Preganglionic neuron axons synapse in Spinal nerve
sympathetic ganglia at or above where Sympathetic

they entered. trunk
1 Anterior
2
nerve root
• Postganglionic axons then leave and 6
3 1
3
4
travel to the viscera. 5
White ramus
communicans
Sympathetic
ganglion
Gray ramus communicans 7

Sympathetic Outflow
Abdominopelvic Viscera
• Preganglionic neuron axons pass Sympathetic

ganglion
through sympathetic trunk without
synapsing.
Spinal nerve
• Along with other axons, these will
Sympathetic
form splanchnic nerves. trunk
1 Anterior
2
• Synapse with prevertebral ganglia 6 1
nerve root
3 3
situated at major arteries branching 4
5
White ramus
from the aorta. communicans
Sympathetic
• Postganglion axons then travel to ganglion
Gray ramus communicans 7
reach visceral targets.
4

Sympathetic Output Driver
Hypothalamus
Hypothalamus Sympathetic driver (fight or flight)
• Hypothalamus
• Activates preganglionic sympathetic

neurons in lateral gray horns

Sympathetic Output Lesion
Horner‘s Syndrome
X
• Characterized by the three – osis
X
X
• Ptosis – drooping upper eyelid
X
X
• Miosis – constricted pupil
• Anhydrosis – absence of sweating

Sympathetic Output Lesion
Horner‘s Syndrome
X
A commonly examined scenario is
X
where Horner's syndrome can X
present in a Pancoast lung tumor – X
its metastatic spread can invade the X
sympathetic chain and cause this
syndrome.

Summary
Nervous System
• The ANS uses the peripheral nervous

system to send output from the central
nervous system through a two-neuron
circuit.
• Preganglionic neurons use ACh to activate

postganglionic neurons in both autonomic
systems.
• Postganglionic parasympathetic neurons

release ACh to stimulate target cells.
• Postganglionic sympathetic neurons

release NE to stimulate target cells and,
in a few instances, ACh.

Attribution
Unless noted otherwise on the slide, images

used in this presentation were sourced from:
Paulsen and Waschke:

Atlas of Human Anatomy, 15th edition, Elsevier
GmbH 2011

This document is a property of: Berly Ruiz Orbezo
Note: This document is copyright protected. It may not be copied, reproduced, used, or
distributed in any way without the written authorization of Lecturio GmbH.


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Autonomic Nervous System

With Dr. Craig Canby

Berly Ruiz Orbezo, univer_10@hotmail.com

Paulsen and Waschke,

• Postganglionic neuron (ganglionic origin)

Berly Ruiz Orbezo, univer_10@hotmail.com

• Postganglionic neuron neurotransmitters Sym

• Sympathetic – NE and ACh Target cell

• Pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2–S4)

Paulsen and Waschke,

• CN VII – Pterygopalatine and

• CN IX – otic ganglion (GOP)

• CN X – terminal ganglia of thorax

• Pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2–S4) –

Paulsen and Waschke,

• T1–T5 supply viscera in the head, neck,

• T5–L2/3 supply viscera in the abdomen

Paulsen and Waschke,

• T1–T5 supply viscera in the head, neck,

• T5–L2/3 supply viscera in the abdomen

Paulsen and Waschke,

• T1–T5 supply viscera in the head, neck,

• T5–L2/3 supply viscera in the abdomen

Paulsen and Waschke,

• T1–T5 supply viscera in the head, neck,

• T5–L2/3 supply viscera in the abdomen

Paulsen and Waschke,

• T1–T5 supply viscera in the head, neck,

• T5–L2/3 supply viscera in the abdomen

Paulsen and Waschke,

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• Axons then travel to the sympathetic

• Synapse with postganglionic neuron at, Sympathetic

• Preganglionic neuron axons synapse in Spinal nerve

sympathetic ganglia at or above where Sympathetic

Henry Vandyke Carter

• Preganglionic neuron axons pass Sympathetic

Henry Vandyke Carter

Hypothalamus Sympathetic driver (fight or flight)

• Activates preganglionic sympathetic

Paulsen and Waschke,

Hypothalamus Sympathetic driver (fight or flight)

• Anhydrosis – absence of sweating

Paulsen and Waschke,

Hypothalamus Sympathetic driver (fight or flight)

Paulsen and Waschke,

• The ANS uses the peripheral nervous

• Preganglionic neurons use ACh to activate

• Postganglionic parasympathetic neurons

• Postganglionic sympathetic neurons

Berly Ruiz Orbezo, univer_10@hotmail.com

Unless noted otherwise on the slide, images

Paulsen and Waschke:

Berly Ruiz Orbezo, univer_10@hotmail.com

Berly Ruiz Orbezo, univer_10@hotmail.com

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