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▪ H2 A
▪ MHA
▪ M2 A
1

H2 A
H+ 4 + 𝐾a1 H + 3 + 𝐾a1 𝐾a2 + CH2A 𝐾a1 − 𝐾W H + 2

− 2CH2A 𝐾a1 𝐾a2 + 𝐾a1 𝐾W H+

−𝐾a1 𝐾a2 𝐾W = 0.

H+ 3 + 𝐾a1 H + 2 + 𝐾a1 𝐾a2 − CH2 A 𝐾a1 H +

− 2𝐾a1 𝐾a2 𝐾W = 0.

H+ 2 + 𝐾a1 H + − CH2 A 𝐾a1 = 0

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M2 A
H + 4 + 𝐾a1 + 2CM2A H + 3
+ 𝐾a1 𝐾a2 + CM2A 𝐾a1 − 𝐾W H + 2 − 𝐾a1 𝐾W H +
−𝐾a1 𝐾a2 𝐾W = 0.

2CM2 A H + 3 + CM2 A 𝐾a1 − 𝐾W H + 2

− 𝐾a1 𝐾W H + − 𝐾a1 𝐾a2 𝐾W = 0.

OH − 2 + 𝐾b1 OH − − CM2 A 𝐾b1 = 0

MHA
H+ 4 + 𝐾a1 + CMHA H + 3 + 𝐾a1 𝐾a2 − 𝐾W H + 2

− CMHA 𝐾a1 𝐾a2 + 𝐾a1 𝐾W H +

−𝐾a1 𝐾a2 𝐾W = 0.

𝐾a1 𝐾a2 HA− + 𝐾a1 𝐾W

H+ =
𝐾a1 + HA−

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+
𝐾a1 𝐾a2 CMHA + 𝐾a1 𝐾W
H =
𝐾a1 + CMHA

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pHC ≅ p𝐾a1 + p𝐾a2
2
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Harris, Quantitative chemical analysis, 8e

© 2011 W. H. Freeman

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p𝐾a1 = 2.344 p𝐾a2 = 9.868

+
H2 Ala HAla Ala−
1.990 3.900 10.002
H3 Asp + H2 Asp HAsp− Asp2−
1.60 5.97 9.28
2+
H3 His H2 His + HHis His −

H2 AlaCl
HAla
NaAla

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2.344 9.868
H2 Ala+ HAla Ala−

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p𝐾a1 = 2.088 p𝐾a2 = 9.100

H2 Thr + HThr Thr −

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CHA−
pHC = p𝐾a1 + Log (29)
CH 2 A
CA2−
pHC = p𝐾a2 + Log (30)
CHA−
▪ p𝐾a
▪

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H2 AlaCl HAla

2.344 9.868
H2 Ala+ HAla Ala−

HAla NaAla

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Na2 CO3 /NaHCO3

Na2 CO3 NaHCO3

H2 CO3 p𝐾a1 = 6.35; p𝐾a2 = 10.33

H2 A A− H2 A

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H2 Oxa
p𝐾a1 = 1.252 p𝐾a2 = 4.266

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p𝐾a1 = 1.010 p𝐾a2 = 5.390

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