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It is useful for staff to be able to recognise the stages of escalating behaviour and strategies
to manage each stage, as illustrated below.
This diagram was taken from Lyn Edwards’ presentation at the LaST Conference
1. CALM 2. AGITATION
Student Behaviour Student Behaviour
High level of engagement and Noticeable increase or change in
learning behaviour
Positive classroom interactions Non directed expenditure of energy
e.g. off‐task behaviour, fidgeting,
Teacher Responses
rocking on chair, off‐task pacing
Primary Support systems Increased anxiety
Reinforce school values
Teacher Strategies
Reinforce school/class rules
Implement structures, routines, Supportive staff approach
organisation Empathic non‐judgemental
Appropriate learning plan Rules and expectations
Adjustments to curriculum/lesson Encouragement and reinforcement
content Effective non‐verbal communication
Acknowledge/reinforce positive Appropriate curriculum and quality
behaviour teaching strategies
Rapport building Routines and organisation
3. ACCELERATION 4. PEAK ‐ Crisis
Student Behaviour Student Behaviour impacts on safety of self
and others
Argumentative, questioning,
challenging, belligerent
Student Behaviour
Defensive
Challenges authority Verbal aggression / verbal
Beginning of loss of rationality intimidation
Verbal escalation Physical aggression/assault
May use verbal intimidations Self‐injurious behaviour
May be unaware of impact of
Teacher Strategies behaviour on self and others
Directive approach Total loss of control
Appropriate response to Staff Strategies
questioning e.g. information seeking
or challenging Remain calm
Set limits/boundaries Seek assistance
Remind of rules and expectations Tertiary supports
Choices Team approach
Consequences Implement crisis management plan
Acknowledge good choices Exit other students to safety
Support from buddy teacher De‐escalate with calming strategies
5. RECOVERY
Student Behaviour Teacher Strategies
Tension reduction Debriefing
Expanded energy Re‐establish communication with
Physically and emotionally drained individual
Regained control Rebuild relationships
Collaboratively review and develop
plans of support