I.

OBJECTIVES:
- To demonstrate the general properties of frequency-modulated (FM) signals.
-Understanding the principle of frequency modulation.

II. MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENTS:

-Personal computer with appropriate software installed
-NI ELVIS plus connecting leads
-NI Data Acquisition unit such as the USB-6251 (or a 20mhz dual channel -
oscilloscope)
-Emona datex experimental add-in module
-Two BNC to 2mm banana-plug leads
-Assorted 2mm banana-plug patch leads

III. DATA AND RESULTS:

Figure 1 : Frequency modulating a square wave

Question 1:
Why does the frequency of the carrier change?
Because frequency modulation (FM) uses a message’s amplitude to vary the
frequency of a carrier instead of its amplitude.________________________

Question 2:
How do the totals in Tables 2 and 3 compare with the value in Table 1?
Almost the same.________________________________________________

Question 3:
What do these measurements help to prove? Explain your answer.
Constant power consumption due to constant envelop of unmodulated signal.

Question 4:
Calculate the bandwidth of a 50kHz carrier amplitude modulated by 2kHz
sinewave?
2.45kHz.______________________________________________________

Question 5:
How does the FM signal’s bandwidth compare to an AM signal’s bandwidth
for the same inputs?
The bandwidth of FM is higher than AM.______________________________

Question 6:
What is the relationship between the message signal’s amplitude and the FM
signal’s bandwidth?
When the amplitude of the message signal gets higher, the bandwidth also
gets higher.__________________________________________________
IV. CONCLUSION

After performing this experiment, I was able to demonstrate the general

properties of frequency-modulated (FM) signals, and understand the principle
of frequency modulation. I have observed the distribution of power between
the carrier and sidebands with varying its modulation using the dynamic
signal analyzer of NI ELVIS, also I have figured out that the power in FM
signal is constant by performing this experiment. Overall the experiment was
successful.