Assalammualaikum and greetings. There are many history about the origin of numbers that were being used in the past. In the earlier of 13th century, a notation numbers between 1 and 99 were introduced by Archdeacon John of Basingstoke based on a vertical stroke provided with an appendage to the left (representing the units) and another to the right (tens). Divers variants of the system turn up in various Cistercian manuscripts, and were used for a variety of purposes, along with Roman and Hindu-Arabic numerals. In 1533, Agrippa von Nettesheym (a personal physician to Luisa di Savoia and a historian of Carlo V) included a description of a vertical variant of the ciphers in his Occult Philosophy. From then on and until the 19th century, the ciphers were remembered as “Chaldaean”. In early 20th-century Germany they turned Runic and Aryan. This original numeral system later fell out of use and was forgotten. Agrippa’s number-notation system called “Notae Elegantissimae” allows to write numbers from 1 up to 9999 and was primarily employed for indexing purposes, where its compactness was a great advantage. But it is also useful as a mnemonic aid. Example The symbol K in the example further below may mean 1414 (the first 4 figures of the square root of 2).