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Patrol officers - are uniformed officers assigned to monitor specific geographical areas, that is to move through their areas
at regular intervals looking out for any signs of problems of any kind.
History of Patrol
Sheriff - is a contraction of the term "shire-reeve" - designated a royal official responsible for keeping the peace
through out a shire or county on behalf of the king.
Reeve - a senior official with local responsibilities under the crown. ex., chief magistrate of a town or district.
Shire - traditional term for a division of land in the UK and Australia.
Jury - is a sworn body of people convened to render impartial verdict officially submitted to them by a court or to set
a penalty or judgement.
Thief taker - a private individual hired to capture criminal.
Bow street runners - London's first professional police force.
Henry Fielding - a magistrate educated at Elton college who founded the Bow street runners originally numbered
just six.
Statute of Winchester - in 1285, obliged the authorities of every town to keep a watch at the city gates and arrest all
suspicious night walkers.
Sir Robert Peel - prime minister of England from Dec. 1834 to April 1835 and again From Aug.1841 to June 1846.
While home secretary, help create the modern concept of the police force leading to officers being known as bobbies
in England and peelers in Ireland.
Patrick Colquhoun - (1745 - 1820) - a Scottish merchant and a magistrate who founded the first regular preventive
police force in England, the Thames river police.
August Vollmer - first police chief of Berkeley California. He is sometimes called the father of modern law
enforcement in the US.
O.W. Wilson - studied under August Vollmer. Became Chief of Police of the Fullerton police department. He also
became chief of police of the Wichita police department. He introduced the following reforms and innovations:
Community policing - is the process by which an organized group of citizens devoted a time to crime prevention within a
neighborhood. When suspecting criminal activities, members are encourage to contact the authorities and not to intervene.
Beat patrol - the deployment of officers in a given community, area or locality to prevent and deter criminal activity and to
provide day to day services to the community.
Sting Operations - organized groups of detectives who deceived criminals into openly committing illegal acts of conspiring to
engage in criminal activity.
Hotspots of Crime - the view that a significant portion of all police calls in cities typically radiate from a relatively few
locations.
Models of Policing
1. Neighborhood Oriented Policing - a philosophy of
police suggesting that problem solving is best done
at the neighborhood level, where issues originate
not at a far-off central headquarters.
2. Pro Active Policing - aggressive law enforcement
style in which patrol officers take the initiative
against crime instead of waiting for criminal acts to
occur.
3. Problem Oriented Policing - a style of police
management that stresses pro active problem
solving instead of reactive crime fighting.
4.Community Oriented Policing - programs designed
to bring the police and the public closer together
and create more cooperative working environment
between them.
5. Reactive Policing - the opposite of Pro Active
policing where the police wait for crime to occur.
Cynicism - the belief that most peoples actions are motivated solely by personal needs and selfishness.
Civilian Review Board - ex. PLEB - organized citizen groups that examine police misconduct.
Fleeing Felon Rule - the oldest standard relating to the use of deadly force.
Deadly Force - police killing of a suspect who resists arrest or presents a danger to an officer or the community.
Booking - the administrative record of an arrest listing the offenders name, address, physical description, date of birth, time
of arrest, offense and name of arresting officer. It also include photographing and fingerprinting of the offender.
Line Up - placing a suspect in a group for the purpose of being viewed and identified by a witness.
Stop and Frisk - the situation in which police officers who are suspicious of an individual run their hands lightly over the
suspects outer garments to determine if the person is carrying a concealed weapon. Also called Inquiry of Pat Down.
Foot Patrol - police patrol that takes officer out of cars and puts them in walking beat to strengthen ties with the community.
Excited Delirium - an overdose of adrenaline that can occur in heated confrontation with the police.
The Phantom Effect - "residual deterrence" most people believe that the police is present even when the are not in sight.
Sworn Date - the date that a sworn employee took the oath of office for their position.
Definition of Terms
1. Section - a primary subdivision of a bureau with a
department wide responsibility for providing a
specific specialized functions.
2. Unit - a subdivision of a section usually small in
size with personnel assigned to perform a
specialized activity, one or two employees
performing assigned
work.
3. Squad - a subdivision of a unit.
4. Detail - a subdivision of a squad.
5. Precinct -the primary geographic subdivision of
the patrol operation bureau.
6. Sector - the primary geographic subdivision of a
precinct, supervised by a sergeant.
7. Beat - the primary subdivision of a sector.
8. Watch/Shift - one of several tours of duty.
9. Post - a fixed geographic location usually assigned
to an individual officer.
10.Task Force - an adhoc work group normally
established by bureau commander to respond to a
specific incident or series of related incidents. Task
Force assignment is temporary.
11.Chief of Police - overall commander of the
department.
12.Chain of Command - a fundamental component
of proper supervision.The chain of command
requires that each employee reports and is
accountable to only one direct supervisor.