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Detailed Project Report for Two/ Four laning with paved

shoulder NH configuration of “Dwarka – Khambhaliya –


Devariya” & “Dhrol – Amran – Maliya” Road Sections in
Gujarat under Bharat Mala Project.

Final Detailed Project Report

Volume II : Design Report


(Part I : Road Works)

October 2017
NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA
(Ministry of Road Transport & Highways)

Detailed Project Report for Two/Four Laning with


paved shoulder NH configuration of “Dwarka-
Khambhaliya-Devariya” & “Dhrol-Amran-Maliya”
Road sections (Gujarat) under Bharat Mala Project.

FINAL DETAILED PROJECT REPORT


Volume – I: Main Report
Volume – II: Design Report:
Part I: Road Works
Part II: Bridge Works
a) Hydraulic Report
b) Geotechnical Investigation Report
c) Design of Structures
Volume – III: Materials Report
Volume – IV: Environmental Impact Assessment Report including EMP
and Social impacts and RAP
Volume – V: Technical Specifications
Volume – VI: Rate Analysis
Volume – VII: Cost Estimates
Volume– VIII: Bill of Quantities
Volume – IX : Drawing Volume:
Part-I: Road Works
Part-II: Bridge Works
Part –III: Cross section at 50m Interval
Volume – X : Civil Works Contract Agreement
Volume – XI : Project Clearances
Annexure Primary Data:
Part-I: Road Works
Part-II: Bridge Works
Table of Contents
Detailed Project Report for Two / Four laning with paved shoulder NH configuration
of "Dwarka - Khambhaliya - Devariya" & "Dhrol - Amran - Maliya" Road Sections in
Gujarat under Bharat Mala Project.
Final Detailed Project Report/Volume II (Part-1)/Table of Contents Highway Division
Document Ref: RITES/HW/RT300-00012/FDPR/Volume II (Part-1)/Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Chapter 1 – Introduction............................................................................................................... 8
1.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 8
1.2. Need of the Project ................................................................................................................. 8
1.3. The Project Highway ............................................................................................................... 9
1.4. Scope of Works for Design Report (Part 1: Road Works) ..................................................... 11
Chapter 2 – Design Standards ................................................................................................... 13
2.1. General .................................................................................................................................. 13
2.2. Geometric Design Standards ................................................................................................ 14
2.3. Terrain ................................................................................................................................... 15
2.4. Design Speed ......................................................................................................................... 15
2.5. Land Acquisition .................................................................................................................... 16
2.6. Traffic Lanes, Carriageway Width and Shoulders (Cross Section) ........................................ 17
2.7. Camber/Cross Fall ................................................................................................................. 18
2.8. Service Roads ........................................................................................................................ 18
2.9. Median Width ....................................................................................................................... 18
2.10. Horizontal Alignment ........................................................................................................ 19
2.11. Minimum Transition Length.............................................................................................. 19
2.12. Widening at Curves ........................................................................................................... 20
2.13. Sight Distance.................................................................................................................... 20
2.14. Setback Distance at Horizontal Curves ............................................................................. 20
2.15. Vertical Alignment............................................................................................................. 21
2.16. Lateral and Vertical Clearances ......................................................................................... 21
2.17. Standards for Interchange Elements ................................................................................ 22
2.18. Design of Project Highway Facility .................................................................................... 23
Chapter 3 – Pavement Design.................................................................................................... 31
3.1. General .................................................................................................................................. 31
3.2. Factors governing Design ...................................................................................................... 31
3.3. Axle load characteristics ....................................................................................................... 31
3.4. Wheel base characteristics ................................................................................................... 31
Revision Level: R0 October 2017 Page 4
Detailed Project Report for Two / Four laning with paved shoulder NH configuration
of "Dwarka - Khambhaliya - Devariya" & "Dhrol - Amran - Maliya" Road Sections in
Gujarat under Bharat Mala Project.
Final Detailed Project Report/Volume II (Part-1)/Table of Contents Highway Division
Document Ref: RITES/HW/RT300-00012/FDPR/Volume II (Part-1)/Table of Contents

3.5. Design Period ........................................................................................................................ 32


3.6. Traffic consideration ............................................................................................................. 32
3.7. Design of slab thickness ........................................................................................................ 34
3.8. Proposed and adopted pavement layers .............................................................................. 36
3.9. Reinforcement details in proposed pavement ..................................................................... 36
3.10. Pavement Composition in Service Road. .......................................................................... 36

Revision Level: R0 October 2017 Page 5


Detailed Project Report for Two / Four laning with paved shoulder NH configuration
of "Dwarka - Khambhaliya - Devariya" & "Dhrol - Amran - Maliya" Road Sections in
Gujarat under Bharat Mala Project.
Final Detailed Project Report/Volume II (Part-1)/Table of Contents Highway Division
Document Ref: RITES/HW/RT300-00012/FDPR/Volume II (Part-1)/Table of Contents

List of Tables
Table 1-1: Start & End Location of Dwarka - Khambhaliya - Devariya Road Section ........................................... 10
Table 1-2: Start & End Location of Dhrol – Amran – Maliya Road Section ........................................................... 10
Table 2-1: Terrain Classification ........................................................................................................................... 15
Table 2-2: Guidelines for design Speed ............................................................................................................... 155
Table 2-3: Land Requirement for Different Cross-Section types ........................................................................... 16
Table 2-4: Cross-Sectional Elements ..................................................................................................................... 17
Table 2-5: Guidelines for camber .......................................................................................................................... 18
Table 2-6: Width of Median .................................................................................................................................. 18
Table 2-7: Design Parameters for Horizontal Curves ............................................................................................ 19
Table 2-8: Guidelines for Transition Length .......................................................................................................... 19
Table 2-9: Guidelines for Extra Widening at Curves (Two Lane Road).................................................................. 20
Table 2-10: Guidelines for Extra Widening at Curves (Four Lane Road) ............................................................... 20
Table 2-11: Guidelines for Safe Sight Distance ..................................................................................................... 20
Table 2-12: Guidelines on Gradients ..................................................................................................................... 21
Table 2-13: Minimum Length of Vertical Curves for Different Speeds .................................................................. 21
Table 2-14: Minimum Vertical Clearances ............................................................................................................ 22
TABLE 2-15: SPEED, HORIZONTAL CURVATURE AND SIGHT DISTANCE FOR RAMP DESIGN............................ 22
Table 3-1: Cumulative No. of Commercial Vehicle during Design Period ............................................................. 32
Table 3-2: Percentage Composition of Types of Axle ............................................................................................ 32
Table 3-3: Axle load spectrum for section I, section II and section III ................................................................... 33
Table 3-4: Axle load spectrum for section IV and section V .................................................................................. 33
Table 3-5: Average no of axles per commercial vehicle ........................................................................................ 34
Table 3-6: Cumulative Fatigue Damage value for Different Trial Thickness ......................................................... 34
Table 3-7: Pavement Layers .................................................................................................................................. 36
Table 3-8: Reinforcement Details ......................................................................................................................... 36
Table 3-9: Proposed Pavement Composition: Service Road.................................................................................. 37
Table 3-10: Cumulative No. of Commercial Vehicle (Section I: Kuranga to Limbdi)............................................ 37
Table 3-11: Cumulative No. of Commercial Vehicle (Section II: Limbdi to Khambhaliya) .................................... 38
Table 3-12: Cumulative No. of Commercial Vehicle (Section III: Khambhaliya to Devariya)................................ 39
Table 3-13: Cumulative No. of Commercial Vehicle (Section IV: Dhrol to Bhadra Patiya ) .................................. 40
Table 3-14: Cumulative No. of Commercial Vehicle (Section V: Bhadra Patiya to Pipaliya) ................................ 41

Revision Level: R0 October 2017 Page 6



Introduction

Chapter 1 – Introduction
Detailed Project Report for Two / Four laning with paved shoulder NH configuration
of "Dwarka - Khambhaliya - Devariya" & "Dhrol - Amran - Maliya" Road Sections in
Gujarat under Bharat Mala Project.
Final Detailed Project Report / Volume II (Part-1)/ Chapter 1 - Introduction Highway Division
Document Ref: RITES/HW/RT300-00012/FDPR/Volume II (Part-1)/ Chapter 1

Chapter 1 – Introduction

1.1. Introduction

RITES Ltd. has been entrusted with Consultancy services for Detailed Project Report
for Two / Four laning with paved shoulder NH configuration of "Dwarka -
Khambhaliya - Devariya" & "Dhrol - Amran - Maliya" Road Sections in Gujarat
under Bharatmala Project vide NHAI Letter no. NHAI/BM/Proc./01/DPR/2015/
76292 dated 31.12.2015. The commencement date of the Consultancy Services is
21.01.2016. The present report is submitted in accordance with the Stage 3 (Clause
10.8) of Terms of Reference.

1.2. Need of the Project

The “Dwarka - Khambhaliya – Devariya” Road Section provides connectivity to


Pilgrim location Dwarka with eastern and northern parts of Gujarat. The “Dhrol –
Amran – Pipaliya” Road Section provides connectivity to industrial town Jamnagar
with eastern and northern part of Gujarat and interconnectivity with Jamnagar –
Rajkot section of SH 25. Implementation of the Project is quintessential as it shall
improve the following:

• Connectivity along international border/coast line;


• Access to armed forces;
• Connectivity with coastal roads;
• Connectivity to important pilgrim locations like Dwarka (One of the Four
Dhams) and Jyotirling in Nageswaram Temple, Som Nath Temple etc.;
• Interconnectivity of two important National Highways (NH-8A & NH-8E); &
• Connectivity to traffic originating from major industrial establishments of
Project Influence Area like Reliance, Essar, Tata etc.

Revision Level: R0 October 2017 Page 8


Detailed Project Report for Two / Four laning with paved shoulder NH configuration
of "Dwarka - Khambhaliya - Devariya" & "Dhrol - Amran - Maliya" Road Sections in
Gujarat under Bharat Mala Project.
Final Detailed Project Report / Volume II (Part-1)/ Chapter 1 - Introduction Highway Division
Document Ref: RITES/HW/RT300-00012/FDPR/Volume II (Part-1)/ Chapter 1

1.3. The Project Highway

The start and end of the Road sections can be summarized as below:

(i) Dwarka - Khambhaliya - Devariya Road Section

TABLE 1-1: START & END LOCATION OF DWARKA - KHAMBHALIYA - DEVARIYA ROAD SECTION
Sl. Description Location Length
No. (km)
1. Start Km 203+500 of SH25 (Junction with NH-8E at Km 443+700) 73.5
2. End Km Stone 130 of SH25 (Start of 4 Lane Section: near Essar Green)

(ii) Dhrol - Amran - Maliya Road Section

TABLE 1-2: START & END LOCATION OF DHROL – AMRAN – MALIYA ROAD SECTION
Sl. Description Location Length (km)
No.
1. Start Dhrol(Junction with Jamnagar – Rajkot Road 86.6
section SH-25 at Km. 50.9) (as per ToR)
2(a). End (Original) Maliya (Junction with Morbi – Samakhyali Road
Section of NH-8A at Km 268.5)
2(b). End (Revised) Km Stone 24 near Pipaliya 62.6@
(Revised length)
Note: Road Section between Maliya (Km 0 of CSH-6) to Pipaliya (Km 24 of CSH-6) delinked from
DPR vide NHAI Letter dated 09.08.2016.
@ Revised length of Road Section is 62.6 Km upon delink of Maliya-Pipaliya road section of

24.0Km.

Revision Level: R0 October 2017 Page 9


Detailed Project Report for Two / Four laning with paved shoulder NH configuration of "Dwarka - Khambhaliya - Devariya" & "Dhrol
- Amran - Maliya" Road Sections in Gujarat under Bharat Mala Project.
Final Detailed Project Report / Volume II (Part-1)/ Chapter 1 - Introduction Highway Division
Document Ref: RITES/HW/RT300-00012/FDPR/Volume II (Part-1)/ Chapter 1

FIGURE 1-1: ALIGNMENT ROUTE MAP APPROVED BY THE CLIENT NHAI AND STAKEHOLDERS

End of Project
Road

Start of
Project Road

Project Road Section


Road Section delinked from DPR vide NHAI letter dated 09.08.2016
Road Section not under present study (Four Lane Toll Road under GSRDC)

Revision Level: R0 October 2017 Page 10


Detailed Project Report for Two / Four laning with paved shoulder NH configuration
of "Dwarka - Khambhaliya - Devariya" & "Dhrol - Amran - Maliya" Road Sections in
Gujarat under Bharat Mala Project.
Final Detailed Project Report / Volume II (Part-1)/ Chapter 1 - Introduction Highway Division
Document Ref: RITES/HW/RT300-00012/FDPR/Volume II (Part-1)/ Chapter 1

1.4. Scope of Works for Design Report (Part 1: Road Works)

The Present report “Volume II: Design Report (Part I Road Works)” is part of submissions
under Stage 3: Final Detailed Project Report (please refer Global Contents at start of the
report).

This is being submitted in accordance with Para 10.8 of Terms of Reference, Page 72 of
Contract Agreement. The Scope of Works for presenting details in Design Report, Part I:
Road Features and Pavement Composition is as under:

1. This volume shall contain design calculations, supported by computer printout of


calculations wherever applicable. The Report shall clearly bring out the various features
of design standards adopted for the study. The design report will be in two parts. Part-I
shall primarily deal with the design of road features and pavement composition.

2. The detailed design for all features should be carried out as per the requirements of the
Design Standards for the project. However, there may be situations wherein it has not
been possible to strictly adhere to the design standards due to the existing site
conditions, restrictions and other considerations. The report should clearly bring out the
details of these aspect and the standards adopted.

Revision Level: R0 October 2017 Page 11



Design Standards

Chapter 2 – Design Standards


Detailed Project Report for Two / Four laning with paved shoulder NH configuration
of "Dwarka - Khambhaliya - Devariya" & "Dhrol - Amran - Maliya" Road Sections in
Gujarat under Bharat Mala Project.
Final Detailed Project Report /Volume II (Part-1)/Chapter 2 – Design standards Highway Division
Document Ref: RITES/HW/RT300-00012/FDPR/Volume II (Part-1)/Chapter-2

Chapter 2 – Design Standards

2.1. General

Highway design is the process whereby the layout of the road in specific terrain is
designed to meet the needs of the road users, keeping in view the road function, type
and volume of traffic, potential traffic hazards and safety, capital cost, maintenance
costs, vehicle operating costs, environment impacts, aesthetics as well as convenience
of the road users.

The existing road mainly traverses through plain terrain to its entire section from
"Dwarka - Khambhaliya - Devariya" & "Dhrol -Amran - Maliya" Road Sections which
connects NH-8E at Kuranga Junction and with NH-8A at Maliya connecting
Khambhaliya, Jamnagar, Dhrol and Amran enroute.

The various design elements and factors, which govern the functions of any
highway, can be broadly grouped under the following:

• Cross-sectional layout;
• Land-use and access control;
• Geometric design, alignment and profile;
• Pavement design;
• Drainage;
• Bridges and structures;
• Interchanges and intersections;
• Traffic control and safety measures;
• Wayside facilities;
• Aesthetics;
• Socio environmental design and mitigation;
• Bypasses
• Service and side roads;
• Pedestrian facilities.

The objectives for upgrading and rehabilitation works of the project are:

• Segregation of fast moving and slow moving traffic;


• Segregation of through traffic from local traffic;
• Mobility and safety of Highway users and cross traffic;
• Satisfy traffic carrying capacity for 30 years;
• Avoiding or limiting traffic disruption during construction activity;
• Facilities for pedestrians to travel along and across the Project Highway.

The consultants have designed several National/State Highway projects in India in


the past, which have been taken up for 2/4/6-lanes under EPC as well as BOT
projects. A review of those projects in respect of design standards is considered
useful in formulating the standards for the present project. The design standards
Revision Level: R0 October 2017 Page 13
Detailed Project Report for Two / Four laning with paved shoulder NH configuration
of "Dwarka - Khambhaliya - Devariya" & "Dhrol - Amran - Maliya" Road Sections in
Gujarat under Bharat Mala Project.
Final Detailed Project Report /Volume II (Part-1)/Chapter 2 – Design standards Highway Division
Document Ref: RITES/HW/RT300-00012/FDPR/Volume II (Part-1)/Chapter-2

would comply with the relevant IRC codes, as adopted in similar National / State
Highway projects and the same are being proposed for this particular project.

2.2. Geometric Design Standards

Design standards for the highways call for an in-depth study of available and
internationally adopted criteria for economy and safety. The consultants initiated
the study in this direction and the broad criteria emerging out of them, are proposed
for the project. The relevant standards consulted for the project includes the
following:

• IRC
IRC: 5-2015 Standard Specifications and Code of Practice for RoadBridges,
Section I – General Features of Design (EighthRevision)
IRC: 6-2017 Standard Specifications and Code of Practice for Road Bridges,
Section-II Loads and Stresses (Revised Edition)
IRC: 28-1967 Tentative Specifications for Construction of Stabilized Soil
Roads with Soft Aggregates in Areas of Moderate & High
Rainfall
IRC: 36-2010 Recommended Practice for Construction of Earth Embankments
and Subgrade for Road Works
IRC: 37-2012 Guidelines For The Design of Flexible Pavements
IRC: 38-1988 Guidelines for Design of Horizontal Curves for Highways and
Design Tables
IRC: 54-1974 Lateral and Vertical Clearances at Underpasses for Vehicular
Traffic
IRC: 62-1976 Guidelines for Control of Access on Highways
IRC: 64-1990 Guidelines for Capacity of Roads in Rural Areas
IRC: 65-1976 Recommended Practice for Traffic Rotaries
IRC: 66-1976 Recommended Practice for Sight Distance on Rural Highways
IRC: 67-2012 Code of Practice for Road Signs (Third Revision)
IRC: 73-1980 Geometric Design Standards for Rural (Non-Urban) Highways
IRC: 75-2015 Guidelines for the Design of High Embankments
IRC: 78-2014 Standard Specifications and Code of Practice for Road Bridges
Section : VII Foundations and Substructure (Revised Edition)
IRC: 81-1997 Guidelines for Strengthening of Flexible Road Pavements using
Benkelman Beam Deflection Technique
IRC: 83-2015 (Part II) Standard Specifications and Code of Practice for Road Bridges
Section : IX Bearings Part II : Elastomeric Bearings
IRC: 83-2002 (Part III) Standard Specifications and Code of Practice for Road Bridges
Section : IX Bearings Part III : POT, POT-Cum-PTFE, PIN and
Metallic Guide Bearings
IRC: 86-1983 Geometric Design Standards for Urban Roads in Plains
IRC: 92-1985 Guidelines for Design of Interchanges in Urban Areas
IRC: 102-1988 Traffic Studies for Planning Bypasses Around Towns
IRC: 104-1988 Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment of Highway
Projects
IRC: 108-2015 Guidelines for Traffic Forecast on Highways (First Revision)
IRC: 112-2011 Code of Practice for Concrete Road Bridges
IRC: SP: 13-2004 Guidelines for the Design of Small Bridges and Culverts
Revision Level: R0 October 2017 Page 14
Detailed Project Report for Two / Four laning with paved shoulder NH configuration
of "Dwarka - Khambhaliya - Devariya" & "Dhrol - Amran - Maliya" Road Sections in
Gujarat under Bharat Mala Project.
Final Detailed Project Report /Volume II (Part-1)/Chapter 2 – Design standards Highway Division
Document Ref: RITES/HW/RT300-00012/FDPR/Volume II (Part-1)/Chapter-2

IRC: SP: 19-2001 Manual for Survey, Investigation and Preparation of Road
Projects
IRC: SP: 23-1983 Vertical Curves for Highways
IRC: SP: 44-1996 Highway Safety Code
IRC: SP: 69-2011 Guidelines & Specifications for Expansion Joints (First Revision)
IRC: SP: 73-2015 Manual of Specifications & Standards for Two Laning of
Highways with Paved Shoulders (First Revision)
IRC: SP: 84-2014 Manual of Specifications & Standards for Four Laning of
Highways through Public Private Partnership (First Revision)
IRC: SP: 88-2010 Manual on Road Safety Audit
IRC: SP: 90-2010 Manual for Grate Separators and Elevated Structures
IRC: SP: 93-2011 Guidelines on Requirements for Environmental Clearance for
Road Projects
IRC: SP: 102-2014 Guidelines for Design and Construction of Reinforced Soil Walls
• AASHTO
Guide for Design of Pavement Structure, 1993.
A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets, 1990

• MoRT&H
Specifications for Road and Bridge Works (5th Revision, 2013)
Green Highways (Plantation, Transplantation, Beautification & Maintenance) Policy

• ICAO
International Standards and Recommended Practices.

• Ministry of Defense
Guidelines provided vide Letter no. Air HQ/36072/1/RWY (Pol)/W (P&C)

2.3. Terrain

The present project under consideration passes through predominantly flat/plain


terrain.The following terrain Classification has been adopted for the Project Road.
TABLE 2-1: TERRAIN CLASSIFICATION
Terrain % Cross-slope
i. Plain < 10
ii. Rolling 10 – 25
iii. Mountainous 25 – 60
iv. Steep > 60

2.4. Design Speed

The design speed is the guiding criteria for correlating features such as sight
distance, curvature and super elevation upon which the safe operation of the vehicle
depends. The design speeds for plain terrain have been proposed as follow:

TABLE 2-2: GUIDELINES FOR DESIGN SPEED


Nature of As per IRC:SP:73-2015 As per IRC:SP:84-2014
Terrain Ruling Minimum Ruling Minimum
Plain 100 80 100 80
Revision Level: R0 October 2017 Page 15
Detailed Project Report for Two / Four laning with paved shoulder NH configuration
of "Dwarka - Khambhaliya - Devariya" & "Dhrol - Amran - Maliya" Road Sections in
Gujarat under Bharat Mala Project.
Final Detailed Project Report /Volume II (Part-1)/Chapter 2 – Design standards Highway Division
Document Ref: RITES/HW/RT300-00012/FDPR/Volume II (Part-1)/Chapter-2

Rolling 100 80 100 80


Mountainous 60 40 60 40
Steep 60 40 60 40

Since, the project passes through the flat/plain terrain, hence a design speed of 100
km/hr. has been proposed.

2.5. Land Acquisition


As far as possible, the widening/improvement work shall be within the existing
right of way avoiding land acquisition, except for locations having inadequate width
and where provisions of short bypasses, service roads, alignment corrections,
improvement of intersections are considered if found essential and practicable and
cost effective. However, bypasses proposals shall also be considered, wherever in
urban areas, improvement to two/four lanes with/without paved shoulders of the
existing road is not possible, as the case may be.

The approximate Land requirement corresponding to proposed typical Cross


Sections is as under:
TABLE 2-3: LAND REQUIREMENT FOR DIFFERENT CROSS-SECTION TYPES
Typical Cross Section Drawing No. Type Minimum Remarks
Land Req. (m)
RITES/HW/RT300- A 37 m 4 Lane-Rural Section
00012/IR/TCS/01&05 (Geometric Improvement)
B 37 m 4 Lane-Rural Section
(One Side Widening)
RITES/HW/RT300- C 37 m 4 Lane-Rural Section
00012/IR/TCS/02 (Symmetric Widening)
D 60 m 4 Lane-Rural Section (Bypass)
RITES/HW/RT300- E 37 m 4 Lane- Urban Section
00012/IR/TCS/03
F 45 m 4 Lane with Service Road-
Urban Section
RITES/HW/RT300- G 50m 4 Lane VUP/NVUP/PUP
00012/IR/TCS/04
RITES/HW/RT300- H 60m 27m rigid pavement and 3m
00012/IR/TCS/04 paved shoulder either side for
proposed Highway Facility.

Also, as suggested by NHAI ,vide Minutes of Meeting and letter no. NHAI/BM/
Proc./01/ DPR/2015/Pkg2/86714, dated 09.8.2016, the proposed ROW along
existing road shall be kept 45m and along bypass/realignment shall be 60m.
Accordingly the land acquisition activities have been taken up by the consultant
satisfying the advices of NHAI. In addition to the indicated ROW acquisition, then
consultant has also identified additional land requirement at Road user facilities;
Junction and Interchanges satisfying the codal provisions.

Revision Level: R0 October 2017 Page 16


Detailed Project Report for Two / Four laning with paved shoulder NH configuration
of "Dwarka - Khambhaliya - Devariya" & "Dhrol - Amran - Maliya" Road Sections in
Gujarat under Bharat Mala Project.
Final Detailed Project Report /Volume II (Part-1)/Chapter 2 – Design standards Highway Division
Document Ref: RITES/HW/RT300-00012/FDPR/Volume II (Part-1)/Chapter-2

2.6. Traffic Lanes, Carriageway Width and Shoulders (Cross Section)

Based on the projected traffic along all road sections, the respective sections shall be
proposed to be developed as two/four lanes with paved shoulders. The consultants have
studied various alternatives proposals in similar projects and other design standards. The
typical cross-sectional elements and the minimum effective roadway width for the project
road have been presented in the following table:

TABLE 2-4: CROSS-SECTIONAL ELEMENTS


Cross-Section Elements As per As per Recommended & adopted
IRC:SP:73-2015 IRC:SP:84-2014 Cross-Section Elements
Width of 2/4-lane highway
Main Carriageway 2x3.5m =7m 2x7m = 14m 2x7.0m = 14.0m
Structures 2-lane 4-lane 4-lane Structures
Structures Structures
Kerb shyness 2x0.5m= 1m 2x0.5m= 1m 2x0.5m= 1m
Foot Path (m) in Built up Areas 2x1.50m = 3m 2x1.50m = 3m 2x1.50m = 3m
Median Open Country with 5.00m 5.00m 5.00m
Width Isolated built-up area
Built up area 2.50m 2.50m Median width minimum
2.5m may be adopted in 4-
Lane carriageway in
Urban Section
Approach to Grade - 5.00m 5.00m
Separated Structures
Paved Open Country with 2 x 1.5m= 3.0m 2 x 1.5m= 3.0m 2 x 1.50m = 3.0m
Shoulder Isolated built-up area
Width
Built up area (2- lane 2x2.5m=5.0m - -
(Plain/Rolling
section)
terrain)
Built up Area (4-lane - 2x2m = 4m 2 x 2.00m = 4.0m
section)
Approach to Grade 2x2m = 4m 2x2m = 4m
Separated Structures
Approaches to bridges 2x1.50m = 3m 2x1.50m = 3m
Earthen Open Country with 2 x 2.0m= 4.0m 2 x 2.0m= 4.0m 2 x 2.0m = 4.0 m
Shoulder Isolated built-up area
Width Built up area (2- lane - -
(Plain/Rolling section)
terrain) Built up Area (4-lane - -
section)
Approach to Grade - -
Separated Structures
Approaches to bridges 2 x 2.0m= 4.0m 2 x 2.0m= 4.0m
R.C.C. Drain 2x2.0m = 4.0m 2x2.0m = 4.0m 2x2.0m = 4.0m
2x1.5m = 3.0m (with SR)
Space for Services ( Utility Corridor) 2x2.0m = 4.0m 2x2.0m = 4.0m 2x2.0m = 4.0m
Overall Roadway Width (Eff.) incl. 30m/60m 60m • 45 (minimum 37 m)
side slopes RoW required for 4
Lane Div. Carriageway
(Urban
• 60 (minimum 50 m)
Revision Level: R0 October 2017 Page 17
Detailed Project Report for Two / Four laning with paved shoulder NH configuration
of "Dwarka - Khambhaliya - Devariya" & "Dhrol - Amran - Maliya" Road Sections in
Gujarat under Bharat Mala Project.
Final Detailed Project Report /Volume II (Part-1)/Chapter 2 – Design standards Highway Division
Document Ref: RITES/HW/RT300-00012/FDPR/Volume II (Part-1)/Chapter-2

Cross-Section Elements As per As per Recommended & adopted


IRC:SP:73-2015 IRC:SP:84-2014 Cross-Section Elements
required for 4 lane
VUP/PUP/NVP and
• 60m Row for Bypass
• Satisfying NHAI letter
no.
NHAI/BM/Proc./01/
DPR/2015/Pkg2/86714

2.7. Camber/Cross Fall

The values of camber proposed to be applied on straight (i.e. without super-


elevation) sections would be as following.

TABLE 2-5: GUIDELINES FOR CAMBER


Type of Pavement Element Camber
As per As per
IRC:SP:73-2015 IRC:SP:84-2014
Bituminous Surface Carriageway & Paved Shoulder 2.5 % 2.5 %
(Flexible Pavement) Unpaved (Earthen) shoulder 3.0 % 3.0 %
Cement Concrete Surface Carriageway & Paved Shoulder 2.0 % 2.0 %
(Rigid Pavement) Unpaved (Earthen) shoulder 3.0 % 3.0 %

2.8. Service Roads

Service roads if required will be proposed for the selected built-up sections for
effective segregation of traffic in addition to facilitate the local commuters and to
avoid the direct entry of the traffic on main carriageway if found essential. The
carriageway width of Service Road is proposed as 7.5m (includes kerb shyness of
0.5m) with a separator of 1.5m.

2.9. Median Width

In open area, raised median of width 5.0 (including kerb shyness of 0.5m on either
side) is proposed. In built-up areas with 4-lane divided carriageway, the width of
median (distance between inside edges of carriageway) may be kept minimum 2.5 m
including kerb shyness of 0.50 m on either side, wherever found essential.

The width of median is the distance between inside edges of carriageway. The type
of median shall depend upon the availability of Right of Way. The minimum width
of median, subject to availability of Right of Way, for various locations is given
below:
TABLE 2-6: WIDTH OF MEDIAN
Type of Section Minimum Width of Median {m)
Plain and Rolling terrain Mountainous and
Steep terrain
Raised* Depressed Raised*
median
Open country with isolated built-up area 5.0 7.0 2.5
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of "Dwarka - Khambhaliya - Devariya" & "Dhrol - Amran - Maliya" Road Sections in
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Final Detailed Project Report /Volume II (Part-1)/Chapter 2 – Design standards Highway Division
Document Ref: RITES/HW/RT300-00012/FDPR/Volume II (Part-1)/Chapter-2

Type of Section Minimum Width of Median {m)


Plain and Rolling terrain Mountainous and
Steep terrain
Raised* Depressed Raised*
median
Built up area 2.5# Not Applicable 2.5
Approach to grade separated structures 5.0 Not Applicable 2.5
Note: *Including Kerb shyness of 0.50 m on either side. In the existing 4-lane reaches also, the
minimum kerb shyness of 0.5 m shall be maintained. This additional width for kerb shyness
shall be catered by augmenting the carriageways toward the shoulder side.
#Minimum Width, may be adopted in case of land constraint.

2.10. Horizontal Alignment

Horizontal alignment essentially comprises of three major elements: tangent sections,


circular curve and transition curve elements. A balanced control on the above
elements is required to provide safe and continuous flow of vehicles under the
general traffic conditions. The design parameters governing the curve elements are
given below:

TABLE 2-7: DESIGN PARAMETERS FOR HORIZONTAL CURVES


Sl. Design Elements As per IRC:SP:73-2015 As per IRC:SP:84-2014
No. Plain and Mountainous / Plain and Mountainous
Rolling Steep Terrain Rolling / Steep
Terrain Terrain Terrain
Radius of Horizontal Curve (m)
1 Ruling 400 150 400 150
Absolute Minimum 250 75 250 75
2 Max. Super Elevation (e) % 5* 5* 5* 5*
Note: *Super elevation shall be limited to 7 percent, if radius of curve is less than the desirable
minimum. It shall be limited to 5 percent, if the radius is more than desirable minimum and
also at section where Project Highway passes through an urban section or falls on a major
junction.

2.11. Minimum Transition Length

The minimum transition length for a curve radius of 400m in flat/plain terrain
should be 130m & 60m for speeds of 100 km/hour & 80 km/hour respectively. In
case of curve radius of 250m, the minimum transition length should be 90 m for the
speed of 80 km/hour.

The minimum transition length for different speeds and curve radii shall be as
presented in the following table:

TABLE 2-8: GUIDELINES FOR TRANSITION LENGTH


Speed As per IRC:SP:73-2015 As per IRC:SP:84-2014
(km/hour) Curve Minimum transition Curve Minimum transition
radius (m) length (m) radius (m) length (m)
100 400 130 400 130
80 250 90 250 90

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Detailed Project Report for Two / Four laning with paved shoulder NH configuration
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Document Ref: RITES/HW/RT300-00012/FDPR/Volume II (Part-1)/Chapter-2

Broken-back curves will be avoided to the extent possible. Minimum curve length
would be 150m for a deflection angle of 5 degrees and this would be increased by 30
metres for each one-degree of decrease. No curve is required for deflection angle of
less than one degree.

2.12. Widening at Curves

At sharp horizontal curves, it is necessary to widen the carriageway to facilitate safe


passage as given below:

TABLE 2-9: GUIDELINES FOR EXTRA WIDENING AT CURVES (TWO LANE ROAD)
Radius of Curve (m) Up to 40 41 to 60 61 to 100 101 to 300 Above 300
Extra Width (m) – 1.5 1.2 0.9 0.6 Nil
Two lane road

TABLE 2-10: GUIDELINES FOR EXTRA WIDENING AT CURVES (FOUR LANE ROAD)
Radius of Curve (m) 75 – 100m 101-300m
Extra Width (m) – Four Lane road 0.9m 0.6m

2.13. Sight Distance

The safe stopping sight distance and desirable minimum sight distance are given in
the following table:

TABLE 2-11: GUIDELINES FOR SAFE SIGHT DISTANCE


Speed As per IRC:SP:73-2015 As per IRC:SP:84-2014
(km/hour) Safe Stopping Desirable Safe Stopping Desirable
Sight Distance Minimum Sight Sight Distance Minimum Sight
(m) Distance (m) (m) Distance (m)
100 180 360 180 360
80 120 240 130 260

2.14. Setback Distance at Horizontal Curves

The minimum setback distance from the centre line of the carriage way to the object
obstructing the line of sight will be as under:
Parameters Setback distance
a) V = 100 km/hr.
S = 180 m 13 m
R = 360 m
b) V = 80 km/hr.
S = 120 m 9m
R = 230 m

V = Design speed in km / hr.;


S = Safe stopping sight distance
R = Radius of curve

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Detailed Project Report for Two / Four laning with paved shoulder NH configuration
of "Dwarka - Khambhaliya - Devariya" & "Dhrol - Amran - Maliya" Road Sections in
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Final Detailed Project Report /Volume II (Part-1)/Chapter 2 – Design standards Highway Division
Document Ref: RITES/HW/RT300-00012/FDPR/Volume II (Part-1)/Chapter-2

Where horizontal and summit vertical curves overlap, the design should provide for
the required sight distance both in vertical directions along the pavement and in
horizontal direction on the inside of the curve.

2.15. Vertical Alignment

Standard considerations of designing the vertical alignment with smoothness in


longitudinal profile, infrequent change of grades, avoidance of short valley curve in
an otherwise continuous profile, avoidance of broken back grade lines, carrying the
decks of small structures following the same profile as the flanking road section, and
co-ordination with horizontal alignment, will be followed. Detailed design of vertical
curves will be done at the stage of Detailed Project Report.

There are two major elements in vertical geometry of an alignment i.e. longitudinal
gradient and vertical curve. The following gradients for different terrain conditions
are given below.

TABLE 2-12: GUIDELINES ON GRADIENTS


Classification of Gradients for Different Terrain
Gradient Plain / Rolling Mountainous Steep
Ruling gradient 2.5% 5.0% 6.0%
Limiting gradient 3.3% 6.0% 7.0%

Gradients up to the “ruling gradient” would be used as a matter of course in design.


The limiting gradients would be used where topography of a place compels this
course or where the adoption of gentler gradients would add enormously to the cost.

The vertical curve would be provided at all grade changes exceeding those indicated
in the following table.

TABLE 2-13: MINIMUM LENGTH OF VERTICAL CURVES FOR DIFFERENT SPEEDS


Design Speed Maximum grade change (percent) not Minimum length of
(km/h) requiring a vertical curve vertical curve (m)
100 0.5 60

2.16. Lateral and Vertical Clearances

Lateral and vertical clearances for the roads at the locations of underpass and grade-
separators are proposed as per Indian Roads Congress Standards IRC: 54-1974, IRC:
73-1980, IRC: 5-2015, IRC:SP:73-2015 and IRC:SP:84-2014.

Guidelines pertaining to Lateral Clearance are as following:

(i) Full roadway width of the cross road shall be carried through the
Vehicular Underpass. The lateral clearance shall not be less than 12 m
(7 m carriageway+ 2 x 2.5 m shoulder width on either side)
(ii) For Light Vehicular Underpass the lateral clearance shall not be less
than 10.5 m including 1.5 m wide raised footpath on either side

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Final Detailed Project Report /Volume II (Part-1)/Chapter 2 – Design standards Highway Division
Document Ref: RITES/HW/RT300-00012/FDPR/Volume II (Part-1)/Chapter-2

(iii) For pedestrian and Cattle underpasses the lateral clearance shall not
be less than 7 m
(iv) Guard rails/crash barriers shall be provided for protection of vehicles
from colliding with the abutments and piers and the deck of the
structures

A minimum of 5.5m vertical clearance shall be provided at all points of the


carriageway and the service roads of the Project highway. Based on the recent site
inspection/advises by NHAI (CGM, PD/PIU Rajkot) on 7 Oct. 2017 the consultant at
some of the major junctions have proposed extra span of structure for the provision
of indirect “U” turn at flyover structure. The detail scheme of flyover/Junction
structures are deliberated in Chapter 07, “ Improvement Proposal” of Main Report.
Further, the recommended vertical clearances at Vehicular and Pedestrian / Cattle
underpass locations for the project are given below:
TABLE 2-14: MINIMUM VERTICAL CLEARANCES
Road Category Vertical Clearance (m)
Vehicular underpass 5.5
Light Vehicular Underpass 3.5
Pedestrian /Cattle Underpass 3.0

2.17. Standards for Interchange Elements

The design standards of the interchange elements viz. direct ramps, loops; speed
change lanes are given hereunder:

2.17.1. Speed, Radius and Sight Distance

The design standards of the interchange elements viz. direct ramps, loops; speed
change lanes shall be as per Indian Roads Congress Standards IRC: 92-1985. Design
speed of ramp corresponding to the highway design speeds of 80 Km/hr and 100
Km/hr is given in the following table:

TABLE 2-15: SPEED, HORIZONTAL CURVATURE AND SIGHT DISTANCE FOR RAMP DESIGN
Particulars Design values for Major Highway For Loop ramps
Design Speed of
80 Km/hr 100 Km/hr
Min. Desirable Min. Desirable Min. Desirable
Ramp design speed (Km/hr) 40 50 50 65 30 40
Radius of Curvature (m) 60 90 90 155 30 60
Stopping Sight Distance (m) 45 60 60 90 25 45

The desirable values are normally meant for Direct Ramps and diagonal connections,
whereas the minimum values are for loops.

2.17.2. Summit and Valley Curves

Both summit and valley curves would be designed as per stopping sight distance
subject to a minimum length equal to 0.6 V, where V = Design Speed in km/h.

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Detailed Project Report for Two / Four laning with paved shoulder NH configuration
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Final Detailed Project Report /Volume II (Part-1)/Chapter 2 – Design standards Highway Division
Document Ref: RITES/HW/RT300-00012/FDPR/Volume II (Part-1)/Chapter-2

2.18. Design of Project Highway Facility

Criteria for Suitability of Stretch

The primary factors considered for suitability of any stretch to be utilized as runway
are length of straight segment, cleared zone available on the sides and gradient etc.
The other factors that govern the execution of operations from these locations and
would depend on the distance from the IB / nearest IAF base, distance from
populated areas etc.

The following factors need to be considered while identifying such linear highway
stretches:
(a) Length: Availability of a linear stretch of road 3000-4000m long on a highway or
feasibility of creating such a stretch on planned highways.

(b) Width: The minimum width required is 35-45m (absolute minimum 23m).

(c) Strength: The highway has to be able to bear the load of high speed landing /
takeoff and operations of aircraft. The surface should be capable of supporting
operations of aircraft with weight upto 40 Tonnes.

(d) Gradient: Vertical gradient along the stretch should be less than 3.5% and
transverse slope from centre line to either side should be 1-1.5%.

(e) Medians: The medians in such stretches could be movable concrete blocks.
(f) Orientation: The orientation of the landing strip needs to cater for the surface
wind conditions. Wind direction for the greater part of the year should be within
±30 degree of the orientation of the road.

(g) Obstructions:
(i) These stretches are to be free from obstructions like medians, signboards,
trees, fencing, sidewalls, high tension cables, poles or any other
construction.
(ii) Approach and take-off funnel should also be devoid of obstructions.
(iii) Preferably the stretches are not to have any underpasses, overpasses,
culverts or bridges which do not confirm to load bearing strength.
(iv) There has to be fencing, catering for dog / cattle intrusion on either side,
which should be collapsible outwards when crashed into (in case of any
aircraft emergency), from the highway side.

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Detailed Project Report for Two / Four laning with paved shoulder NH configuration
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Gujarat under Bharat Mala Project.
Final Detailed Project Report /Volume II (Part-1)/Chapter 2 – Design standards Highway Division
Document Ref: RITES/HW/RT300-00012/FDPR/Volume II (Part-1)/Chapter-2

Design Considerations

The following design specifications have been finalised by SWAC, IAF for the
proposed Project Highway Facility:

SI. Design Desired Requirement


No. Specification
1 Pavement Type Rigid Pavement (Concrete)
2 Length of 3500 metres
Stretch
3 Width of Stretch  Overall width of Paved carriageway - 33m
 Width of High Strength pavement - 27 m
 Width of paved shoulder 3m on either side. It is recommended that
paved shoulder of airstrip should also be of high strength
pavement so that full 33 m is available for air operations.
4 Gradient Longitudinal gradient
Requirements  Maximum change of gradient 1.5%
 Rate of change of longitudinal gradient 0.167% per 30 m.
Vertical Curves
 Length of vertical curves 180 m for every change of 1% gradient
 Distance between two points of intersection of successive vertical
curves not less than 15000 m multiplied by the sum of percentage of
two successive gradients.
Transverse Gradient
 For pavement is 1 in 100
 For paved shoulders is 1 in 80
 For cleared zone after paved shoulders is 1 in 40.
5 PCN Value Minimum 50 PCN
6 Pavement Crust Concrete
Composition 350 mm minimum PQC (40M). The sub-grade should be 150 mm
DLC and two layers of granular sub-base.
7 Size of Parking  Parking facility required at both ends of the strip.
facility  Recommended dimensions 45 m x 180 m (minimum 30 m x 120 m
for 04 ac parking)
8 R/W Lighting Lighting not required
9 FOD/Bird menace No butchery or tannery within a radius of 10 kms around centre of strip
to avoid bird menace.
10 Obstructions  Free from obstructions like medians, signboards, trees, fencings,
sidewalls, high tension cables, poles and any other construction.
There should be collapsible fencing.
 Approach and take off tunnel should be devoid of obstructions
11 Exit Taxiway Not Applicable
12 Specifications of  First option would be mechanical medians. In case not possible
Medians medians/fencing on rollers (towable) is acceptable.
 Line marking on the road will be done by State authorities and on
parking area will be done by IAF.
13 Drainage  If open drain is within 50m of edge of landing strip, then drain is to
Specifications be covered and cover should be capable of supporting 25 tons.
 In case the ground water table is high or if it is higher during the
monsoon season, proper sub surface drainage is to be planned.

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Detailed Project Report for Two / Four laning with paved shoulder NH configuration
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Final Detailed Project Report /Volume II (Part-1)/Chapter 2 – Design standards Highway Division
Document Ref: RITES/HW/RT300-00012/FDPR/Volume II (Part-1)/Chapter-2

SI. Design Desired Requirement


No. Specification
Also, necessary precautions may be taken to prevent stagnation of
water on the stretch. The drainage system should be constructed
accordingly.
14 Distance to Go Three frangible distance to go markers with 9/0, M/M and 0/9 at least
Markers on one side of the airstrip.
15 Other Facilities  A set of four rooms of 15' x 12' dimensions with washroom
facilities, two on ground floor and two on first floor with ATC on
top floor at the same location where plinth for ATC is proposed.
 A link road of 6m width and 150m is proposed between ATC plinth
and airstrip. Dimensions of ATC Plinth would be 50 m x 50 m.

2.19. Heavy Rains in the Project Influence Area

Post Devastation – Design Repercussion

The Detailed Engineering Report for the indicated road section between Dwarka – Maliya
was submitted and designed during April 2017. While carrying out the Detailed Design of
project road, RITES have taken account of past rainfall details, its intensity and precipitation
to assess the hydraulics which are directly influenced with the design of cross drainages
such as Culverts, Minor Bridges along with due consideration to road formation assessment
to avoid any inundation/submergence possibilities.

However, in recent days (July 2017), heavy to extremely heavy rains battered entire
Saurashtra and Kutch region of Gujarat leading to massive flooding in Project Influence
Area and in Rajkot, Jamnagar, Limbdi, Morbi etc. The rainfall recorded has not only
surpassed the highest spell of rains recorded in last 10 years in the period of 24 hours but
also surpassed the monthly average rainfall, which is rarer natural incident. The recent rain
has caused great loss to infrastructure and severe damage to connectivity including various
National and State Highways.

Accordingly, the consultant, as an exceptional case and with due respect to good
engineering practice, has taken serious notes on the devastating flood like situation which
also affects the proposed improvement proposal of Project Road and immediately deployed
a team of experts to assess the condition. Based on findings, the consultant has modified
proposed improvement proposal so that the project road will be designed in more effective
manner to function in such scenario and serve the nation in all-weather condition.

Thus, the Road section 1: Dwarka – Khambhaliya – Devariya section of SH-25 has been
provided with additional cross drainage structures for smooth functioning and

Road section 2: Dhrol - Amran - Maliya section of SH-25 : It is noticed that majority of road
sections remains inundated and damaged. Most of the cross drainage structures experienced
overtopping. In order to address such issues, the consultant have carried out “Redesign of
Road profile” and “Structure” (Major & Minor Bridges) and cross drainage Culverts.

Based on the findings, the design of road and cross drainage structures are dealt in details in
“Chapter 07- Improvement Proposal of Main Report.”
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- Maliya" Road Sections in Gujarat under Bharat Mala Project.
Final Detailed Project Report /Volume II (Part-1)/Chapter 2 – Design standards Highway Division
Document Ref: RITES/HW/RT300-00012/FDPR/Volume II (Part-1)/Chapter-2

FIGURE 2-1: RITES/HW/RT300-00012/IR/TCS/01

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Detailed Project Report for Two / Four laning with paved shoulder NH configuration of "Dwarka - Khambhaliya - Devariya" & "Dhrol - Amran
- Maliya" Road Sections in Gujarat under Bharat Mala Project.
Final Detailed Project Report /Volume II (Part-1)/Chapter 2 – Design standards Highway Division
Document Ref: RITES/HW/RT300-00012/FDPR/Volume II (Part-1)/Chapter-2

FIGURE 2-2: RITES/HW/RT300-00012/IR/TCS/02

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Detailed Project Report for Two / Four laning with paved shoulder NH configuration of "Dwarka - Khambhaliya - Devariya" & "Dhrol - Amran
- Maliya" Road Sections in Gujarat under Bharat Mala Project.
Final Detailed Project Report /Volume II (Part-1)/Chapter 2 – Design standards Highway Division
Document Ref: RITES/HW/RT300-00012/FDPR/Volume II (Part-1)/Chapter-2

FIGURE 2-3: RITES/HW/RT300-00012/IR/TCS/03

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Detailed Project Report for Two / Four laning with paved shoulder NH configuration of "Dwarka - Khambhaliya - Devariya" & "Dhrol - Amran
- Maliya" Road Sections in Gujarat under Bharat Mala Project.
Final Detailed Project Report /Volume II (Part-1)/Chapter 2 – Design standards Highway Division
Document Ref: RITES/HW/RT300-00012/FDPR/Volume II (Part-1)/Chapter-2

FIGURE 2-4: RITES/HW/RT300-00012/IR/TCS/04

Revision Level: R0 October 2017 Page 29



Pavement Design

Chapter 3 – Pavement Design


Detailed Project Report for Two / Four laning with paved shoulder NH configuration
of "Dwarka - Khambhaliya - Devariya" & "Dhrol - Amran - Maliya" Road Sections in
Gujarat under Bharat Mala Project.
Final Detailed Project Report /Volume II (Part-1)/Chapter 3 – Pavement Design Highway Division
Document Ref: RITES/HW/RT300-00012/FDPR/Volume II (Part-1)/Chapter-3

Chapter 3 – Pavement Design

3.1. General

Based on the field studies and analysis of data, the improvement, rehabilitation and
upgrading requirements for Pavement of Project Road have been identified. The general
design procedure is to be based on the prevalent practices in the country. The pavement
design is based on and is carried out in accordance with IRC: 58 -2015 “Guidelines for the
Design of Plain Jointed Rigid Pavements for Highways”.

3.2. Factors governing Design

The main factors governing design of concrete pavements are given below:
• Design Period
• Design Commercial Traffic Volume
• Composition of Commercial Traffic in terms of Single, Tandem and Tridem
• Axle Load Spectrum
• Tyre Pressure
• Lateral Placement characteristics
• Directional Distribution
• Strength of Foundation
• Climatic Consideration

3.3. Axle load characteristics

Though the legal axle load limits in India are 10.2 tonnes (100kN), 19.0 tonnes (186kN) and
24.0 tonnes (235kN) for single, tandem and tridem axle respectively, a large number of axle
operating on National Highways carry much heavier loads than the legal limits. The
vehicles are surveyed on randomly basis to avoid bias and classified into following intervals
of axle load groups for fatigue damage analysis.
Single Axle 10Kn
Tandem Axle 20kn
Tridem Axle 30kn

3.4. Wheel base characteristics

Wheel base of trucks of different models generally ranges from 3.6m to more than 5.0m
whereas the commonly used spacing of transverse joint is 4.5m. Thus, axle with spacing of
more than the 4.5m will not contribute to top down cracking.
Revision Level: R0 October 2017 Page 31
Detailed Project Report for Two / Four laning with paved shoulder NH configuration
of "Dwarka - Khambhaliya - Devariya" & "Dhrol - Amran - Maliya" Road Sections in
Gujarat under Bharat Mala Project.
Final Detailed Project Report /Volume II (Part-1)/Chapter 3 – Pavement Design Highway Division
Document Ref: RITES/HW/RT300-00012/FDPR/Volume II (Part-1)/Chapter-3

In the present scenario adopted spacing of transverse joint is 4.5m.

3.5. Design Period

It has been recommended that pavements for National Highways should be designed for a
minimum life of 30 years or more.

In view of above, Design life of 30 years is proposed and adopted for project road
sections.

3.6. Traffic consideration

Lane width of 3.5m is proposed and adopted for project road sections.

Design Commercial Traffic volume (year 2050) as per traffic survey as below:
TABLE 3-1: CUMULATIVE NO. OF COMMERCIAL VEHICLE DURING DESIGN PERIOD
Section Cumulative No. of Commercial Vehicle during Design Period
I 28163765
II 62031750
III 82900990
IV 15229625
V 74712215

Adopted Composition of Commercial Traffic in terms of Single, Tandem and Tridem as


below:
TABLE 3-2: PERCENTAGE COMPOSITION OF TYPES OF AXLE
Type of axle % Composition
Section I Section II Section III Section IV Section V
Front Single(Steering) Axle 44 44 44 39 39
Rear Single Axle 21 21 21 24 24
Rear Tandem Axle 34 34 34 34 34
Rear Tridem Axle 1 1 1 3 3
Total 100 100 100 100 100

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Detailed Project Report for Two / Four laning with paved shoulder NH configuration
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Document Ref: RITES/HW/RT300-00012/FDPR/Volume II (Part-1)/Chapter-3

Axle Load Spectrum for different road section as per axle load survey as follows:
TABLE 3-3: AXLE LOAD SPECTRUM FOR SECTION I, SECTION II AND SECTION III
Single Axle Tandem Axle Tridem Axle
Axle Load No Frequency Axle Load No of Frequency Axle No of Frequency
Class KN of (% of Single Class KN axles (% of Load axles (% of
axle Axles) Tandem Class Tridem
s Axles) KN Axles)

185-195 0 0.00 380-400 0 0.00 530-560 0 0.00


175-185 0 0.00 360-380 3 0.63 500-530 0 0.00
165-175 0 0.00 340-360 2 0.42 470-500 0 0.00
155-165 2 0.66 320-340 3 0.63 440-470 0 0.00
145-155 2 0.66 300-320 5 1.04 410-440 0 0.00
135-145 7 2.30 280-300 4 0.83 380-410 0 0.00
125-135 5 1.64 260-280 13 2.71 350-380 0 0.00
115-125 9 2.96 240-260 16 3.33 320-350 1 5.56
105-115 15 4.93 220-240 32 6.67 290-320 3 16.67
95-105 13 4.28 200-220 34 7.08 260-290 5 27.78
85-95 16 5.26 180-200 63 13.13 230-260 1 5.56
<85 235 77.30 <180 305 63.54 <230 8 44.44
304 100 480 100 18 100

TABLE 3-4: AXLE LOAD SPECTRUM FOR SECTION IV AND SECTION V


Single Axle Tandem Axle Tridem Axle
Axle Load No of Frequency Axle Load No of Frequency Axle No of Frequency
Class KN axles (% of Class KN axles (% of Load axles (% of
Single Tandem Class Tridem
Axles) Axles) KN Axles)

185-195 0 0.00 380-400 1 0.20 530-560 0 0.00


175-185 1 0.28 360-380 0 0.00 500-530 0 0.00
165-175 0 0.00 340-360 0 0.00 470-500 0 0.00
155-165 0 0.00 320-340 3 0.61 440-470 0 0.00
145-155 1 0.28 300-320 0 0.00 410-440 0 0.00
135-145 3 0.85 280-300 5 1.02 380-410 0 0.00
125-135 7 1.99 260-280 7 1.43 350-380 1 2.50
115-125 7 1.99 240-260 16 3.28 320-350 0 0.00
105-115 6 1.71 220-240 8 1.64 290-320 2 5.00
95-105 12 3.42 200-220 7 1.43 260-290 1 2.50
85-95 21 5.98 180-200 6 1.23 230-260 6 15.00
<85 293 83.48 <180 435 89.14 <230 30 75.00
351 100 488 100 40 100

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Detailed Project Report for Two / Four laning with paved shoulder NH configuration
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Final Detailed Project Report /Volume II (Part-1)/Chapter 3 – Pavement Design Highway Division
Document Ref: RITES/HW/RT300-00012/FDPR/Volume II (Part-1)/Chapter-3

Tyre Pressure of 0.8 MPa is adopted for designing of proposed concrete pavement.
Proportion of traffic in predominant direction is 50% for four lane Highway. Directional
Distribution for commercial traffic: traffic counts indicates the 40 % of the commercial
vehicle travels during night hours (6 PM to 6AM) Average no of axles per commercial
vehicle is as follow:
TABLE 3-5: AVERAGE NO OF AXLES PER COMMERCIAL VEHICLE
Section Average no of axles per commercial vehicle
I 2.27
II 2.27
III 2.27
IV 2.57
V 2.57

Effective CBR of compacted Subgrade of 8 % is adopted for designing of Pavement.

Adopted maximum temperature differentials for Gujarat state for a slab thickness of 250mm
is 14.3o c as per table 1 of IRC: 58-2015.

For a given slab thickness and other design parameter, the pavement shall be checked for
cumulative bottom up cracking (BUC) and top down cracking (TDC).

If CFD (BUC) +CFD (TDC) ≤1, the pavement is safe from large scale cracking.

The design thickness may be increased by 10mm to

• To permit two retexturing and


• Grinding to rectify faulting during the service life.

3.7. Design of slab thickness

Based on previous inputs for a cement concrete slab (3.5mx4.5m) different trial thickness
have been tested for calculating cumulative fatigue damages for bottom up cracking analysis
and top down cracking analysis and results are summarized for different section as follow:
TABLE 3-6: CUMULATIVE FATIGUE DAMAGE VALUE FOR DIFFERENT TRIAL THICKNESS
Section I
CFD for BUC Case CFD for BUC Case
Due to Due to Due to Sum of
Slab Due to Due to
Rear Rear Rear Total BUC and Remarks
Thickness,m Tendem Total CFD Tendem
Single Single Tridem CFD TDC CFD
Axle Axle
Axle Axle Axle
200 2.335 1.076 3.411 0.196 1.008 0.001 1.205 4.616 Unsafe
210 0.674 0.274 0.948 0.074 0.368 0.000 0.442 1.390 Unsafe
220 0.218 0.077 0.294 0.027 0.145 0.000 0.171 0.465 Safe
Section II
CFD for BUC Case CFD for BUC Case
Due to Due to Due to Sum of
Slab Due to Due to
Rear Rear Rear Total BUC and Remarks
Thickness,m Tendem Total CFD Tendem
Single Single Tridem CFD TDC CFD
Axle Axle
Axle Axle Axle
Revision Level: R0 October 2017 Page 34
Detailed Project Report for Two / Four laning with paved shoulder NH configuration
of "Dwarka - Khambhaliya - Devariya" & "Dhrol - Amran - Maliya" Road Sections in
Gujarat under Bharat Mala Project.
Final Detailed Project Report /Volume II (Part-1)/Chapter 3 – Pavement Design Highway Division
Document Ref: RITES/HW/RT300-00012/FDPR/Volume II (Part-1)/Chapter-3

200 5.143 2.370 7.513 0.431 2.221 0.002 2.654 10.167 Unsafe
210 1.484 0.605 2.089 0.163 0.810 0.000 0.973 3.062 Unsafe
220 0.479 0.169 0.648 0.059 0.318 0.000 0.377 1.025 Unsafe
230 0.158 0.043 0.201 0.019 0.129 0.000 0.148 0.349 Safe
Section III
CFD for BUC Case CFD for BUC Case
Due to Due to Due to Sum of
Slab Due to Due to
Rear Rear Rear Total BUC and Remarks
Thickness,m Tendem Total CFD Tendem
Single Single Tridem CFD TDC CFD
Axle Axle
Axle Axle Axle
200 6.874 3.168 10.042 0.576 2.968 0.003 3.547 13.589 Unsafe
210 1.983 0.808 2.791 0.218 1.083 0.000 1.301 4.092 Unsafe
220 0.640 0.225 0.865 0.079 0.426 0.000 0.505 1.370 Unsafe
230 0.211 0.057 0.268 0.025 0.172 0.000 0.197 0.465 Safe
Section IV
CFD for BUC Case CFD for BUC Case
Due to Due to Due to Sum of
Slab Due to Due to
Rear Rear Rear Total BUC and Remarks
Thickness,m Tendem Total CFD Tendem
Single Single Tridem CFD TDC CFD
Axle Axle
Axle Axle Axle
180 82.906 12.893 95.799 1.198 3.965 0.015 5.178 100.977 Unsafe
190 11.697 1.947 13.644 0.338 1.013 0.005 1.356 15.000 Unsafe
200 2.250 0.385 2.635 0.113 0.321 0.002 0.436 3.071 Unsafe
210 0.552 0.091 0.643 0.041 0.115 0.000 0.156 0.799 Safe
Section V
CFD for BUC Case CFD for BUC Case
Due to Due to Due to Sum of
Slab Due to Due to
Rear Rear Rear Total BUC and Remarks
Thickness,mm Tendem Total CFD Tendem
Single Single Tridem CFD TDC CFD
Axle Axle
Axle Axle Axle
200 11.040 1.887 12.927 0.554 1.576 0.008 2.138 15.065 Unsafe
210 2.706 0.448 3.154 0.199 0.562 0.002 0.763 3.917 Unsafe
220 0.780 0.119 0.899 0.073 0.212 0.000 0.285 1.184 Unsafe
230 0.244 0.034 0.278 0.027 0.081 0.000 0.108 0.386 Safe

Revision Level: R0 October 2017 Page 35


Detailed Project Report for Two / Four laning with paved shoulder NH configuration
of "Dwarka - Khambhaliya - Devariya" & "Dhrol - Amran - Maliya" Road Sections in
Gujarat under Bharat Mala Project.
Final Detailed Project Report /Volume II (Part-1)/Chapter 3 – Pavement Design Highway Division
Document Ref: RITES/HW/RT300-00012/FDPR/Volume II (Part-1)/Chapter-3

3.8. Proposed and adopted pavement layers

Adopted pavement layers thickness for plain jointed cement concrete slab with tied concrete
shoulder with dowel bar across transverse joint (i.e. lane width of 3.5m and transverse joint
spacing 4.5m) are as follow:

TABLE 3-7: PAVEMENT LAYERS


Pavement Layer Pavement Layer Thickness (mm)
Pavement Quality Concrete (PQC) 300
Dry Lean Concrete (DLC) 150
Drainage Layer 150
Granular Sub-base as separation layer 150
Subgrade 500
*125 micron PVC sheet over DLC will be provided as a debonding layer.

3.9. Reinforcement details in proposed pavement

As per IRC: 58-2015, the details of reinforcement at construction joint and longitudinal joints
for a slab thickness of 250mm are given below.
TABLE 3-8: REINFORCEMENT DETAILS
Detail of Dowel Bar
Diameter Length Spacing
32mm 450mm 300mm
Detail of Tie Bar (Deformed)
Diameter Length Spacing
12mm 640mm 720mm

3.10. Pavement Composition in Service Road.

The existing section of the project road has intermediate / two lane configuration. Four lane
with / without Service Road facility have been proposed to cater the future traffic and to
reduce the congestion.

The design traffic for a Service Road is 10msa as per IRC:SP:84-2014 and the same has been
consider to design composition of Pavement Layers in case of Service Road stretches.

The bases and sub-bases have been designed for the full design life of 15-years while the
surfacing course has been designed for a life of 10 years.

Revision Level: R0 October 2017 Page 36


Detailed Project Report for Two / Four laning with paved shoulder NH configuration
of "Dwarka - Khambhaliya - Devariya" & "Dhrol - Amran - Maliya" Road Sections in
Gujarat under Bharat Mala Project.
Final Detailed Project Report /Volume II (Part-1)/Chapter 3 – Pavement Design Highway Division
Document Ref: RITES/HW/RT300-00012/FDPR/Volume II (Part-1)/Chapter-3

TABLE 3-9: PROPOSED PAVEMENT COMPOSITION: SERVICE ROAD


Type of Construction Pavement Composition
Material Type Thickness (mm)
New Construction BC/SDBC 40
DBM 60
Granular Base 250
GSB 200

TABLE 3-10: CUMULATIVE NO. OF COMMERCIAL VEHICLE (SECTION I: KURANGA TO LIMBDI)


Bus LCV Truck All Vehicle in Cumulative No.
Year of Commercial
Mini Full 2Axle 3Axle Artic Nos PCU
Vehicle
2016 48 126 90 31 127 272 2,414 3,689
Growth Rate (%) 5.85% 5.85% 6.50% 6.50% 6.50% 6.50%
2017 51 133 96 33 135 290 2,615 3,966
2018 54 141 102 35 144 309 2,834 4,266
2019 57 149 109 37 153 329 3,071 4,586
2020 60 158 116 39 163 350 3,329 4,932 3,23,390
2021 64 167 124 42 174 373 3,611 5,312 3,44,560
Growth Rate (%) 6.30% 6.30% 7.00% 7.00% 7.00% 7.00%
2022 68 178 133 45 186 399 3,939 5,749 3,68,285
2023 72 189 142 48 199 427 4,296 6,220 3,93,105
2024 77 201 152 51 213 457 4,689 6,736 4,20,115
2025 82 214 163 55 228 489 5,120 7,298 4,49,315
2026 87 227 174 59 244 523 5,589 7,903 4,79,610
Growth Rate (%) 5.40% 5.40% 6.00% 6.00% 6.00% 6.00%
2027 92 239 184 63 259 554 6,029 8,468 5,07,715
2028 97 252 195 67 275 587 6,506 9,078 5,37,645
2029 102 266 207 71 292 622 7,022 9,733 5,69,400
2030 108 280 219 75 310 659 7,578 10,434 6,02,615
2031 114 295 232 80 329 699 8,181 11,193 6,38,385
2032 120 311 246 85 349 741 8,832 12,007 6,75,980
2033 126 328 261 90 370 785 9,536 12,880 7,15,400
2034 133 346 277 95 392 832 10,298 13,820 7,57,375
2035 140 365 294 101 416 882 11,123 14,835 8,02,270
2036 148 385 312 107 441 935 12,015 15,926 8,49,720
2037 156 406 331 113 467 991 12,979 17,096 8,99,360
2038 164 428 351 120 495 1050 14,022 18,356 9,51,920
2039 173 451 372 127 525 1113 15,152 19,715 10,07,765
2040 182 475 394 135 557 1180 16,375 21,180 10,66,895
2041 192 501 418 143 590 1251 17,699 22,758 11,29,675
2042 202 528 443 152 625 1326 19,132 24,456 11,95,740
2043 213 557 470 161 663 1406 20,686 26,292 12,66,550
2044 225 587 498 171 703 1490 22,367 28,265 13,41,010
2045 237 619 528 181 745 1579 24,186 30,390 14,19,485
2046 250 652 560 192 790 1674 26,158 32,685 15,03,070
2047 264 687 594 204 837 1774 28,294 35,158 15,91,400
2048 278 724 630 216 887 1880 30,607 37,822 16,84,475
2049 293 763 668 229 940 1993 33,113 40,700 17,83,390
2050 309 804 708 243 996 2113 35,828 43,805 18,88,145
Total 2,81,63,765

Revision Level: R0 October 2017 Page 37


Detailed Project Report for Two / Four laning with paved shoulder NH configuration
of "Dwarka - Khambhaliya - Devariya" & "Dhrol - Amran - Maliya" Road Sections in
Gujarat under Bharat Mala Project.
Final Detailed Project Report /Volume II (Part-1)/Chapter 3 – Pavement Design Highway Division
Document Ref: RITES/HW/RT300-00012/FDPR/Volume II (Part-1)/Chapter-3

TABLE 3-11: CUMULATIVE NO. OF COMMERCIAL VEHICLE (SECTION II: LIMBDI TO KHAMBHALIYA)
Bus LCV Truck All Vehicle in Cumulative
No. of
Year
Mini Full 2Axle 3Axle Artic Nos PCU Commercial
Vehicle
2016 75 199 424 98 264 461 5,412 7,500
Growth Rate (%) 5.85% 5.85% 6.50% 6.50% 6.50% 6.50%
2017 79 211 452 104 281 491 5,859 8,065
2018 84 223 481 111 299 523 6,344 8,674
2019 89 236 512 118 318 557 6,869 9,329
2020 94 250 545 126 339 593 7,440 10,039 7,10,655
2021 99 265 580 134 361 632 8,059 10,805 7,55,915
Growth Rate (%) 6.30% 6.30% 7.00% 7.00% 7.00% 7.00%
2022 105 282 621 143 386 676 8,783 11,693 8,07,745
2023 112 300 664 153 413 723 9,574 12,657 8,63,225
2024 119 319 710 164 442 774 10,439 13,708 9,22,720
2025 126 339 760 175 473 828 11,383 14,845 9,85,865
2026 134 360 813 187 506 886 12,414 16,079 10,53,390
Growth Rate (%) 5.40% 5.40% 6.00% 6.00% 6.00% 6.00%
2027 141 379 862 198 536 939 13,380 17,228 11,15,075
2028 149 399 914 210 568 995 14,424 18,463 11,80,775
2029 157 421 969 223 602 1055 15,553 19,797 12,50,855
2030 165 444 1027 236 638 1118 16,771 21,225 13,24,220
2031 174 468 1089 250 676 1185 18,087 22,761 14,02,330
2032 183 493 1154 265 717 1256 19,508 24,412 14,84,820
2033 193 520 1223 281 760 1331 21,045 26,190 15,72,420
2034 203 548 1296 298 806 1411 22,705 28,102 16,65,130
2035 214 578 1374 316 854 1496 24,500 30,162 17,63,680
2036 226 609 1456 335 905 1586 26,440 32,376 18,67,705
2037 238 642 1543 355 959 1681 28,535 34,755 19,77,570
2038 251 677 1636 376 1017 1782 30,803 37,323 20,94,735
2039 265 714 1734 399 1078 1889 33,255 40,087 22,18,835
2040 279 753 1838 423 1143 2002 35,905 43,061 23,49,870
2041 294 794 1948 448 1212 2122 38,770 46,262 24,88,570
2042 310 837 2065 475 1285 2249 41,870 49,712 26,35,665
2043 327 882 2189 504 1362 2384 45,223 53,429 27,91,520
2044 345 930 2320 534 1444 2527 48,850 57,434 29,56,500
2045 364 980 2459 566 1531 2679 52,774 61,751 31,31,335
2046 384 1033 2607 600 1623 2840 57,021 66,406 33,16,755
2047 405 1089 2763 636 1720 3010 61,614 71,419 35,12,395
2048 427 1148 2929 674 1823 3191 66,586 76,828 37,20,080
2049 450 1210 3105 714 1932 3382 71,965 82,655 39,39,445
2050 474 1275 3291 757 2048 3585 77,789 88,944 41,71,950
Total 6,20,31,750

Revision Level: R0 October 2017 Page 38


Detailed Project Report for Two / Four laning with paved shoulder NH configuration
of "Dwarka - Khambhaliya - Devariya" & "Dhrol - Amran - Maliya" Road Sections in
Gujarat under Bharat Mala Project.
Final Detailed Project Report /Volume II (Part-1)/Chapter 3 – Pavement Design Highway Division
Document Ref: RITES/HW/RT300-00012/FDPR/Volume II (Part-1)/Chapter-3

TABLE 3-12: CUMULATIVE NO. OF COMMERCIAL VEHICLE (SECTION III: KHAMBHALIYA TO DEVARIYA)
Cumulative
Bus LCV Truck All Vehicle in
No. of
Year
Commercial
Mini Full 2Axle 3Axle Artic Nos PCU
Vehicle
2016 180 344 146 227 395 757 15,684 16,531
Growth Rate (%) 5.85% 5.85% 6.50% 6.50% 6.50% 6.50%
2017 191 364 155 242 421 806 17,016 17,850
2018 202 385 165 258 448 858 18,462 19,274
2019 214 408 176 275 477 914 20,036 20,824
2020 227 432 187 293 508 973 21,745 22,497 9,56,300
2021 240 457 199 312 541 1036 23,601 24,308 10,16,525
Growth Rate (%) 6.30% 6.30% 7.00% 7.00% 7.00% 7.00%
2022 255 486 213 334 579 1109 25,776 26,427 10,86,240
2023 271 517 228 357 620 1187 28,155 28,736 11,60,700
2024 288 550 244 382 663 1270 30,756 31,250 12,39,905
2025 306 585 261 409 709 1359 33,601 33,992 13,24,585
2026 325 622 279 438 759 1454 36,715 36,984 14,15,105
Growth Rate (%) 5.40% 5.40% 6.00% 6.00% 6.00% 6.00%
2027 343 656 296 464 805 1541 39,636 39,782 14,98,325
2028 362 691 314 492 853 1633 42,792 42,794 15,85,925
2029 382 728 333 522 904 1731 46,204 46,045 16,79,000
2030 403 767 353 553 958 1835 49,890 49,548 17,77,185
2031 425 808 374 586 1015 1945 53,875 53,324 18,80,845
2032 448 852 396 621 1076 2062 58,184 57,402 19,91,075
2033 472 898 420 658 1141 2186 62,844 61,802 21,07,875
2034 497 946 445 697 1209 2317 67,880 66,541 22,30,515
2035 524 997 472 739 1282 2456 73,330 71,665 23,61,550
2036 552 1051 500 783 1359 2603 79,221 77,189 24,99,520
2037 582 1108 530 830 1441 2759 85,595 83,157 26,46,250
2038 613 1168 562 880 1527 2925 92,488 89,599 28,01,375
2039 646 1231 596 933 1619 3101 99,947 96,558 29,65,990
2040 681 1297 632 989 1716 3287 1,08,014 1,04,068 31,39,730
2041 718 1367 670 1048 1819 3484 1,16,742 1,12,178 33,23,690
2042 757 1441 710 1111 1928 3693 1,26,186 1,20,941 35,18,600
2043 798 1519 753 1178 2044 3915 1,36,407 1,30,413 37,25,555
2044 841 1601 798 1249 2167 4150 1,47,465 1,40,643 39,44,190
2045 886 1687 846 1324 2297 4399 1,59,431 1,51,694 41,75,235
2046 934 1778 897 1403 2435 4663 1,72,382 1,63,639 44,20,150
2047 984 1874 951 1487 2581 4943 1,86,400 1,76,550 46,79,300
2048 1037 1975 1008 1576 2736 5240 2,01,574 1,90,508 49,53,780
2049 1093 2082 1068 1671 2900 5554 2,18,000 2,05,598 52,44,320
2050 1152 2194 1132 1771 3074 5887 2,35,782 2,21,912 55,51,650
Total 8,29,00,990

Revision Level: R0 October 2017 Page 39


Detailed Project Report for Two / Four laning with paved shoulder NH configuration
of "Dwarka - Khambhaliya - Devariya" & "Dhrol - Amran - Maliya" Road Sections in
Gujarat under Bharat Mala Project.
Final Detailed Project Report /Volume II (Part-1)/Chapter 3 – Pavement Design Highway Division
Document Ref: RITES/HW/RT300-00012/FDPR/Volume II (Part-1)/Chapter-3

TABLE 3-13: CUMULATIVE NO. OF COMMERCIAL VEHICLE (SECTION IV: DHROL TO BHADRA PATIYA )
Bus LCV Truck All Vehicle in Cumulative
No. of
Year
Mini Full 2Axle 3Axle Artic Nos PCU Commercial
Vehicle
2016 16 77 126 82 34 42 3,768 3,278
Growth Rate (%) 5.85% 5.85% 6.50% 6.50% 6.50% 6.50%
2017 17 82 134 87 36 45 4,087 3,547
2018 18 87 143 93 38 48 4,434 3,840
2019 19 92 152 99 40 51 4,809 4,152
2020 20 97 162 105 43 54 5,217 4,492 1,75,565
2021 21 103 173 112 46 58 5,662 4,867 1,87,245
Growth Rate (%) 6.30% 6.30% 7.00% 7.00% 7.00% 7.00%
2022 22 109 185 120 49 62 6,180 5,298 1,99,655
2023 23 116 198 128 52 66 6,746 5,767 2,12,795
2024 24 123 212 137 56 71 7,366 6,285 2,27,395
2025 26 131 227 147 60 76 8,045 6,852 2,43,455
2026 28 139 243 157 64 81 8,786 7,465 2,59,880
Growth Rate (%) 5.40% 5.40% 6.00% 6.00% 6.00% 6.00%
2027 30 147 258 166 68 86 9,482 8,045 2,75,575
2028 32 155 273 176 72 91 10,232 8,666 2,91,635
2029 34 163 289 187 76 96 11,041 9,335 3,08,425
2030 36 172 306 198 81 102 11,917 10,062 3,26,675
2031 38 181 324 210 86 108 12,863 10,845 3,45,655
2032 40 191 343 223 91 114 13,885 11,689 3,65,730
2033 42 201 364 236 96 121 14,988 12,600 3,86,900
2034 44 212 386 250 102 128 16,181 13,585 4,09,530
2035 46 223 409 265 108 136 17,470 14,650 4,33,255
2036 48 235 434 281 114 144 18,863 15,799 4,58,440
2037 51 248 460 298 121 153 20,370 17,046 4,85,815
2038 54 261 488 316 128 162 21,998 18,388 5,14,285
2039 57 275 517 335 136 172 23,759 19,843 5,44,580
2040 60 290 548 355 144 182 25,661 21,410 5,76,335
2041 63 306 581 376 153 193 27,719 23,109 6,10,280
2042 66 323 616 399 162 205 29,944 24,947 6,46,415
2043 70 340 653 423 172 217 32,349 26,929 6,84,375
2044 74 358 692 448 182 230 34,949 29,071 7,24,160
2045 78 377 734 475 193 244 37,761 31,391 7,66,865
2046 82 397 778 504 205 259 40,803 33,903 8,12,125
2047 86 418 825 534 217 275 44,091 36,615 8,59,575
2048 91 441 875 566 230 292 47,650 39,554 9,10,675
2049 96 465 928 600 244 310 51,499 42,734 9,64,695
2050 101 490 984 636 259 329 55,663 46,173 10,21,635
Total 1,52,29,625

Revision Level: R0 October 2017 Page 40


Detailed Project Report for Two / Four laning with paved shoulder NH configuration
of "Dwarka - Khambhaliya - Devariya" & "Dhrol - Amran - Maliya" Road Sections in
Gujarat under Bharat Mala Project.
Final Detailed Project Report /Volume II (Part-1)/Chapter 3 – Pavement Design Highway Division
Document Ref: RITES/HW/RT300-00012/FDPR/Volume II (Part-1)/Chapter-3

TABLE 3-14: CUMULATIVE NO. OF COMMERCIAL VEHICLE (SECTION V: BHADRA PATIYA TO PIPALIYA)
Bus LCV Truck All Vehicle in Cumulative No.
Year of Commercial
Mini Full 2Axle 3Axle Artic Nos PCU
Vehicle
2016 14 49 159 107 323 1145 2,926 7,704
Growth Rate (%) 5.85% 5.85% 6.50% 6.50% 6.50% 6.50%
2017 15 52 169 114 344 1219 3,144 8,226
2018 16 55 180 121 366 1298 3,377 8,781
2019 17 58 192 129 390 1382 3,629 9,378
2020 18 61 204 137 415 1472 3,899 10,013 8,42,055
2021 19 65 217 146 442 1568 4,192 10,699 8,96,805
Growth Rate (%) 6.30% 6.30% 7.00% 7.00% 7.00% 7.00%
2022 20 69 232 156 473 1678 4,531 11,485 9,59,220
2023 21 73 248 167 506 1795 4,897 12,327 10,25,650
2024 22 78 265 179 541 1921 5,295 13,237 10,97,190
2025 23 83 284 192 579 2055 5,727 14,214 11,73,840
2026 24 88 304 205 620 2199 6,195 15,265 12,55,600
Growth Rate (%) 5.40% 5.40% 6.00% 6.00% 6.00% 6.00%
2027 25 93 322 217 657 2331 6,629 16,233 13,30,425
2028 26 98 341 230 696 2471 7,094 17,262 14,09,630
2029 27 103 361 244 738 2619 7,594 18,359 14,93,580
2030 28 109 383 259 782 2776 8,131 19,530 15,83,005
2031 30 115 406 275 829 2943 8,708 20,780 16,78,270
2032 32 121 430 292 879 3120 9,328 22,112 17,79,010
2033 34 128 456 310 932 3307 9,994 23,531 18,85,955
2034 36 135 483 329 988 3505 10,706 25,038 19,98,740
2035 38 142 512 349 1047 3715 11,471 26,643 21,18,095
2036 40 150 543 370 1110 3938 12,293 28,358 22,45,115
2037 42 158 576 392 1177 4174 13,176 30,183 23,79,435
2038 44 167 611 416 1248 4424 14,125 32,131 25,22,150
2039 46 176 648 441 1323 4689 15,143 34,204 26,72,895
2040 48 186 687 467 1402 4970 16,237 36,413 28,32,400
2041 51 196 728 495 1486 5268 17,413 38,771 30,01,760
2042 54 207 772 525 1575 5584 18,679 41,290 31,81,705
2043 57 218 818 557 1670 5919 20,039 43,976 33,72,235
2044 60 230 867 590 1770 6274 21,500 46,837 35,73,715
2045 63 242 919 625 1876 6650 23,070 49,887 37,86,875
2046 66 255 974 663 1989 7049 24760 53,148 40,13,540
2047 70 269 1032 703 2108 7472 26579 56,628 42,53,710
2048 74 284 1094 745 2234 7920 28535 60,340 45,08,115
2049 78 299 1160 790 2368 8395 30640 64,303 47,77,850
2050 82 315 1230 837 2510 8899 32905 68,535 50,63,645
Total 7,47,12,215

Revision Level: R0 October 2017 Page 41

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