Coordinación de Inglés

MATERIAL DE ESTUDIO SEMANA N°1

INGLÉS BÁSICO II

UNIDAD DE COMPETENCIA ASOCIADA: Utilizar tiempo presente y pasado para describir

situaciones de nivel básico para comunicarse en un entorno laboral y social con expresiones y
vocabulario afín, de acuerdo con el nivel CEFR A2.

Nombre de la Unidad de Aprendizaje: HOW TO DESCRIBE YOUR WORK

N°1 EXPERIENCES…

Conocimientos Aprendizajes procedimentales.

Pasado simple: • Distingue las distintas conjugaciones y

• Uso de auxiliar Did
• Verbos regulares e irregulares
Adverbios de tiempo pasado
• (yesterday, ago, last, etc.)
• Preposition of time (from- to, for
and since)
Vocabulario y Expresiones:
• Experiencia laboral y
competencias.
• Resume / CV and Job interview.
• E-mails y documentos adjuntos.
usos del tiempo pasado simple para
construir frases breves en forma oral y
escrita de acuerdo con las necesidades de
su entorno laboral y social con el nivel CEFR
A2.
• Identifica la idea principal de textos
sobre temas laborales y sociales para
utilizarlo como fuente de información según
caso dado con un nivel CEFR A2.
● Utiliza estructuras gramaticales
presentes y pasadas más complementos
gramaticales para describir situaciones
laborales y sociales, propias y de terceros en
forma oral y escrita con un nivel CEFR A2.

Aprendizajes actitudinales:

● Ejecuta su trabajo de forma responsable

y autónoma, en base a una planificación
previa.

● Trabaja colaborativamente en las tareas

que le corresponden, orientado a objetivos
comunes y al fortalecimiento del equipo.

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UNIDAD N°1

PAST SIMPLE TENSE

The Simple Past Tense, often just called the Past Tense, is easy to use in English.
In general, the Past Tense is used to talk about something that started and finished at a
definite time in the past.

How to form the Past Tense in English

For example: The past tense of the verb want is wanted.
Wanted is used as the past tense for all subjects/pronouns.

• I wanted
• You wanted
• He wanted
• She wanted
• It wanted
• We wanted
• They wanted

So, you just have to learn one word to be able to use it in the past tense. In this case we
just needed to learn the one word wanted which can be used for all subjects (or people).

Past Tense Regular Verbs

To change a regular verb into its past tense form, we normally add –ED to the end of the
verb.

• play – played
• cook – cooked
• rain – rained
• wait – waited

There are some exceptions with a slight change in spelling which you can see here:
Spelling of words ending in ED.

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Examples of sentences using regular verbs in the past tense

• Last night I played my guitar loudly and the neighbors complained.

• She kissed her daughter with love.
• It rained a lot yesterday.
• Angela watched TV all night.
• John wanted to go to the museum.

Negative sentences in the Past Tense

We use didn't (did not) to make a negative sentence in the past tense.
This is for regular AND irregular verbs in English.

Compare the following:

Present: They don't live in Canada.

Past: They didn't live in Canada.

The main verb (live in the example above) is in its base form (of the infinitive). The
auxiliary DIDN'T shows that the sentence is negative AND in the past tense.
NOTICE: The only difference between a negative sentence in the present tense and
a negative sentence in the past tense is the change in the auxiliary verb.
Both don't and doesn't in the present tense become didn't in the past tense.
Compare the negative sentences in the examples below:

Present: You don't need a mechanic.

Past: You didn't need a mechanic.
Present: You don't walk to work.
Past: You didn't walk to work.
Present: He doesn't speak Japanese.
Past: He didn't speak Japanese.
Examples of negative sentences in the Past Tense

• I didn't want to go to the dentist.

• She didn't have time to go out.
• You didn't close the door and the dog run away.
• He didn't come to my party, He was at work.
• They didn't study so they didn't pass the test.
• We didn't sleep well last night.

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Questions in the Past Tense

We use did to make a question in the past tense.
This is for regular AND irregular verbs in English.

Compare the following:

Present: Do they live in France?
Past: Did they live in France?

The main verb (live in the example above) is in its base form (of the infinitive). The
auxiliary DID shows that the question is in the past tense.
NOTICE: The only difference between a question in the present tense and a
question in the past tense is the change in the auxiliary verb.
Both Do and Does in present tense questions become Didn't in past tense
questions.

Compare the questions in the examples below:

Present: Do you need a doctor?
Past: Did you need a doctor?
Present: Do you ride your bike to work?
Past: Did you ride your bike to work?
Present: Does he live in Italy?
Past: Did he live in Italy?
We can also use a question word (Who, What, Why, etc.) before DID to ask for more
information.

• Did you study? – Yes, I did.

• When did you study? – I studied last night.
• Where did you study? – I studied at the library.

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Examples of Questions in the Past Tense

• Did you go to work yesterday?

• Did they arrive on time?
• Did she like the surprise?
• Where did she go?
• What did you do yesterday?
• What did you say? - I didn't say anything.
• Why did we have to come?

Read more about short answers in the past tense.

Irregular Verbs in the Past Tense

For example: The past tense of GO is WENT.
It does not end in –ED so it is considered irregular.
The word went is used for all subjects – I, you, we, they, he, she, it.

• I went to the beach

• He went to the park.
• She went to the zoo.
• They went to the library.

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BUT, as we mentioned before, it is only in its irregular form (went) in sentences that
are affirmative/positive.
Compare the following using GO in the past tense.

• They went to the beach

• They didn't go to the beach --- Didn't shows that we are talking in the past tense.
• Did they go to the beach? --- Did shows that we are talking in the past tense.

Another example with an irregular verb is.

The past of EAT is ATE.

• You ate my cake.

• You didn't eat my cake.
• Did you eat my cake?

TIME EXPRESSION FOR PAST SIMPLE TENSE:

LAST AGO YESTERDAY

(= PASADO/ PASADA) (= HACE) (= AYER)

LAST Night. 10 minutes AGO. YESTERDAY.

LAST Week. An hour AGO. YESTERDAY Morning.
LAST Weekend. 3 days AGO. YESTERDAY Afternoon.
LAST Month. A week AGO. YESTERDAY Evening.
LAST Year. A Month AGO. The day before YESTERDAY
LAST Monday. A year AGO.

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IRREGULAR VERBS LIST BY PATTERS

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SUMMARY

REMEMBER:

The past simple tense is used to talk about:

• Finished actions in the past.

• Finished actions in the past.
• Habits in the past.
• Past facts.
• Periods of time in the past.

We can say when or for how long these actions happened.

To make an affirmative sentence in past simple

Pronoun + verb in past + complement

Examples:

• I visited London last week.

• He wore glasses when he was young.
• Mary lived in Paris for six months.

Past simple affirmative form:

Regular past simple verbs end with "–ed".

I walked to the office.

You played chess.
He / She / It laughed.
We washed the car.
They (worry=) worried all day.

Irregular past simple verbs are different!

I fell off the wall.

You forgot the keys.
He / She / It left work early.
We
They bought some new clothes.

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Practice:

a) I ____________(go) to a seminar yesterday

b) We ___________ (stay) in an apartment in Valparaiso.
c) Bob _________ (travel) to the meeting by train.
d) I _________ (hear) the news on the radio.

Some common irregular verbs:

Past simple
did do
got get
went go
had have
I heard hear
You
knew know
He / She / It
left leave
We
They made make
said say
saw see
told tell
won win

Past simple negative:

To make a negative sentence we use

Pronoun + "didn't (did not)" + the verb in infinitive form (without "to")

For example:

I buy any new shoes.

You go to work yesterday.
He / She / It didn't
We play soccer last night.
They

Practice:

1. Sarah _______________ (win) the sales price.

2. We _________________ (have) any coffee yesterday.

3. They _____________ (know) about the incident.

4. I ____________ (need) help with the project.

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Past Simple Questions

To make a question we use

"Did" + pronoun + the infinitive of the main verb (without "to") +

complement

Did you ask her to the party? Yes, I did. / No, I didn't (did not).
Did he visit the office yesterday? Yes, he did. / No, he didn't (did not).
Did they buy a new house? Yes, they did. / No, they didn't (did not).

Practice:

a) ________you _________the quiz? (complete)

b) ________he __________ you? (call)
c) _______they _______your clients? (meet)
d) _______the film _____ late? (finish)

ACTIVITIES PAST SIMPLE

1. Complete the sentences in Simple Past:

a) Our company ________ (start) business in 1995.

b) We __________ (order) the goods two months ago.

c) I ________ (send) you the letter last week.

d) We _________ (receive) your order yesterday.

e) The postman ________ (come) in, and __________ (give) me the documents.

f) When I ____________ (arrive), Anne was talking on the phone.

g) I _____________ (get / not) your invoice yesterday.

h) Mister O'Brian ____________ (be / not) in the office last week.

i) ___________ (Sarah / go) to the trade fair on Thursday?

j) ______________ (you / call) me ten minutes ago?

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2. Complete Lisa´s journey to Madrid, put the verbs in the correct form:

Last Tuesday Lisa 1 flew from London to Madrid. She 2 fly,

_________up at 6 ó clock in the morning and 3 get, have
__________ a cup of coffee. At 6:30 she 4_________ leave,
home and 5 __________ to the airport. When she 6 drive
____________ there, she 7 ________ the car, get, park
8
___________ to the airport and 9 ____________ in. walk,
Then she 10__________ breakfast at the café and 11 check
___________ for her flight. The plane 12 ___________ on have,
time and She 13___________ in Madrid two hours later. wait
Finally she 14 ________ a taxi from the airport to her hotel depart,
in the city center. arrive
take
3. Write 4 sentences about what you did yesterday.

a) _______________________
b) _______________________
c) _______________________
d) _______________________

4. Reading: “Levi Strauss”

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REMEMBER:

Look at the reading “Levi Strauss.” Is each sentence true or false? Rewrite false
sentences correctly.

a) He stayed in Germany. True / False

__________________________________________________________________
b) He moved to the United States in 1829. True / False
__________________________________________________________________

c) He shared his company with his nephews. True / False

_________________________________________________________________

d) Levi Strauss & Company manufactured the first computers. True / False
__________________________________________________________________

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5. Read the two e-mails below:

a) When was the meeting?

b) What was the reason for the meeting?

c) Why didn´t they organize the next business breakfast?

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6. Complete the paragraph with the past tense form of the verbs in parentheses.

7. Complete the blanks with the negative past tense form of the verbs in
parentheses.

John wanted to be successful. But instead his manager fired him. John was a bad
employee.

a) He ______________ (arrive) did not arrive on time for work.

b) He _______________ (work) hard.
c) He ______________ (listen) to his manager.
d) He ______________ any (ask) questions.
e) He ______________ (fix) problems.
f) He ______________ (finish) his work.

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8. Reading: Anita Roddick “ The Body Shop”

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Look at the reading “A Success Story.” Fill in each blank with the past tense of one
of the verbs in the box.

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9. Irregular Verbs Practice:

Fill in the blanks with the simple past form of the verbs in parentheses.

My last job wasn’t very challenging and I ______ (know) that I

wanted to make a change. One day I _______ (come) home from
work and ______ (sit) down on the couch. As I was watching TV,
the phone ______ (ring). It was my friend, John. He ______(tell)
me about his new position at a company in Mexico. John ____
(tell) me that the company was hiring and that he ______(think) I
might be interested in working for the company. I ______(say) that
I was interested, and he ______(tell) me he ______(will) talk to
one of the recruiters about me.

A week later, a recruiter called me and we ________ (set up) a

phone interview. The phone interview ______ (go) well and the
recruiter ______ (tell) me that the next step was a face-to-face
interview in Mexico.

My employer _____ (let) me take vacation and I _______(buy) a

round-trip ticket to Mexico City. I _______ (choose) to take a flight
with a long layover in Lima, Peru. I________ (take) advantage of
the situation and I ______ (leave) the airport and _____ (see)
some of the city. I ______ (go) to a traditional Peruvian restaurant
where I ______ (eat) a great meal and _______(drink) a delicious
pisco sour.

When I finally ____ (get) to Mexico, I was exhausted. I

______(find) my hotel and _______(pay) for the room. I was so
exhausted that I _______(sleep) for almost 11 hours.

The next morning, I _______ (wake up), ______ (have) breakfast,

and _______(read) the paper. After that, I _______ (speak) to one
of the company’s recruiters and they _______(send) a taxi for me.

I ______ (get) to the office at 9 AM. The receptionist ______

(meet) me in the lobby and ______(lead) me to the conference
room. She ________ (bring) me a cup of coffee and ______ (say)
that the recruiter ______(will) be right with me. I ________ (feel) a
bit nervous, but I _____ (know) I had the right profile for the job.
Fortunately, the interview _______(go) very well.

After the interview, the recruiter ______ (say) the company wanted
to hire me. They _____ (make) me an offer and I _____ (take) it. I
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____ (go) home and started making preparations. I ____ (quit) my
job, ____(sell) my car and ____ (say) goodbye to my friends and
family. A month later I arrived in Mexico to start my new job.
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10. Write the simple past form of the verbs in parentheses.

a) It wasn’t until 1998 that they ____________ (begin) to diversify their product line.

b) Many companies _______ (bid) on the project.

c) Sam _______ (wear) a blue suit with a red tie.

d) Our manager ________ (tell) us how to handle the situation.

e) Dave and I _______ (meet) when we were seniors in college.

f) The ad campaign _______ (lead) to a 20% increase in sales.

g) I _______ (leave) the office at 9 o’clock last night.

h) The economy _______ (grow) by less than 1% last year.

i) John _______ (bring) his wife and son to the company picnic.

j) After several hours, Logan finally _______ (find) the info he was looking for.

k) His attitude _______ (hurt) his chances of being promoted.

l) Larry _______ (teach) a couple of university courses last year.

11. Choose 6 sentences from exercise VIII and rewrite them in affirmative and
interrogative form:

Aff:
Neg:

Aff:
Neg:

Aff:
Neg:

Aff:
Neg:

Aff:
Neg:

Aff:
Neg:

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