Exercise 1

1. Three parallel impedances Z1 = 60 Ω, Z2= 6 + j12 Ω, Z3 = 30 – j30 Ω are supplied by V =

1200 |0 volt. Find the power absorbed by each load and the total complex power.
2. A three phase line has an impedance of 0.4 + j2.7 Ω per phase. The line feeds two
balanced three-phase loads that are connected in parallel. The first load is absorbing
500.1 kVA at 0.707 power factor lagging. The second load absorbs 132 kW at unity
power factor. The line voltage at the load is 3810.5 V. Determine the line voltage at the
source, real and reactive power loss in the line, and real and reactive power supplied at
the sending end..
3. 50 MVA, 30 kV, 3-phase, 60 Hz synchronous generator has synchronous reactance of 9
Ω per phase and negligible resistance. The generator is delivering rated power at 0.8
power factor lagging at rated terminal voltage to an infinite bus. Determine the excitation
voltage and power angle. If the generator delivers half power at constant excitation
voltage, find the current and power factor. If the excitation voltage decreased to 60% at
constant power, find the current and power factor.
4. A three phase line is fed from 11/132 kV transformer at its sending end. A load of 100
MW at 0.9 power factor lagging is connected through 132/11 kV transformer at the
receiving end of the line. If the impedance of the line is 25 + j66 Ω and both transformers
are equipped with tap changing facilities which are arranged in such a way that the
product of the two off-nominal settings is unity. Calculate settings of the tap changer
required to maintain the voltage of the load bus-bar at 11 kV.
5. The one line diagram of 3-phase power system figure 1, the base power is 100 MVA and
base voltage 22 kV on generator side. Draw the per unit impedance diagram considering
the following data:

Figure 1

G 90 MVA 22 kV X = 18%
T1 50 MVA 22/220 kV X = 10%
T2 40 MVA 220/11 kV X = 6%
T3 40 MVA 22/110 kV X = 6.4%
T4 40 MVA 110/11 kV X = 8%
M 66.5 MVA 10.45 kV X = 18.5%
The 3-phase load at bus 4 absorbs 57 MVA, 0.6 power factor lagging at 10.45 kV. Line 1
and line 2 have reactance of 48.4 and 65.43 Ω respectively. If the motor operates at full
load 0.8 power factor leading at 10.45 kV, find the generator voltage at bus 1 and the emf
of both generator and motor.
6. A circuit of a single phase transmission line is composed of three solid 0.25 cm radius
wires. The return circuit is composed of two 0.5 cm radius wires. The arrangement of
 conductors is shown in the figure 2. Determine the inductance due to the current in each
side of the line and the inductance of the complete line in H/m.

Figure 2

7. 220 kV, 60 Hz, 3-phase short line of 40 km long. The resistance per phase is 0.15 Ω/km
and the inductance per phase is 1.3263 mH/km. Find the voltage and power at sending
end, the voltage regulation and efficiency if the line is supplying a 3-phase load of 381
MVA at 0.8 power factor
8. 3-phase medium line of 130 km long has the series impedance of Z = 0.036 + j0.3 Ω/km
per phase, and the shunt admittance of Y = j4.22 * 10-6 siemens/km per phase. The
sending end voltage is 345 kV, and the sending end current is 400 A at 0.95 power factor
lagging. Find the voltage, current and power at the receiving end, and voltage regulation.
9. 3-phase, 60 Hz, 500 kV long lossless line of 300 km long has an inductance of 0.97
mH/km per phase and capacitance of 0.0115 µF/km per phase. Determine the phase
constant β, the surge impedance, velocity of propagation v and the line wavelength λ. If
the receiving end rated load is 800 MW at 0.8 power factor lagging and 500 kV, find the
sending end voltage and power and the voltage regulation.

Exercise 2

10. Two loads Z1 = 100 Ω and Z2 = 10 + j20 Ω are connected across a 200 V, 60 Hz source.
Find the total real and reactive power, the power factor at the source, the total current,
and the value of the capacitance that can be connected across the loads to improve the
overall power factor to 0.8 lagging.
11. Three loads are connected in parallel across 1400 V, 60 Hz single phase supply. The first
load is inductive having 125 kVA at 0.28 power factor, the second is capacitive with 10
kW and 40 kvar, and the third load is resistive of 15 kW. Find the total kW, kvar, kVA
and the supply power factor. Determine also the capacitance and its kvar that can be
connected in parallel to the loads to improve the power factor to 0.8 lagging.
12. A three phase line has an impedance of 2 + j4 Ω. The line feeds two balanced three-
phase loads that are connected in parallel. The first load is Y-connected and has an
impedance of 30 + j40 Ω. The second load is ∆-connected and has an impedance of 60 –
j45 Ω. The line is energized at the sending end from a three-phase balanced supply of
line voltage 207.85 V. Determine the current, real and reactive power drawn from the
supply, line voltage across the loads, phase current in each load, and real and reactive
powers in each load and the line.
13. 50 MVA, 35 kV, 3-phase, 50 Hz synchronous generator has synchronous reactance of 10
Ω per phase and negligible resistance. The generator is delivering rated power at 0.8
power factor lagging at rated terminal voltage to an infinite bus. Determine the excitation
voltage and power angle. Find the maximum power and the corresponding current and
power factor.
14. A three phase line is fed from 23/230 kV transformer at its sending end. A load of 150
MVA at 0.8 power factor lagging is connected through 230/23 kV transformer at the
 receiving end of the line. If the impedance of the line is 18 + j60 Ω and both transformers
are equipped with tap changing facilities which are arranged in such a way that the
product of the two off-nominal settings is unity. Calculate the tap settings of each
transformer to maintain the load voltage at 23 kV.
15. Draw the per unit impedance diagram of power system figure 1 using the base value of
100 MVA and 20 kV for the generator

Figure 1

16. Find the inductance and capacitance per phase per kilometer of one 3-phase transposed
line with horizontal conductor of distances, D12 = 30 m, D23 = 30 m and D13 = 60 m. The
conductors have diameter of 3 cm and geometric mean radius r’ of 1.6 cm.
17. In the bundled-conductor line shown in figure 2, find the inductive reactance in Ω/km/
phase for d = 45 cm. Find the per unit series reactance of the line if its length is 160 km
and base is 100 MVA, 345 kV assume that r’ = 1.4 cm

Figure 2

18. 345 kV 3-phase medium line of 130 km long has resistance of 0.036 Ω/km per phase and
inductance of 0.8 mH/km per phase. The shunt capacitance is 0.0112 µF/km. The
receiving end load is 270 MVA at 0.8 power factor lagging and 325 kV. Find the voltage
and power at the sending end and the voltage regulation.
19. 500 kV 3-phase long line of 250 km has series impedance of 0.045 + j0.4 Ω/km per
phase and the shunt admittance is j4 * 10-6 siemens/km per phase. Evaluate the
equivalent π model and the transmission matrix.
20. A single circuit 50 Hz transmission line is 370 km long. The flat horizontal spacing
between conductors are 7.25 m. The load on the line is 125 MW at 220 kV and unity
power factor. The series resistance per phase, series reactance per phase, and shunt
admittance per phase to neutral are 0.09963 Ω, 0.5144 Ω, and 3.17x10-6 S/km
respectively. Find the voltage, current, and power at the sending end and the voltage
regulation of the line using real units. Calculate the wavelength and velocity of
propagation.