EVALUATION OF FACTORS CAUSING TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS: COMPARISON BETWEEN LAHORE &

BEIJING

1. Introduction
Since the inception of trade, transportation has been of vital importance. Commuters have been
using various mode of transport to facilitate themselves and the use of modes has evolved over
the period of time bringing an efficient, effective and fast mode of transport [1]. With the increase
in the world population the need for trade has also become more crucial which has incurred
certain problems for the trade industry. The establishment of industrial sector have caused the
number of trade units on roads to increase exponentially thus increasing traffic. Similarly, the use
of private vehicles has also increased, causing number of problems which has led to increase in
the number of accidents per year [2]. Accidents are considered to one of the impeding factors in
the safe operation of the vehicles on roads. Accidents have proven very dangerous in nature and
often caused severe damage or even death. In this era of hastiness, traffic accidents are very
common and have become a big issue for transportation authorities to handle [3]. It is more acute
in developing countries where a several numbers of factors contribute to the risk of collisions e.g.
operating speed, condition of the roads, roads environment, traffic congestion, driver’s
capabilities or driver’s behavior [4]. Traffic accidents may result in causality, death and property
damage. Different studies have been carried out for prevention of accidents. However, there is
no system established that can uproot this problem. Traffic engineers have given this factor a lot
of consideration. The main aim of the engineers is to devise a system that will allow a continuous,
safe and efficient transportation of the vehicle on roads thus avoiding traffic accidents [5,6].

2. Significance of Research
This research would help control the factors causing traffic accidents on roads thus reducing the
number of fatalities, injuries and property damages. This will help increase safety on the roads and
will take us further in achieving the aim of zero deaths by traffic accidents on the road.

3. Problem Definition
Accidents are becoming an inevitable issue. They often cause death or serious injuries [7].
Number of people on road is increasing day by day causing an increased number of vehicles on roads.
This has given rise to numbers of traffic accidents on roads. The increasing crash rate have
demanded a systematic analysis to evolve possible solutions and their counter measures to
improve safety on roads. This research will include the following study;
• To find out the major causes of traffic accidents.
• To suggest proper preventive measure to avoid accidents in future

4. Scope
The scope of project only includes the study of factors causing traffic accidents in Lahore and
Beijing. In the recent years the accidents ratio has increased in a drastic manner [8]. The rising
ratio of accidents have questioned safety of traffic on roads. The increase in the Road Traffic
Accident (RTAs) with increasing burden of traffic have also created a demand for a proper study
 EVALUATION OF FACTORS CAUSING TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS: COMPARISON BETWEEN LAHORE &
BEIJING

of traffic accidents and suitable measures to be adopted for enhancing the safety of vehicles on
roads [9].

5. Research Questions
I. What are the current conditions of traffic accidents in Lahore and Beijing?
II. What current measures are been taken to avoid traffic accidents?
III. What are the factors causing these traffic accidents?
IV. How these factors can be controlled?

6. Objectives
The main objectives are:

• To identify different parameters causing accidents.

• To analyze the identified parameters
• To compare the traffic conditions of Lahore and Beijing.
• To present recommendations on the basis of best practices being implemented around
the globe.

7. Proposed Methods
Questionnaires, interviews and observations will be used to collect data. Simple random sampling
technique will be used to obtain the sample for study. Analysis will be carried out using statistical
software SPSS.

8. Research Timeline
 EVALUATION OF FACTORS CAUSING TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS: COMPARISON BETWEEN LAHORE &
BEIJING

9. Expected Conclusions
Factors like age, stress, over speeding, improper lighting etc. may be identified as factors causing
traffic accidents. Implementing solutions to overcome these factors would result in reducing
traffic accidents on road.

10. References
[1] Chambers, M. B. &. G., Investigating Accidents and Incidents, Health and Safety Executives.

[2] Khan, D. A., & Fatmi, Z. (2014). Strategies for Prevention of Road Traffic Injuries (RTIs).
Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan 2014, Vol. 24.

[3] Altwaijri, D. A. (2013). Analysing the Frequency of Traffic Crashes in Riyadh City Using
Statistical Models and Geographical Information Systems (GIS).

[4] Amedrome, S. K., & Stanislaus, N. (2014). Analyzing the Causes of Road Traffic Accidents
in Kumasi Metropolis. International Journal of Engineering Innovation & Research.

[5] Chambers, M. B. (n.d.). Investigating Accidents and Incidents. Health and Safety Executives.

[6] Committee, D. (2007). Manual on Classification of Motor Vehicle Traffic Accidents. National
Security Council.

[7] Ecola, L., Popper, S., Silberglitt, R., & Fraade-Blanar, L. (2018). The road to zero: A vision
for achieving zero roadway deaths by 2050. RAND Corporation.

[8] Haider, M. (2015). Size of economy increases to $304 billion. The News.

[9] Hammoudi, A. A. (2014). Causes and Strategies to Reduce Road Traffic Accidents. abu dhabi:
Cardiff School of Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University.

[10] Hobeika, J. E. (2006). Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems. Virginia: Taylor &
Francis.

[11] Hyder, A., Ghaffar, A., & Masood, T. I. (2000). Motor vehicle crashes in Pakistan: the
emerging epidemic. Injury Prevention 2000, 6(3).

[12] J. Ohakwe, I.S. Iwueze, & D.C. Chikezie. (2011). Analysis of Road Traffic Accidents in
Nigeria: A Case Study of Obinze/Nekede/Iheagwa Road in Imo State, Southeastern,
Nigeria. Asian Journal of Applied Sciences, 4, 166-175.

[13] Jadaan, K. (1992). Accident Analysis & Prevention: A perspective on road fatalities in
Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Jeddah.

[14] Meyer, S. (2014). Traffic hazard perception among children.

 EVALUATION OF FACTORS CAUSING TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS: COMPARISON BETWEEN LAHORE &
BEIJING

[15] Nedal T. Ratrouta, S. C. (November,2016). Characterization of crash-prone drivers in Saudi

Arabia – A multivariate analysis.

[16] Rahman, S. M. (2017). Characterization of crash-prone drivers in Saudi Arabia – A

multivariate analysis.

[17] Rajeshwar S. , P., Rohan C. , H., & Mohit V. , R. (2017). Pattern of head injury in central
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[18] Redshaw, S. (2006). Driving Cultures: Cars, Young People and Cultural Research.

[19] Sarwar Shah, S., Khoumbati, K., & Soomro, B. (2007). The pattern of deaths in road traffic
crashes in Sindh, Pakistan. International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion.

[20] Shahzad, M. (December 30,2016). On Lahore's roads, almost one death a day. The Express
Tribune.

[21] W. Odero', P. G. (May,1997). Road traffic injuries in developing countries: a comprehensive

review of epidemiological studies.