Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
SUBJECT: MATHEMATICS
CLASS :XII
1
TOPIC 1
RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS
(i) Domain , Co domain & Range of a relation
LEVEL I
1. Domain :{ 3, 4, 5}; Range ={3, 4, 5} ; Co-domain={1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
2.
2. Types of relations
LEVEL II
1. Sol: Not reflexive
2.
3.
2
4.
(i)
But
5.
LEVEL III
1.
(i)
3
(ii)
(ii)
2. (i)
(1)
(2)
3.
4
Let B be the set of all the polygons related to the right angled triangle T with sides 3, 4,
5.Therefore set B contains all polygons with three sides.
4. Sol:
5
5. Sol:
Adding
6
.
7
2. Sol:
3. Sol:
4. Sol:
8
5. Sol:
6.
LEVEL II
1. .yes, f is one-one
2.
9
3.
c
a
a
a b
b
b a b
c I c II III IV V VI
10
.
11
LEVEL III
1.
T.P.
2.
12
Hence proved
3. Sol:
13
4.
14
(iv) Composition of functions
LEVEL I
1.
2.
LEVEL II
1. Sol:
15
2.
3.
4. As g f (x)= f g(x)
1 1
5. As f(x) = 3 x3 3 , 3 x3 3 .
6.
(v)Binary Operations
LEVEL I
1. Sol:
2. Sol:
3. Sol:
16
4. Sol:
LEVEL II
1. Sol:
b)
2.
17
3. Sol:
From I & II
LEVEL III
1.
18
.
3.
* 0 1 2 3 4 5
0 0 1 2 3 4 5
1 1 2 3 4 5 0
2 2 3 4 5 0 1
3 3 4 5 0 1 2
4 4 5 0 1 2 3
5 5 0 1 2 3 4
19
Hence 0 is the identity element
20
TOPIC 2
INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
cosy =
cosy =cos
y=
sin y= -
sin y = -sin
sin y =sin(
y= ( { }
tan y =
tan y = - tan
tan y = tan (
y=
21
cosy =
cosy =
cosy = cos( )
cosy =
y= (
LEVEL II
2π 2π
1. cos 1 cos sin 1 sin
3 3
2π π
sin 1 sin π
3 3
2π π
sin 1 sin
3 3
2π π
π
3 3
4π
2. sin 1 sin
5
Sol: =
=
3.
Sol: =
22
=
LEVEL I
1. Sol:
2: 3
Sol: R.H.S =
= sin3 )
3. Find x if sec1 2 cos ec 1x
π
2
Sol:
Or
23
LEVEL II
1. Put
= =
8 3 77
2. sin 1 sin 1 tan 1
17 5 36
Sol: Let
=
= =
= =
24
=
1 1 1 1 π
3. tan 1 tan 1 tan 1 tan 1 .
3 5 7 8 4
1 1 1 1 1
. L.H .S . tan tan 1 tan 1 tan 1
3 5 7 8
1 1
4. L.H.S. 2 tan 1 tan 1
2 7
1
2
tan 1 2 tan 1 1
1 1 7
4
1
1
tan 1 tan 1
3 7
4
25
4 1
tan 1 tan 1
3 7
4 1
tan 1 3 7
1 4 1
3 7
31
1 21
tan
17
21
31
tan 1
17
LEVEL III
1 sin x 1 sin x x
1. cot 1 , x 0,
1 sin x 1 sin x 2 4
Sol: L.H.S =
= = =R.H.S
1 x 1 x 1
2. tan 1 cos 1 x
4 2
1 x 1 x
26
Sol:
Put
3. tan1 2x tan1 3x π / 4
Sol:
27
Sol:
x 1 x 1 π
5. tan 1 tan 1
x2 x2 4
Sol:
28
TOPIC -3
MATRICES & DETERMINANTS
(i). Order, Addition, Multiplication and transpose of matrices:
LEVEL I
1. The possible orders:
2.
3.
LEVEL II
1. We have A= , B=
AT = BT =
AisoAB = and BT AT =
= =
29
LEVEL III
.
1.
2. We have
30
3. Step1:
Step 3:
31
LEVEL II
1.
2.
LEVEL I
1.
2.
3.
LEVEL II
1.
32
(ii)To find :
LEVEL III
1. Let
Let
As we know,
33
2. . x + 2y - 3z = - 4 , 2x + 3y + 2z = 2, 3x - 3y – 4z = 11
( =
3. Given
34
4. Put
Let
35
5. We know that A = IA
1.
2.
3.
4. The given matrix is a singular matrix if
36
LEVEL II
2.
LEVEL III
1.
2.
(v).Properties of Determinants
LEVEL I
1.
2.
LEVEL II
1. Sol:
Operate
37
Hence Proved
2. Solu. Operate
Operate
3.
38
LEVEL III
1. (a) = 0
b. = 0
39
2.
40
4. L.H.S
Taking (
41
=
5.
6. Multiply
42
Taking common from C1,C2, C3
2
2
7. = 2abc( a + b + c)3
2
2
2
Solu:
2
2
43
2 2
2 2
2 2 2
2
2
q q
1
p p
r r
8. If p, q, r are not in G.P and 1 0, show that p 2 2p r 0 .
q q
p q q r 0
Apply
44
9. L.H.S: Operate
Expand with R1
Given Either
45
TOPIC 4
CONTINUITY AND DIFFRENTIABILITY
LEVEL I
2.Continuity
1:- = x2+5
=6
= 6
L.H.L. = R.H.L. =
2. =
3. = 4x
It is continuous,
46
LEVEL II.
L.H.L. =k = 4k
R.H.L. = 3
(2) = 4k
4k= 3
Q3 Sol.
4. If 4. ) = lim
h 0
= lim
h 0
= 3 lim
h 0
= 3
R.H.L. = lim lim
h 0 h 0
47
f(0) = 1
L.H.L.= R.H.L.
LEVEL III
1.
Sol: Given
= lim
x 0
= lim
x 0
= lim lim
x 0 x 0
2. Solu.. lim
x 0
2 x 3sin x
3x 2sin x
Given that
L.H.L =
L.H.L =
= =
48
sin x x cos x
, when x 0
4. f(x)= x
k , when x 0.
L.H.L =
L.H.L =
3.Differentiation
LEVEL I
As
2:
Sol: Put
Differentiate w.r.t
3
Sol: Taking log on both sides
49
Differentiate w.r.t
LEVEL II
1.
Sol :
2:
Sol: Put
3. Sol:
Again Differentiate w.r.t
we get,
50
On solving eq we get,
= 0 =R.H.S
Hence proved
4:
Differentiate w.r.t t
Differentiate w.r.t t
…………. i
LEVEL III
1.Find1:
Sol: Put
51
Differentiate w.r.t
Differentiate w.r.t
3:
52
=
4. Sol:
4.Logrithmic Differentiation
LEVEL I
Q1. Sol:
=
Q2Sol:
53
LEVEL II.
Q1 Sol:
On differentiating we get,
Q2 Sol:
dy
dx
LEVEL III
dy y
Q1.If x p .y q ( x y) pq , prove that
dx x
Sol:
On differentiating
54
Q2 Sol: Let u = v=
Taking log
Differentiating we get,
Taking
Q3 Sol:
Taking log, we get
5 Parametric Differentiation
LEVEL-II
Q1Sol
Differentiating we get,
Q2 Sol. x = a cos log tan and y a sin
2
55
Q 3 Sol. x = tan
On differentiating we get,
On differentiating we get
56
On differentiating we get,
On differentiating we get,
+ = c2
3/2
dy
2
1
dx
d2 y
dx 2 is constant independent of x.
1.It is given that for the function f(x)=x3 - 6x2 + px + q on[1,3] , Rolle’s theorem holds with
1
c=2+ . Find the values p and q.
3
Sol:
57
2
Also
Thus
Now we have to show that
s.t
Also
Thus
Now we have to show that
s.t
As
58
TOPIC 5
APPLICATIONS OF DERIVATIVES
1. Rate of change
LEVEL –I
1. Diameter (2x 3) r 2x 3
3 3
2 4
3
4 3
V π 2x 3 π2x 33
9
3 4 16
B x y O
59
CD y 2 y
AB x y 6 xy
1
y x
2
dy 1 dx 1
x
dt 2 dt 2
dy
3 km / hr
dt
dx dy
3. 3.5cm / sec, 3cm / sec
dt dt
A xy
dA dy dx
x y 3x 3.5y
dt dt dt
dA
36 28 8 cm 2 / sec
dt x 12
y 8
LEVEL III
dy dx
1. 6 y x 3 2, 6 3x 2
dt dt
dx dx dy dx
68 3x 2 dt 8 dt
dt dt
x 2 16 x 4
31
y 11,
3
31
Po int s are 4 , 11, 4 ,
4
dV
2. 5 cm 3 / sec, r 10, h 20
dt
h r h
r
20 10 2
1 1
V πr 2 h πh 3
3 12
dV 1 2 dh dh 4
πh cm / sec
dt 4 dt dt h 15 45π
60
dV
3. r 10 cm, h 50 cm, 10 ml / sec
dt
V πr 2 h 100πh
dV dh
100π
dt dt
10 dh dh 1
100π dt dt 10π
2. Increasing & decreasing functions
LEVEL I
1. 3 2
f ( x ) x 6x 18x 5 f ( x ) 3x 2 12x 18
3x 22 6 0 x
2. f (x) x 2 x 1 f ( x ) 2x 1
1
f ( x ) 0 x
2
1
0 x f ( x ) 0 f ( x ) is
2
1
x 1 f ( x ) 0 f ( x ) is
2
Function is neither increasing nor decreasing in (0 , 1)
3. f ( x ) cos x sin x 0 tan x 1
3π 7 π
x ,
4 4
3π
For 0 x , f ( x ) 0 f ( x ) is
4
3π 7π
For x , f ( x ) 0 f ( x ) is
4 4
7π
For x π, f ( x ) 0 f ( x ) is
4
LEVEL II
1. f ( x ) cos x, f ( x ) sin x
For 0 x π, f ( x ) 0 f ( x ) is
x cos x sin x
2. f ( x ) 0
x2
as x cos x sin x 0, x (o , π / 2) and x 2 0
sin x
f (x) is strictly decrea sin g in (o , π / 2)
x
61
1 log x
3. f x 0 1 log x 0 xe
x2
f ( x ) is in 0 , e and in (e , )
LEVEL III
1 1
1. f ( x ) 4x 0 4x 2 1 x , x0
x 2
For x ( - , - 1/2), f (x) , 0
For x (- ½ , 0) , f (x) 0
For x ( 0,1/2) f (x) , 0
For x For x ( ½ , ), f (x) 0
f(x) is in (- ½ , 0) U ( ½ , ) and in ( - , - 1/2) U ( 0,1/2)
3. Tangents &Normals
LEVEL-I
dy 3x
1. 3x 2 y 2 8
dx y
y
Slope of normal
3x
1
Slope of line
3
y 1
xy
3x 3
x y 2
Equation of normal is y 2
1
x 2 x 3y 8 0
3
y 2 x 2
1
and x 3y 8 0
3
62
dy
2. y x2 2x
dx
2x x x 0, y 0
point is (0 , 0)
dy dy
3. x 2 y 2 2x 4 y 1 0 2x 2 y 24 0
dx dx
dy 1 x
dx y 2
dy 1 x
Tangent is parallel to x axis 0 0
dx y2
x 1 and y 0,4
Po int s are (1, 0) and 1 , 4
LEVEL-II
dy 3x 2
1. ay 2 x 3
dx 2ay
3
Slope of tan gent at (am 2 am 3 ) m
2
2
Slope of normal at (am 2 am 3 ) m
3
Equation of normal is y am 3
2
3m
x am 2
i.e. 2x 3my 3am 4 2am 2 0
2. y 2x 2 3x 18 .............(1)
dy
4x 3
dx
Let the point be x1 , y1
Slope at this point is 4x1 3 and equation of tan gent is
y y1 (4x1 3)x x1
it passes through 0 , 0
y1 x1 (4x1 3)................2
Also x1 , y1 lies on y 2x 2 3x 18
y1 2x12 3x1 18.............3
From 2 and 3 x1 3 and y1 45,27
Po int s are 3 , 45 and 3 , 27
63
dy
3. y x 3 2x 6 3x 2 2
dx
1
Slope of normal is
3x 2 2
1
Slope of line is
14
1 1
x 2 y 18,6
14 3x 2 2
Po int s are (2 ,18) 2 , 6
LEVEL- III
dy 5
1. y 5x 3 2
dx 2 5x 3
Slope of line is 2
5 73 3
2 x , y
2 5x 3 80 4
73 3
Po int is ,
80 4
3 73
Equation of tan gent is y 2 x 80x 40 y 103 0
4 80
2. Solving x 2 y 2 2x 0 ...............(i)
and x 2 y 2 2 y 0 ................(ii ) we get x y
dy dy 1 x
Differentiating (i) w. r. t. x, 2x 2 y 2 0 at (0 , 0)
dx dx y
tan gent is parallel to y axis
dy dy dy x
Differentiating (ii ) w. r. t. x, 2 x 2 y 2 0 0 .at (0 , 0).
dx dx dx y 1
tan gent is parallel to x axis
curves are orthogonal
x2 y2
3. 1
a2 b2
2x 2 y dy dy b 2 x
Differentiating w. r. t. x 0 ..........(i)
2
a b 2 dx dx a 2 y
xy c 2
dy dy y
Differentiating w. r. t. x x y0 ............(ii )
dx dx x
64
Since curves cut orthogonally product of slopes 1
b2 x y
1 b2 a 2
2 y x
a
4. Approximations
LEVEL-I
1 Sol:
To find
From (i)
Q2 Sol:
Let
From (i)
Q3 Sol:
65
To find
LEVEL II
1. In right triangle x 2 y 2 h 2
1 1
Area xy x h 2 x 2
2 2
dA 1 x (2x ) 1 h 2 2x 2
h2 x2
dx 2 2 h 2 x 2 2 h 2 x 2
dA h h
For max . or min . 0 h 2 2x 2 0 x ,y
dx 2 2
66
2
2 2 2 2
h x .(4x ) h 2x
2x
d A 1
2 h2 x2
dx 2 2 h2 x2
1 4x h 2 x 2 x h 2 2x 2 1 4x(x 2 ) 0 2x 2 h 2
2
h 2 2x 2
3/ 2
2 x3
2 0
Area is maximum when triangle is issosceles
2. Let one piece x
other piece 28 x
Let x unit be made into a circle and that 28 - x be made into a square
x
2πr x r
2π
2
x x2
Area of circle π
2π 4π
28 x
Side of the square
4
2
28 x
Area of the square
4
2
x 2 28 x
Total area A
4π 4
dA x 28 x
dx 2π 8
dA x 28 x 28π
For max . or min . 0 x
dx 2π 8 4 π
d 2A 1 1
0
dx 2 2π 8
28π 28π 112
A is min when x and other part 28
4π 4π 4 π
3. Let r units be the radius of the semicircle and h units be the side AD of the rectangle
2h +2r + = 10
= 10- 2r –
Area= 2rh+
67
=2r
=10r – 2 -
= 10-4r-
D C
10-4r- = 0 r
r (4+ )=10
r=
= - 4- =- ( ) <0
A has local maximum when r=
Length = 2r = m
h= =
A 2r B
LEVEL III
1.
B(x , y)
(-a , 0)A L
68
x2 y2
1.Let ellipse be 1 and B be ( x , y)
a 2 b2
Then BC 2 y and AL a x
A .2 y.a x a x y a x .
1 b 2
a x2
2 a
a x 3 / 2 a x 1 / 2 ..............(i)
b
a
dA b
a x 3 / 2 . (1) a x 1 / 2 . a x 1 / 2
1 3
dx a 2 ax 2
b a 2x
a x
a ax
dA a
For max .area 0 x
dx 2
d 2A
0
dx 2
3/ 2 1/ 2
b 3a a 3 3
A Max ab sq.units
a 2 2 4
2.
S.A of box=
Volume of box=
V=
69
3. Perimeter of window =12cm
b b
bb
l l l
70
71
TOPIC-6
INDEFINITE & DEFINITE INTEGRALS
= tan(logx) + C
1
e m tan x
Q2. dx
1 x2
Sol: put m
=
=
1 x
e sin
2
dx
1 x
Sol. Put
LEVEL II
Q1.
Sol. Put
= 2 log(1+
Q2.
72
Sol. put
LEVEL III
Q1.
Sol.
73
Q2.
Sol.
Q3.
dt =
= +C
LEVEL I
Q1.
Sol.
74
Q2. dx
Sol. [ ]
Q3.
Sol. =
LEVEL II
Q1.
Sol. =
Q2.
Sol.
75
=
LEVEL III
Q1.
Sol.
Q2. dx
Sol.
76
(iii) Integration using standard results
LEVEL I
Q1.
Sol.
Q2.
Sol.
Q3.
Sol. .
= =
LEVEL II
Q1.
Sol. Put
77
Q2
Sol. Put
Q3.
Sol. =
LEVEL III
Q1.
Sol.
78
Now,
= +c
Q2
Sol.
Q3
Sol. Let
79
-
1 5
= x 2 5x 6 log x x 2 5x 6 +C
2 2
Q4
Sol. =
Q5
Sol.
+B =
80
Put
(1) =6
Sol.
81
Q3
Sol.
LEVEL II
Q1. =
Sol. Let = 1+
dx ……………. 1
Where
82
= =
3 1
x
5 27 2 2 C
x log
2 2 3 1
x
2 2
5 27 x2
x log C
2 2 x 1
Q2.
Sol. Let
Q3. dx
83
Sol.
LEVEL III
Q1.
Sol.
dx -
Q2.
84
Sol.
= =
+C
+C
+C
Q3.
Sol. I=
( )+(
1=
85
(v) Integration by Parts
LEVEL I
Q1.
Sol.
Q2.
Sol.
Q3
Sol. Since
Here,
86
LEVEL II
Q1.
Sol.
Q2.
Sol.
Put
87
Q3
Sol.
Q4
Sol.
Q5. xdx
Sol. I= xdx=
x dx+
88
2I=
I=
LEVEL III
Q1.
Sol.
I=
Q2
Sol. =
[ ]
Q3
Sol.
Q4.
89
Sol.
Q5
Sol. Let I =
sin3x
I=
LEVEL I
Q1.
Sol. +
90
Q2. dx
Sol. 2
=2[
LEVEL II
Q1.
Sol.
dx
Q2.
Sol.
LEVEL III
Q1.
Sol. Let
91
dx +
Q2.
Sol. Let
92
Definite Integrals
(i) Definite Integrals based upon types of indefinite integrals
LEVEL-I
Q1.
Sol.
log6 +
Q2.
Sol.
Q3.
Sol. Put
93
=[
LEVEL-II
Q1. dx
Sol.
(log15-log8)+ (log
Q2.
Sol.
94
Sol. We divide the interval [0,2] in n-equal sub interval each of length h.
Here,
………………………………………………………………………….
Q2
Sol. .
Here,
………………………………………………………………………….
95
LEVEL II
Q1.
Sol. . .
Here,
………………………………………………………………………….
+2
Q2.
Sol. .
Here,
………………………………………………………………………….
96
(iii) Properties of definite Integrals
LEVEL I
/2
tan x
Q1. 1 tan x
dx
0
Sol.
……….. 1
I= dx …….. 2
2I=
Q2.
Sol.Let I= …………. 1
………….. 2
Adding (1) & (2) we get,
2I=
Q3 .
97
= ……….. 2
LEVEL II
Q1.
……….. 2
2I= = =
Q2.
98
Q3.
…………….. 2
Adding (1) & (2) we get,
2I=
99
Q4.
Sol.Let I=
…………….. 1
…………. 2
2I= =
LEVEL III
Q2.
100
=
101
Q3.
Sol.I=
= dx
2I= =log2( =
102
=
Q2.
Sol. W
Q3.
Sol.
103
TOPIC-7
APPLICATION OF INTEGRATION
B(5,0) X
Q2. Sketch the region {(x, y) : 4x2 + 9y2 = 36} and find its area, using
integration.
Sol. we have, 4x2 + 9y2 = 36
104
A(0,2)
B(3,0) X
[
(ii) Area of the region enclosed between Parabola and line
LEVEL II
Q1. Find the area of the region included between the parabola y2 = x and the
line x + y = 2.
Sol. Y y2 = x
A(1,1)
(0,1) X
B(4,-2)
(0,-2) x+y=2
105
Q2.Find the area of the region bounded by x2 = 4y, y = 2, y = 4 and the y-axis
in the first quadrant.
Sol. Y
y=4 x2 = 4y
y=2
O X
106
The points of intersection of y = x2+ 1 and y = x + 1 are points P(0, 1) and Q(1, 2). From the Fig , the
required region is the shaded region OPQRSTO whose area
= area of the region OTQPO + area of the region TSRQT
Sol. Y
A(0,5)
C X
O
B(4,0)
107
(iv) Area of the region enclosed between Circle and line
Level II
Q1. Find the area of the region in the first quadrant enclosed by the x-axis, the
line y = x and the circle x2 + y2 = 32
Sol. The point of intersection of circle x2 + y2 = 32 and line y = x.
is (4,4) Y
y=x
C(4,4)
B(4 X
O
(0-8) +16( )
Sq. units
108
LEVEL III
Q1. Find the area of the region : (x , y) : x 2 y 2 1 x y
Sol.
Y
B(0,1)
A(1,0) X
Req area =
109
(vi) Area of the region enclosed between Two Circles
LEVEL III
Q1. Find the area bounded by the curves x + y2 = 4 and (x - 2)2 + y2 = 4 using
2
integration.
Sol.Equations of the given circles are x2 + y2 = 4 ... (1)
and (x – 2)2 + y2 = 4 ... (2)
Equation (1) is a circle with centre O at the origin and radius 2. Equation (2) is a circle with
centre C (2, 0) and radius 2.
Solving equations (1) and (2), we have
(x –2)2 + y2 = x2 + y2
orx2 – 4x + 4 + y2 = x2 + y2 or x = 1 which gives y = ± 3
Thus, the points of intersection of the given circles are A(1, 3 nd A 1, – 3 ) as shown in the
Fig
110
Required re of the en losed region OACA O etween ir les
= 2 [area of the region ODCAO]
= 2 [area of the region ODAO + area of the region DCAD]
Sq. units
LEVEL II
Q1. Draw the rough sketch and find the area of the region bounded by two
parabolas 4y2 = 9x and 3x2 = 16y by using method of integration.
111
Sol.
B(4,3)
O(0,0)
The point of intersection of curve 3x2 = 16y &4y2 = 9x are (0,0) &(4,3)
112
Equation of AB is
Similarly, Equation of BC is
B(3 , 4)
C(5 , 2).
A(2, 1)
Required area of
[( )
Q2. Using integration compute the area of the region bounded by the triangle
whose vertices are (–1 , 1), (0 , 5), and (3 , 2).
Sol. Let A(–1 , 1), B(0 , 5) and C(3 , 2) are three given vertices of a triangle as shown in the
figure.
113
Equation of AB
B(0 , 5)
C(3 , 2)
A(–1 , 1) X
L(-1,0) O M(3, 0)
Required area of
114
(ix) Area of triangle when sides are given
LEVEL III
Q1. Using integration find the area of the region bounded by the triangle whose
sides are y = 2x + 1, y = 3x + 1, x = 4.
Sol. Here y = 2x 1…………. 1
y = 3x 1…………. 2
x = 4……………. 3
Solving (1) & (3), we get (4, 9) , Solving (1) & (2),we get (0, 1) & Solving (2) & (3) we get (4,
13)
Y C(4,13)
y=3x+1x=4
B(4,9)
y=2x+1
A(0,1)
X
O M(4,0)
Required area of
)-(
Q2. Using integration compute the area of the region bounded by the lines
x + 2y = 2, y – x =1, and 2x + y = 7.
Sol. Here, x + 2y = 2…………. 1
y – x =1……………. 2
115
2x y = 7. ………… 3
Solving (1) ,(2) and (3), we get
A(4, -1), B(2, 3) and C(0,1)
Y
L(0,3) B(2, 3)
C(0,1) y-x=1
2x+y=7
x+2y=2 X
Required area of + }
+ }
= =
116
TOPIC- 8
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
(i) 2 2 y 0
dx dx
Sol. Order of Diff equation is =2
Degree ofDiff equation is =2
2. General and particular solutions of a differential equation
LEVEL I
d2y
Q1. Show that y e x ax b is the solution of e x 2 1
dx
Sol. We have,
…….. 1
Differentiate (1) w.r.t x , we get
Again, Differentiate,
y= (a + )
= (-a b )+ (a +b )
- = (-a - )+ (- a + )
= (a + )+ - y (from i)
117
Or - =-y+ –y
Or - +2y = 0 or -2 +2y = 0
LEVEL III
Q 1. Find the differential equation of the family of circles (x - a)² - (y - b)² = r²
Sol. The given curve is + =
=-[ ]
=- [ ] from (1)
=- [ ] =
Now 1+ =1+ =
1+ =
Or = = -------------------- (3)
Q2. Obtain the differential equation representing the family of parabola having
vertex at the origin and axis along the positive direction of x-axis
Sol.The equation of parabola may be taken as
=4ax ------ (1)
Where a is parameter
Differentiating wrt x we get
2y = 4a -------- (2)
From (1) and (2) we get
=
=x or y =
2x =y
118
4. Solution of differential equation by the method of separation of variables
LEVEL II
dy
Q1. Solve 1 x y xy
dx
Sol.The differential equation is
=(1+x)(1+y) or = (1+x) dx
Integrating both sides we get
= ) dx + c
log =x+ +c
dy
Q2. Solve e y cos x given that y(0)=0.
dx
Sol. The given differential equation is
= or dy = dx
Integrating both sides , we get
= +c
= +c
Given that x=0 , y=0 So = +c ,c=1
= +1
Q3. Solve 1 x 2
dy
dx
x tan 1 x
(1+ ) - x=
Or = or dy = dx
= +c
Y= + +c
= + +c
2y= )+ +c
119
5 .Homogeneous differential equation of first order and first degree
LEVEL II
Q1. Solve (x 2 xy )dy (x 2 y 2 )dx
Sol.
LEVEL III
Show that the given differential equation is homogenous and solve it.
dy
( x y) x 2y
dx
dy
( x y) x 2y
dx
120
y
Q2. ydx x log( )dy 2 xdy 0
x
Sol.
+logc
=logcx
121
xdy ydx x 2 y 2 dx
122
Q5. Solve xdy ydx ( x 2 y 2 )dx
Sol.
Or,
Q6.Solve y 3x 2 dy
dx
x
Sol.
123
Q7. Solve x dy ( y x )dx 0
3
Sol.
Q8.
Sol.
124
LEVEL II
dy
Q1. 2 y tan x sin x
dx
So
Q2.Solve 1 x
dy
y e 3 x ( x 1) 2
dx
Sol.
125
dy
Q3. Solve x y x log x
dx
Sol.
LEVEL III
dy
Q1Solve cos( x y )
dx
Sol
126
dy
Q3.Solve x 2 y( x y)
dx
dy 4x 1
Q4.Solve 2 y 2
dx x 1 ( x 1) 3
Sol.
127
Q5 Solve the differential equation x 2 y 2 dy
dx
y ;given that when x=2,y=1
Sol.
128
TOPIC-9
VECTOR ALGEBRA
(i) Vector and scalars, Direction ratio and direction cosines & Unit vector
LEVEL I
Q1 Sol: ;
Now, +(
Q2 Sol:
Now
Q3Sol:
( (
129
= =
Q4 Sol: i j k
i j k
=
Q5Sol: Let a = i -2 j
Now
i j
i j
LEVEL II
Q1 Sol:
&
130
Unit Vector
Q2 Sol:Given
Now ,
=1+1+1
Q3 Sol: a = i + j + k , b = 4 i - 2 j + 3 k and c = i - 2 j + k
i + j + k ) (4 i - 2 j + 3 k ) +3( i - 2 j + k )
=2(
131
LEVEL – III
Q1 Sol: Let
We know that
Q2 Sol:
Q3 Sol:
Then,
Q4 Sol: ;
Then,
132
Q2 Sol: A
B C
Q3 Sol:
LEVEL – II
Q1 Sol: Given
Then =
Q2Sol: Given
Then = =
Now,
133
Q2 Sol:
Let
Q3 Sol:
LEVEL – II
Q1 Sol: Let
Then
Q2 Sol:
134
Q3 Sol:
LEVEL – III
Q1 Sol:
=2.2
Q2 Sol:
135
(2) When
Q4 Sol: Given
Q5 Sol:
( ).)( =0
Q6Sol:
and
Q7 Sol:
Now, =
136
Then
Q8 Sol: We have, = , = =
Let
lly,
Hence,
Q9 Sol:
137
=
Q2 Sol: Let i j i j
Projection of =
Q3 Sol: Let i j k 3 i -2 j + k
i j k 3 i -2 j + k ) = 10
Q4 Sol: Let i j k i j k
Projection of =
LEVEL – II
; ;
138
Q2 Sol: Consider a cube of edge =1unit
C F
G E
B
O X
A
D
Then
Then
Let
Then
= 1-1+1=
Q3Sol:Let
139
Thus,
a b c b c a b c
LEVEL – III
Q1 Sol:Let
Now ,
=
Here are the components , &
Q2 Sol: We have, = , = =
140
3
Let
lly,
Hence,
Q3 Sol:
=
Q4 Sol: a i j k b i j k c i j k
; ;
Q5 Sol:
141
=2.2
Also,
Q1 Sol: If ;
Q2 Sol:
Q3 Sol: : Given
Q4 Sol: Given
142
=
LEVEL – II
Q1 Sol: Given
Q2 Sol: (
Q3 Sol: Let
Then,
Q4 Sol:
LEVEL – III
Q1 Sol:
= =1 – 1+1=1
143
Q2 Sol: Vector
&
Let
Then
Q3 Sol:
Q4 Sol:
144
Hence,
Q5 Sol:let
Area of
Q3 Sol:
145
Sq units
LEVEL – II
Q1 Sol: Given diagonal =
Area of
Q2 Sol: Let
Area of
=
=
Q3 Sol:
Sq units
146
TOPIC-10
LEVEL-I
Q1 Sol: Dr’s of line joining 1,0,0 nd 0,1,1 is +
Also,
Q2 Sol:
LEVEL-II
Q1 Sol:
147
Q2 Sol:
Q3 Sol: We have,
Q2 Sol:
Q3 Sol:
Q4 Sol:
148
Q2 Sol:
149
x 1 y 2 z 3
Q3 Sol: =
2 3 4
(1)
(2)
LEVEL-III
Q1 Sol:
150
Q2 Sol: Vector equation of side AB is C(1,2,-1)
D(x,y,z)
At co-ordinates of D are (
Q3 Sol:
12a-10b+8c=0
From (2) & (3)
Q4 Sol:
151
(iv) Shortest distance between two lines
LEVEL-II
Q1 Sol:
units
=( +2 +3 –3 +2 )
=(4 + 2µ) + (5 +3µ) + (6 + µ) .
= (4 + 5 + 6 ) + 2 +3 + )
152
+ +3 ; +5 + 6
–3 +2 ;
x 1 y 2 z 3
Q2 Sol: =
2 3 4
(1)
(2)
Q3 Sol: r = ( i + j ) + (2 i – j + k ), and
r = (2 i + j – k ) + (4 i – 2 j + 2 k)
+ ; + -
i j k ; i j k
153
=0
Q4 Sol: we have, = and
=
;
;
Q5 Sol:
Q6 Sol:
154
Now,
(v) Cartesian and Vector equation of a plane in space & conversion of one into another
form
LEVEL I
Q1 Sol:
o x
z
Q2 Sol:Equation of plane with x, y, z intercepts 2,3,4 is
x/2+y/3+z/4=1
Or 6x+4y+3z=12
Q3 Sol: We have,
Dividing by; =7
is
Q4 Sol:(a) We have,
155
Put in (i)
(b) We have,
Put in (i)
LEVEL II
Q1 Sol:
Q2 Sol: =3
Unit =
Q3 Sol: =
156
.
LEVEL-I
157
Q3 Sol:
-
and -
Q5 Sol:
and
LEVEL-II
Q1 Sol:
158
Q2 Sol:
F(0,a,a)
C(0,0,a)
(a,0,a ) G E(a,a,0)
O B(0,a,0) Y
159
(vii) Distance of a point from a plane
LEVEL I
Q1 Sol:
Q2 Sol:
Q3 Sol:
is
=
Q4Sol:
Q5 Sol:
LEVEL II
Q1 Sol: we have, ………………. 1
any point on (1) is Q(-2 3 ,-1 2 ,3 2
Point P(1,3,3)
Q2 Sol:
160
Q3 Sol:
161
[( )+
LEVEL III
Q1 Sol:
Let
Q2 Sol:
162
Q3 Sol:
163
(viii) Equation of a plane through the intersection of two planes
LEVEL III
Q1 Sol:
Q2 Sol:
….. ii
164
Q3 Sol:
LEVEL III
Q1 Sol:
……… ii
165
Q2Sol:
…………….. 1
x + 2y + 3z – 7 = 0 and 2x – 3y + 4z = 0.
We h ve, 2 3 =0……… 2
2a-3 4 =0………. 3
Q3 Sol:
P(2,4,-1)
Q
166
(ix)Foot of perpendicular and image with respect to a line and plane
LEVEL II
Q1 Sol:
(1,-2, 7)
Q2 Sol:
167
P(1,2,3)
of PM are
Also
P(3,-2,1)
Q3 Sol:
3x-y+4z-2=0
P’ (
168
LEVEL-III
Q1 Sol: Equation of line BC =
Coordinate of M are (4+ ,7+
Dr’s of M < 3
Dr’s of BC <1,2,-2>
AM
Coordinate of foot M(
Q2 Sol: Let
( 2+3
Dr’s of PM is < 1 3
(2+3.
i.e M ( )
Let P(
169
;
Required image is
–4
–4 –4
( –4 )=169
+y then,
Q4 Sol:
Let
170
=
171
CHAPTER-11
LINEAR PROGRAMMING
(i) LPP and its Mathematical Formulation
LEVEL I
Q1 Sol: Let the dietician mix Kg of food ‘I’ with kg of food ‘II’. Then, the m them ti l
model of the LPP is as follows:
Minimize
Subject to
Subject to …… i
…….. ii
(0,6)
(0,4)
(2,3)
X’ X
(4,0) (8,0)
172
Corner Pts. Z
(0,0) 0
(0,4) 16
(4,0) -12(Minimum)
(2,3) 6
Y’
Q2.Sol Maximize
Subject to …… i
…….. ii
(0,5)
(0,3)
( )
X’ X
(2,0) (5,0)
Y’
173
Corner Pts. Z
(0,0) 0
(0,3) 9
(2,0) 10
( ) 235/19(Maximum)
Subject to …… i
…….. ii
(0,2)
(0,1) ( )
(3,0)
X’ X
(2,0)
Corner Pts. Z
174
(0,2) 10
(3,0) 9
Y’
( ) 7(Minimum)
Diet problem
LEVEL II
Q1 Sol: Food X(x units) Food Y(y units)
Calories 40 y
Vitamins 100y
Vitamins (200x Calories 40x Minerals
units
A/Q units) Minerals 2y units
(x units)
(0,40)
(0,35)
5 (5,30)
(0,25)
(20,15)
35 (50,0
20
)
175
Corner pt.
(0,40) 120
(20,15) 125
(50,0) 200
Q2. Sol: Suppose grams of wheat & grams of rice are mixed in the daily diet
Subject to
Y
(0,1000)
(0,400)
(400,200)
(800,0) X
X’
(500,0)
Corner Pts. Z
(800,0) 3.2 Y’
(400,200) 2.8(Minimum)
( ) 6
176
MANUFACTURING PROBLEM
LEVEL II
Q1. Sol: The given L.P.P is maximize
Subject to
(0,30)
(0,12)
(12,6)
(24,0)
(15,0)
Subject to
177
(0,170)
(25,125)
(0,125)
(70,50)
(100,0)
0 (70,0)
178
LEVEL III
Subject to
(30,20)
(0,40)
(20,20)
(30,0)
(20, 0)
ALLOCATION PROBLEM
LEVEL II
179
Subject to
(40,000, 30,000)
y=30,000
30,000
(10,000 ,30,0000)
(70,000,0)
10,000
Subject to
180
(0,75)
(0,60)
(60,30) (75,0) (120,0)
(0,50)
0 (200/3,0)
100
x+2y=120
2x+y=150
3x+4y=200
LEVEL III
Q1 Sol: The given L.P.P is maximize
Subject to
(0,250)
25,225 y=3x
(25/2,75/2)
To set max Profit
There should be
x+y=250
X=25 181
TRANSPORTATION
LEVEL III
Q1 Sol: (60)
A
y 60-x-y
P
Q R
40
40 50
40
40-x
40-y
70-(40-x)-(40-y)
=-10+x+y
Subject to
182
(0,60)
y=40
(20,40)
(0,40)
(40,20)
(0,10)
(10,0) 40
x+y=10
x+y=60
183
TOPIC 12
PROBABILITY
(A
P( )=
LEVEL II
Q1:S={ (1,5),(2,4),(3,3),(4,2),(5,1)}
Favorable events={(2,4),(4,2)}
Reqd. Probality=
LEVEL III
P( =
184
P(None of balls is red)=
P( = P( =
= 1-P(none)=
LEVEL III
C =Selecting a girl.
We have P (A ) = P ( B ) = and P ( C ) =
Odd numbers=6
Even numbers=5
Sum is even if both nos are odd or both numbers are even
5 +6 =10+15=25
185
=6 = =15
Required Probability=
Q1:S={HHH,HHT,HTH,THH,TTT,HTT,THT,TTH}
E= {HHH,HHT,HTT,HTH}
F= {TTT,THT,HTT,HHT}
E {HHT,HTT}
P(E)= = , P(F)= =
P (AUB)=P(A)+P(B)-P(A )
P( AUB)=0.60
P(A
P(AUB)=P(A)+P(B)-P(A
.60=.35+P(B)-0.35XP(B)
0.60=.35+P(B)(1-0.35)
186
0.60-.35=P(B)(.65)
LEVEL I
Q:1 Bag 1 Bag 2
Required Probability=
Let A be the event of getting two Hearts Cards from the remaining 51 cards
=P(
= =
187
Let A =event that the insured vehicle met an accident.
P( )=
P( )=
2S+4C 4S+3C
P( )=P(
Required Probablity==
188
LEVEL II
Required Probablity= =
P( )=
P( )=
60% 40%
S=80% S=90%
189
LEVEL III
London =
Clifton =
Q2 let
A= test is positive
We have
p (A/ ,P(A/ )=
Required Probability =P (
= *
= 0.15
E1=Box I choosen
E2=Box II choosen
190
P(E1 ) = P(E2)= P(E3 )=
P(E1/A) = =
q=1-p=
X 0 1 2
P(x)
q=
X 0 1 2 3
P(x)
Q3
X P(
2 .3 .6 1.2
3 .4 1.2 3.6
4 .3 1.2 4.8
191
Var(x)= =
Level III
P= q=
X O 1 2
P(X)
Q2 n=5
np+npq=1.8
5p+5p(1-p)=1.8
5p+5p-5p2=1.8
10p-5p2 =1.8
5p2 -10p+1.8=0
p=
q=1-p=
Probabality distribution
5
=(
Q3np = , npq=
q=
192
P=
n=4
= 1-4
=1-
=6
+6. +
= +
p= getting sum as 9=
193
q=1- ,n=200
Mean= np , Variance=npq
= 200* = 200* *
194