10.

5005/jp-journals-10021-1132
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Sandeep Atmaramji Jethe et al

Evaluation of Clinical Effectiveness of Churro

Jumper Appliance in the Treatment of Skeletal
Class II Malocclusion with Retrognathic Mandible
1
Sandeep Atmaramji Jethe, 2Ravi Gupta, 3Jayesh Rahalkar
4
Shivaji Ashok Khedkar, 5Ketan Mhatre, 6Charudatta Naik

ABSTRACT

Introduction: The Churro Jumper is an efficient, inexpensive and uncomplicated fixed flexible functional appliance.
Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of the Churro Jumper appliance in treatment of skeletal Class II malocclusion with retrognathic mandible.
Materials and methods: Six patients were chosen with skeletal Class II malocclusion randomly with mean age of 11 years to 9 months.
Average study period was 4 months. Cephalometric analysis and model analysis were used to measure skeletal and dental changes.
Results: Churro Jumper contributes in correction of Class II molar relationship by dentoalveolar effects on both jaws. There was uprighting of
maxillary incisors and proclination of mandibular incisors.
Conclusion: Churro Jumper is clinically effective as well as efficient appliance in skeletal Class II malocclusion.
Keywords: Churro Jumper, Class II malocclusion.

How to cite this article: Jethe SA, Gupta R, Rahalkar J, Khedkar SA, Mhatre K, Naik C. Evaluation of Clinical Effectiveness of Churro Jumper
Appliance in the Treatment of Skeletal Class II Malocclusion with Retrognathic Mandible. J Ind Orthod Soc 2013;47(2):68-74.

INTRODUCTION an effective and inexpensive alternative force system for the

Functional orthopedic treatment seeks to improve skeletal and
dental relationship of the jaws. The challenging task is to
correctly position jaws anteroposteriorly and vertically with
correct overbite, overjet and centric relation. This can be done
using myofunctional appliances, which require favorable
growth, proper treatment planning and good patient co-
operation.
A number of fixed functional appliances have gained
popularity in recent years to help achieve better results in
noncompliance patients.1
The Churro Jumper2 is a fixed flexible functional appliance
that was introduced by Dr Ricardo Castanon and Dr Larry White
in 1998. The Churro Jumper provides the orthodontists with
1,4
Reader, 2,3Professor, 5Professor and Head, 6Dean
1,5
Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics
Yashwantrao Chavan Memorial and Rural Development Foundation’s
Dental College and Hospital, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India
2,3,6
Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, DY Patil
Dental College and Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
4
Department of Oral Medicine and Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, PDU
Dental College and Hospital, Solapur, Maharashtra, India
Corresponding Author: Shivaji Ashok Khedkar, Reader, Department
of Oral Medicine and Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, PDU Dental
College and Hospital, Kegoan, Solapur, Maharashtra, India
e-mail: drshiva2001@yahoo.com
Received on: 16/12/11
Accepted after Revision: 12/9/12
anteroposterior correction of Class II and III malocclusion.2
The Churro Jumper 2 appliance therapy resulted in
redirection of maxillary growth, mesial tooth movement in
the mandible and distal tooth movement in the maxilla. All of
which are factors of importance for the transformation of the
skeletal Class II malocclusion into neutral occlusion. The
primary advantage of any fixed functional appliance is the
independence of cooperation from the patient.
It has been claimed that; with this appliance, orthopedic
effect could be achieved but proof is lacking. The aim of the
present investigation was to analyze the effect of the Churro
Jumper appliance on the dentofacial complex during the treat-
ment of Class II malocclusion with retrognathic mandible, in
growing children and compares the standard cephalometric
norm before treatment and after 5 months removal of Churro
Jumper.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
The main aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy
of Churro Jumper appliance in the treatment of skeletal Class II
malocclusion with retrognathic mandible.
Other objectives of current study was to evaluate the
changes brought about by the Churro Jumper appliance in
horizontal and vertical direction, the soft tissue changes, the
amount of overjet and overbite reduction, the correction of
molar and canine relationship achieved during the first
5 months of treatment and also the compliance of patient with
Churro Jumper appliance. Also, evaluate the validity of the

68 JAYPEE
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Evaluation of Clinical Effectiveness of Churro Jumper Appliance in the Treatment of Skeletal Class II Malocclusion

‘Predictive equation’ given by Susi Caldwell and Paul Cook

for the expected percentage reduction in overjet.3 Predictive
Equation is expected percentage of reduction in overjet = 132
+ 4.9 × 1 – 1.4 × 2 (where X1 = pretreatment overbite and X2
= pretreatment SNB.3

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Six cases of skeletal Class II malocclusion with retrognathic
mandible were selected. All the patients were in the age group
of 11 and 16 years including both male and female.
Pretreatment cephalometric analysis was done for each
patient and patients with increased angle ANB (4°-8°) and
favorable functional analysis with favorable growth pattern Fig. 1: Churro Jumper
were included. Middle phalanx 3 (MP3) radiograph was also
used to determine the developmental stage of all subjects, only
subjects who were in prepubertal spurts were included in the
study. Patients with moderate to severe crowding, patients who
had undergone orthodontic treatment in the past were excluded
from the study.
The subjects that met the above said criteria were treated
with fixed preadjusted edgewise appliance therapy. The records
collected includes a detailed clinical history, diagnostic casts,
middle phalanx radiograph, orthopantogram and lateral
cephalogram before the treatment and 4 to 6 months after
removal of Churro Jumper appliance and compared with
standardized cephalometric norms.

CONSTRUCTION OF CHURRO JUMPER

Wire of 0.028 inches diameter was used to make a coil of 15
to 20 symmetrical and closely placed circles (Fig. 1).
Then a small disposable plastic syringe filled with a mixed
polyvinyl impression material that was injected into the lumen
of the jumper. This filled the appliance with a material that
does not restrict its flexibility, but prevents the coil from
opening and pinching the tongue and cheeks during its function.
It is important that the ends of the mandibular archwire be
annealed and bent down distal to the terminal molars to act as Figs 2A and B: (A) Measurement from mesial of maxillary headgear
tiebacks that will limit flaring of the mandibular incisors. As tube to distal of mandibular cuspid bracket, (B) Proper length of Churro
Jumper after adding 12 mm to measurement and forming terminal circles
the Churro Jumper needs space to slide on the mandibular
archwire, the first premolar brackets were omitted.
The length of the jumper was determined by the distance
from the distal of the mandibular canine bracket to the mesial
of the headgear tube on the maxillary molar band, plus 10 to
12 mm (Figs 2A and B). This measurement was transferred to
the Churro Jumper, with the coil closer to the canine bracket
than to the headgear tube. The maxillary circles were
completely closed, but the mandibular circles were only
partially closed to allow their placement over the mandibular
archwire and subsequent closure.
A pin made of annealed 0.036" (20 gauge) stainless steel
wire was used to secure the maxillary circle through the distal
of the headgear tube. The maxillary pin was pulled mesially
Fig. 3: Maxillary pin activated by pulling it forward and turning it down.
through the headgear tube until the jumper had a slight buccal Pin initially is not cinched tightly to improve patient comfort and allow
bow in it, and was then bent down (Fig. 3). Initially, the pin future activation

The Journal of Indian Orthodontic Society, April-June 2013;47(2):68-74 69

Sandeep Atmaramji Jethe et al

was not cinched tightly against the tube, which improved patient
comfort and allowed space for later adjustments. At subsequent
appointments, as the teeth moved and adjusted to the forces
of the Churro Jumper, the headgear pin was pulled forward to
reactivate it.
In the preparation of the case for the Churro Jumper the
upper and lower first molars were banded and preadjusted
edgewise 0.022 × 0.028" slot brackets (MBT) were bonded.
The leveling and alignment was achieved using multiple wires
from 0.014" NiTi onward and completed with 0.019 × 0.025"
stainless steel wire.
The study was carried out for 5 months period. Appliance
was removed to collect records required for the study.
Cephalometric Analysis
All the subjects were exposed for lateral cephalometric
radiograph in standing position on PM 2002EC Proline
Planmeca Cephalometric X-ray machine. Kodak 8 × 10" films
were used. The machine settings were standardizing at 68 kvp,
12 mAmp for 0.4 seconds with a film focus distance of 5.2
feet. The radiographs were exposed in natural head position,
recorded by asking the subject to view in their own eyes by
looking into the mirror position on the wall at a distance of
5 feet. All the X-ray films were exposed, developed and fixed
under similar conditions to achieve uniformity of results. All
tracing were carried out directly on the cephalogram manually
by using matt lacquered polyester acetate paper under similar
condition by single individual to reduce systematic error of
cephalometric measurement. The linear and angular measure-
ments were made by using a set-square and protractor with an
accuracy of 0.5 mm and 0.5° respectively.
To calculate method error for cephalometric tracing, all
cephalogram were retraced by the same operator to compute
intraexaminer error by using Dahlberg’s equation. The error
was well within acceptable range for both linear and angular
measurements.
RESULTS
The statistical results obtained from cephalometric analysis
are presented in Tables 1 to 6, and cranial base measurements
in patients with pretreatment and post- treatment.
Saddle angle (N-S-Ar), articular angle (S-Ar-Go), gonial
angle (Ar-Go-Gn), articulare-reference plane (mm), condylion-
reference plane (mm), posterior cranial base length (mm)
showed significant results. Anterior cranial base length (mm)
did not show significant changes. To evaluate the validity of the
‘Predictive Equation’ given by Susi Caldwell and Paul Cook for
the expected percentage reduction in overjet within 4 months
after constant wear of Churro Jumper appliance in Table 7 and
clinical efficiency of Churro Jumper appliance in Table 8.
DISCUSSION
Churro Jumper appliance stimulate overall amount of
mandibular growth in appropriate direction and restrict
unfavorable maxillary growth. This treatment modality with
the concept of pushing mechanics is to deliver positive
vectors of force to stimulate the mandibular growth. Few

Table 1: Changes in anteroposterior skeletal measurements in patients with pretreatment and post-treatment. While angle SNA showed
significant treatment changes, and angle SNB, ANB and angle facial convexity (NA-Pog) showed highly significant treatment changes

Mean Std. deviation T-value p-value

SNA Pretreatment 82.33 2.944 2.892 0.034

Post-treatment 81.250 2.6410
SNB Pretreatment 75.17 1.693 –27.111 0.000
Post-treatment 78.667 1.7795
ANB Pretreatment 7.17 1.571 10.125 0.000
Post-treatment 2.75 0.987
NA-Pog Pretreatment 12.33 3.517 6.734 0.001
Post-treatment 6.583 3.0890

Table 2: Change in mandibular length measurements in patients with pretreatment and post-treatment. All parameters of mandibular unit length
(Co-Gn), mandibular body length (Go-Gn), ramus height (Art-Go), ramus height (Co-Go) and B point to reference plane showed increase treatment
effect on mandible

Mean Std. deviation T-value p-value

Mandibular unit length (Co-Gn) Pretreatment 105.00 4.506 –7.391 0.001

Post-treatment 112.42 5.652
Mandibular body length (Go-Gn) Pretreatment 69.75 2.545 –11.653 0.000
Post-treatment 74.83 3.312
Ramus height (Art-Go) Pretreatment 41.42 3.383 –10.304 0.000
Post-treatment 46.167 3.8035
Ramus height (Co-Go) Pretreatment 50.33 4.468 –7.442 0.001
Post-treatment 56.33 4.412
B point to reference plane Pretreatment 60.833 2.2509 –5.142 0.004
Post-treatment 69.583 3.3677

70 JAYPEE
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Evaluation of Clinical Effectiveness of Churro Jumper Appliance in the Treatment of Skeletal Class II Malocclusion

Table 3: Change in maxillary length measurements in patients with pretreatment and post-treatment.
Maxillary unit length (Co-ANS) and A point to reference plane showed significant changes

Mean Std. deviation T-value p-value

Maxillary unit length (Co-ANS) Pretreatment 93.08 3.121 –5.000 0.004

Post-treatment 93.917 2.8882
A point to reference plane Pretreatment 71.42 1.594 2.445 0.058
Post-treatment 70.833 1.6931

Table 4: Changes in vertical skeletal measurements in patients with pretreatment and post-treatment. Ant. Fac. Ht. (Na-Me),
Post. Fac. Ht. (Se-Go) and mandibular plane angle (SN-GoGn) showed statistically significant changes

Mean Std. deviation T-value p-value

Ant. Fac. Ht (Na-Me) Pretreatment 111.583 5.4901 5.423 0.003

Post-treatment 109.917 5.1616
Post. Fac. Ht. (S-Go) Pretreatment 72.33 3.945 –3.280 0.022
Post-treatment 75.00 5.128
SN-GoGn Pretreatment 27.083 1.8005 3.737 0.013
Post-treatment 24.83 2.137

Table 5: Changes in dental measurements in patients with pretreatment and post-treatment. Upper incisor to SN plane angle, upper incisor to
ref. pl. (mm) showed the significant incisor retraction, lower incisor to mandibular plane (Go-Gn), lower incisor to ref. pl. (mm), also showed
significant labial movement. Incisor overjet showed significant reduction

Mean Std. deviation T-value p-value

U1-SN Pretreatment 115.00 6.550 6.405 0.001

Post-treatment 111.83 5.456
U1-ref. pl Pretreatment 79.417 2.3112 8.216 0.000
Post-treatment 77.917 2.2895
L1-GoGn Pretreatment 104.000 2.3875 –4.781 0.005
Post-treatment 105.333 2.2949
L1-ref. pl Pretreatment 69.50 1.761 –3.990 0.010
Post-treatment 71.33 2.183
Incisor overjet Pretreatment 9.583 2.7096 5.477 0.003
Post-treatment 6.583 2.8534
U6-ref.pl Pretreatment 45.833 1.1255 19.365 0.000
Post-treatment 43.33 0.983
U6-Palatal pl Pretreatment 21.167 1.9408 4.719 0.005
Post-treatment 20.00 1.975
L6-ref. pl Pretreatment 42.583 1.9343 –5.780 0.002
Post-treatment 46.08 2.131
L6-mand. pl Pretreatment 27.50 2.000 –8.000 0.000
Post-treatment 28.83 1.992
Molar overjet Pretreatment 3.25 1.214 0.537 0.614
Post-treatment 2.75 1.440

Upper molar to ref. pl. (mm) showed significant distalization of maxillary molar. Upper molar to palatal pl. (mm) showed significantly intrusion
of upper molar, lower molar to ref. pl. (mm) showed significant mesial movement of lower molar and signifanctly extrusion of molars

authors have reported practical problems with these types
of devices, such as increased frequency of breakage4 and
poor oral hygiene.5
Study comparing the clinical and cephalometric treatment
effect of Churro Jumper appliance have not been reported in
contemporary literature till date.
The concept of natural head position is not new, as it has
been studied by various authors.6,7 Our study employed the
subjects looking into their own eye into a mirror.8,9
The cephalometric analysis used in our study is modified
method introduced by Mills and McCulloch 10 gives the
clinician an opportunity to evaluate treatment results by
relating alternations in sagittal occlusion to skeletal and dental
changes in maxilla and mandible; provides stable landmark for
superimposition method.
Anteroposterior Skeletal Measurement
The maxillary angle analogs to SNA showed minimum
reduction by means of 1.08°. This shows that Churro Jumper
has growth restraining effect on the maxilla. The findings are
in agreement with result of Cope et al11 who attributed this
to occipital-pull headgear like forces acting on the maxilla
from the Jasper Jumper appliance.
Mandibular angle analogs to SNB, indicating forward
mandibular jumping showed increase in angle by 3.497°.
Results are not in agreement with the findings of Cope et
al11 but are in agreement with studies by Stucki and Ingerval,4

The Journal of Indian Orthodontic Society, April-June 2013;47(2):68-74 71

Sandeep Atmaramji Jethe et al

Table 6: Changes in soft tissue measurements in patients with pretreatment and post-treatment. In post-treatment group showed significant
forward movement lower lip and soft tissue pogonion, also showed significant reduction of H-line angle and lip strain

Mean Std. deviation T-value p-value

Nasolabial angles Pretreatment 85.50 7.183 –3.965 0.011

Post-treatment 89.83 6.113
Nasomental angle Pretreatment 117.75 5.270 –7.000 0.001
Post-treatment 120.67 5.125
Upper lip prominence Pretreatment 6.92 1.625 5.420 0.003
Post-treatment 3.833 0.6831
Lower lip prominence Pretreatment 4.500 1.4142 –7.000 0.001
Post-treatment 6.25 0.987
Chin prominence Pretreatment –3.08 8.919 –3.686 0.014
Post-treatment 2.92 5.314
Lip strain Pretreatment 3.08 1.201 10.000 0.000
Post-treatment 1.42 0.917
H-line angle Pretreatment 25.00 4.909 7.337 0.001
Post-treatment 20.42 3.666
Merrifield Z angle Pretreatment 60.08 6.216 –7.511 0.001
Post-treatment 63.500 5.6745
Soft tissue chin thickness Pretreatment 7.417 10.3509 –1.088 0.326
Post-treatment 12.33 1.722

Table 7: Predictive equation given by Susi Caldwell and Paul Cook for the expected percentage reduction in overjet within 4 months after
constant wear of Churro Jumper appliance showed highly significant reduction in overjet in post-treatment group

Mean Std. deviation T-value p-value

Expected % overjet reduction Pretreatment 52.083 5.4116 19.250 0.000

Post-treatment 34.117 3.2658

Table 8: Clinical efficiency of Churro Jumper. The clinical investigation showed increase in difficulty in mastication, difficulty in mandibular
movement and maintaining oral hygiene. Some patients also showed muscle pain, ulcer but that is not significant. All patients showed highly
significantly breakage of appliance

Clinical parameters Patient 1 Patient 2 Patient 3 Patient 4 Patient 5 Patient 6

Difficulty in mastication Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Muscle pain No No Yes Yes No No
TMJ pain No No No No No No
Ulcers No No No Yes No Yes
Difficulty in mandibular movements Yes No Yes No Yes Yes
Difficulty in maintaining oral hygiene Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Comfort Yes Yes Yes Yes No No
Breakage Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

and Weiland.12 It seems possible that the forward growth of
mandible is due to glenoid fossa remodeling.13,14
The mean difference of ANB pre- and post-treatment was
4.42°. The mean difference of NA-pog pre- and post-
treatment was 5.747° and is statistically significant. These
findings are in agreement with result of Cope et al11 and
Nazan et al.15
Mandibular Length Measurements
The mean difference in the pre- and post-treatment values for:
mandibular unit length (Co-Gn)—7.42 mm, mandibular body
length (Go-Gn)—5.08 mm, ramus height (Art.-Go)—4.747
mm, ramus height (Co-Go)—6 mm and B point to reference
plane—8.75 mm. All the values were statistically significant.
Results are in agreement with Stucki N and Ingervall B,4 and
Weiland FJ,12 who demonstrated that both dentoalveolar
movement and skeletal movement accomplish the Class II
correction in Churro Jumper therapy.
Maxillary Length Measurements
The mean difference in the pre- and post-treatment values
for respective measurements were maxillary unit length
(Co-SubANS)—0.837 mm, A point to reference plane—
0.587 mm. The decrease in the SNA angle and the backward
relocation of a point A indicated that the appliance also had
a skeletal effect on the maxilla. Furthermore, the uprighting
on the upper incisors led to a forward relocation of the point
A, because of appositional changes at alveolar area. This may
camouflage the restrictive effects on the maxilla. The
findings of this study are in agreement with results of Cope
JB et al11 and Nazan et al.15
Vertical Skeletal Measurements
Results of the study showed reduced anterior facial height.
This is due to extrusion of lower molar and remodeling changes
in glenoid fossa that may have reduced the mandibular plane
angle. The findings are in agreement with results of Ulgen et

72 JAYPEE

Evaluation of Clinical Effectiveness of Churro Jumper Appliance in the Treatment of Skeletal Class II Malocclusion
al16 who stated that the reason for the stability in the vertical
dimension was the horizontal growth.
Cranial Base Measurements
The measurements of cranial base in relation to mandible are
significant whereas the actual length of the cranial base in itself
has not changed.
Dental Measurements
Upper Incisor and Molar Measurements
The mean position of upper incisors and upper molars were
significantly reduced with respect to SN plane and reference
plane. This study is in agreement with Herbst17 and cervical
traction. This difference in treatment response is due to
maxillary dentition of the Churro Jumper which was tied
together as a unit. This indicates that the line of force
application of the appliance which is below and behind the
unit’s center of resistance. This could have resulted in
controlled posterior tipping of incisors and molars around their
apices.
Lower Incisors and Molar Measurements
The skeletal and dental contribution together positioned
mandibular incisors mesially by a highly significant margin in
post-treatment group. These results are in accordance with
the findings reported by Weiland,12 Cope et al,11 Heining and
Goz.18 This marked protrusion of lower incisors is due to the
force vector of the spring acting on the continuous mandibular
archwire, where force acting slightly above center of resistance
at the level of clinical crown.
The mandibular molar mesialization was cumulative effect
of both skeletal and dental changes, analyzing change in
position of mandibular molar within the mandible. We found
that it moved mesially in Churro Jumper. The result are in
agreement with Cope et al11 and Heining and Goz18 indicating
that despite of precautions taken to provide stable anchorage
of the dental arches, dentoalveolar changes occurred during
the Churro Jumper period, which can be considered as
anchorage loss, functional appliances produce dental effect
that may mask and inhibit the desired skeletal changes.19
Incisor and Molar Overjet
Mean values of incisor and molar overjet are 3 and 0.5 mm
respectively. The incisor overjet is statistically significant
whereas the molar overjet is not.
Soft Tissue Measurements
Lip strains were decreased during the Churro Jumper
application because upper incisors were uprighted during the
process. The lower lip also moved forward due to change in
lower lip position because of significant movement of soft
tissue pogonion was found in the Churro Jumper. Our findings
are supported by Cope et al11 and Nazan et al,15 who stated
The Journal of Indian Orthodontic Society, April-June 2013;47(2):68-74
JIOS
that Churro Jumper appliance promotes horizontal growth at
the pogonion area and the overlying soft tissue reflects that
change.
Clinical Efficiency
Clinical investigation revealed moderate pain in masticatory
muscle after insertion of Churro Jumper in 33.3% patients.
This is in agreement to the finding of Pancherz.20 The forceful
forward bringing of mandible resulted in disharmony of the
position of condyle leading to hyperactivity of the jaw
musculature resulting in increased frequency of muscle
tenderness.21
The similar masticatory difficulties were present initially
during first observation period with this appliance (100%).
This problem may be due to new pattern of mandibular position
established by the functional appliances.5
About 33.3% patients experienced ulceration on the buccal
mucosa. This is generally due to open coil spring being too
firmly tensioned so that metal cuts into mucosa.1
One hundred percent of patients with Churro Jumper
appliance showed difficulty in oral hygiene maintenance. These
findings are similar to those reported by Schwindling FP,5 who
reported that buccal bowing of appliance prevents effective
brushing in buccal area.
A total of 66.7% patients were comfortable with this
appliance but high breakage was noted. The major drawbacks
with these appliances are propensity with which fractures can
occur both in appliance itself (mainly in areas that have more
acute angles) and in support system (mainly in lower arch).
Another drawback is the tendency of the patient to chew on
the appliance, possibly contributing to breakage. Our results
are in accordance with those obtained by Ritto.1
Predictive equation given by Susi Caldwell and Paul Cook
for expected percentage reduction in overjet within 4 months
after constant wear of Churro Jumper appliance is valid. Our
results are in agreement with (study done by Caldwell and
Cook).3
CONCLUSION
Churro Jumper contributes in correction of Class II molar
relationship by differential dentoalveolar effects on both jaws.
There is a maxillary restraining effect to which the
dentoalveolar effect contributes more as compared to skeletal
effect.
The reduced mandibular plane angle and reduced anterior
facial height may be due to glenoid fossa remodeling and
increase in the ramus height leading to anticlockwise rotation
of the mandible.
Churro Jumper is clinically effective as well as efficient
appliance to correct the skeletal Class II malocclusion. The
only problem with this appliance is its frequent breakage and
oral hygiene maintenance causing inconvenience to both the
patient as well as the operator.
73
Sandeep Atmaramji Jethe et al

This study describes the short-term effects of Churro
Jumper on Class II malocclusions. The results achieved in
treated patients are quiet encouraging. Further research will
be needed to assess the long-term results and to confirm the
present finding.
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appliance treatment: A prospective study. Euro J Orthod
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correction of Class II malocclusion in the young permanent
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Erratum

It has been brought to the notice of the Journal of Indian Orthodontic Society Editorial Team that the article by Hegde T, Dattada H, Jaiswal RK, titled
“An Avant-garde Indirect Bonding Technique for Lingual Orthodontics using the First Complete Digital ‘TAD’ (Torque Angulation Device), & ‘BPD’
(Bracket Positioning Device)”. J Ind Orthod Soc 2010;44(2):9-16 omitted to cite the most important person Mr Peter D Sheffield, the innovator of the
device that is mentioned in the article. After due examination of the matter put forward by the original copyright holder of the figures, Mr Peter Sheffield
(who also holds the intellectual property rights for BPD) and response of the primary and corresponding authors, the investigation committee has
concluded to state that Mr Peter D Sheffield holds the right to be the first author of the article and, henceforth, this article should be cited as:
Sheffield PD, Hegde T, Dattada H, Jaiswal RK. An Avant-garde Indirect Bonding Technique for Lingual Orthodontics using the First Complete Digital
‘TAD’ (Torque Angulation Device), & ‘BPD’ (Bracket Positioning Device). J Ind Orthod Soc 2010;44(2):9-16.

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