Chapter I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction
In a school, it is a must for canteen operators or
concessionaires that there will be proper sanitation in
relation to food preparation and handling. Moreover, good
hygiene and safe water are also essential to ensure good health
and safe eating of the customers. Sanitation is very important
in order to keep good health. The lack of these important
components may cause many diseases and the spread of it. Food
borne disease is a common, but preventable, burden of illness
worldwide. In line with this, it is critical for the researchers
to do action, focusing on preventing disease transmission within
the food industry. Sanitation within the food industry means the
adequate treatment of food-contact surfaces by a process that
is effective in destroying vegetative cells of microorganisms of
public health significance, and in substantially reducing
numbers of other undesirable microorganisms, but without
adversely affecting the food or its safety for the consumer
(George, 2008).
Over 70,000 Filipino children have died of diarrhea in span of
seven years. It was co-conducted with the Department of Health
and United Nations Children Emergency Fund (UNICEF), this figure
makes diarrhea the fourth leading cause of deaths among children
less than five years old and the third leading cause of illness
among the children and it is expected to cause 10,000 deaths
every year. Meanwhile, health specialists revealed that the
Philippines ranks second among 13 countries included in the
Census in terms of the number of diarrhea cases (DOH, 2014).
This study is also anchored on Florence Nightingale's
Environmental Theory which had environmental aspects of
ventilation, warmth, quiet, diet, and cleanliness that remains a
significant component of current nursing until today. Moreover
the disposal of waste, such as chemicals and other toxic also
pose challenges to healthcare professionals to reconsider the
concept of a healthy environment. Nightingale believed that the
environment was the major component creating illness in a
patient; hence regarded disease as “the reactions of kindly
nature against the conditions in which we have placed
ourselves” (Balita & Octaviano, 2008).
Nightingale also defined health as a state of being well and
using every power the individual possesses to the fullest
extent. According to Nightingale, disease is “a reparative
process that nature instituted from a want of nutrition”. She
supposed that prevention of disease through environmental
control will greatly uplift the maintenance of health. She
believed that the sick, poor people would benefit from
environmental improvements that addressed their physical and
mental aspects. The environment paradigm in Nightingale's model
is understandably the most important aspect. Her observations
taught her that unsanitary environments contribute greatly to
ill health, and that the environment can be altered in order to
improve conditions (Balita & Octaviano, 2008).
Theoretical framework
This study is based on the environmental theory OF Florence
Nightingale. As the founder of modern nursing, Florence
Nightingale’s. Nightingale stated that nursing “ought to signify
the proper use of fresh air, light, warmth, cleanliness, quiet,
and the proper selection and administration of diet- all at the
least expense of vital power to the patient,”
She reflected the art of nursing in her statement that, “the art
of nursing, as now practiced, seems to beexpressly constituted
to unmake what God had made disease to be, viz., a reparative
process.”
The environmental paradigm in Nightingale’s model is
understandably the most important aspect. Her observations
taught her that insanitary environments contribute greatly to
ill healyh, and that the environment can be altered in order to
improve conditions for a patient and allow healing accur.
Nightingale’s modern theory also impacted nursing education. She
was the first to suggest that nurses be specifically educated
and trained for their positions in healthcare. This allowed
there to be standards of care in the field of nursing, which
helped improve overall care of patients.
 Research Paradigm

Input Process
Output

1. The profile of the

respondents

1.1 Age
1.2 Civil Status
Data gather through Results are basis for
1.3 Highest
structured questionnaire recommendation to the
Educational
attainment municipality of Camasi,
1.4 Occupation Peñablanca Cagayan.
1.5 Source of
information

2. The level of
awareness of the
respondents
3. The significant.
Relationship between
profiles of the
respondents to their
level of awareness

Statement of the problem

This study aims to assess the level of awareness and cleanliness
of the respondents on health and sanitary practices of Medical
Colleges of Northern Phillipines and International School of
Asia and the Pacific.
1.What is the profile of the respondents in terms of

1.1 Age

1.2 Civil Status

1.3 highest Educational attainment

1.4 occupation

1.5 Source of information

2. What is the level of awarenessof the respondents

3. The significant relationship between profiles of the

respondents to their level of awareness

Hypotheses
There is no significant relationship between the profile of the
responjdents to their level of awareness.

Significance of the study

The finding and result of the present study would primarily
benefits the students and might as well the teachers. Likewise,
it was the objective of this study to evaluate the difficulties
encountered by the students bas the kind of service that they
received and identifying the aspect of the school canteen
management that should be improved. Moreover, this research may
provide oppotunities for reflective thought and thereby enhance
professionalism among numbers of the cooperative, so that they
improve efficiency and offer delicious yet affordable food. The
results of ths study could provide the management of the
cooperative with the information about the present status of the
school canteen and to let them know that the existing situation
really affects the totality of the service that they are
rendering. The results of the study will also make a management
realize the need to objectively solve the problems encountered
in the canteen operations. The findings may also serve as a
guide for canteen managers in the palnning, preparations and
implementation of their new programs. The study will provide
some insights and information on how they will manage the
canteen for the benefit of the costumers such as the teachers
and the students who are their main clients who mut be served
and be satisfied.

To the School President and Vice President. The result of

this study can help them in guiding the teachers and personnel,
specially the canteen managers, in proper management and
operation of the school canteen as part of the administrative
arm and as one of the school’s tools in fulfilling its duties to
its major stakeholders, who are the students in their respective
schools.

To the school canteen managers. The study will serve as

guiding principals in it’s total operating considering the
quantity and quality of services to its client. The result of
the study may also serve as enlightment for them as overseers to
continuosly improve their services and be of help to clients
bearing in mind their social responsibility and not to focus on
profitability alone. The study could also be of help for the
canteen managers planning. Preparation, and implementation of
their new programs.

To the teachers and personnel. This study may serve as

information for them to help canteen managers in the operation
of the canteen. This may also serve as an eye-opener for them to
actively take part in maintaining the good service of the
canteen and be able to recognize its value to the school. They
may also be aware of their part as cooperative members and so
they must imbibe the concept to shared capital and resources
with the sense of ownership and for them to also serve as tool
in improving the canteen services and patronizing its products
and services.
Specially, this study will benefit the different
stakeholders as it may be an input which can be of advantage to
the following:
To other education administrators. The result of the study
may be of great help in improving the effectiveness in their
respective area of canteen operations.
To the students. The study may give result in
understanding regarding helping out in patrionizing the canteen
services and appreciating its effort in providing nutricious
foods and better services for the benefit of the students.
To other reserchers. The data gathered in the study may
serve as baseline and references for future studies related to
the present study and for other researchers to look into other
variables not covered within the bound of this study.

Scope and Delimination

The study will focus on the assessment of the canteen management
practices as perceived by the teachers and canteen personnel of
Medical Colleges of Northern Philippines and International
School of Asia and the Pacific. This study will be limited to
the assestment of school canteen management practices in terms
of quality and quantity of food served. Kinds of service
rendered to the costumers, prices of the commodities,
utilization of canteen facilities, trasparency of profit, and
efficiency of cooperative staff.

Definition of terms.
Health- The World Health Organization (WHO) defined human helath
in a broader sense in its 1948 constitution as “a state of
complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely
the absence of disease or infirmity.”
Sanitation- Food hygiene are the conditions and measures
necessary to ensure the safety of food from production to
consumption. Food can become contaminated at any point during
slaughtering or harvesting, processing, storage, distribution,
transportation and preparation. Lack of adequate food hygiene
can lead to foodborne diseases and death of the consumer.
Environment- The second part of food safety in a school canteen
is keeping the space itself clean and free of bacteria. Never
allow the room to become a habitat for pests of any type. They
spread germs and will be attracted to any foods that are left
out or open. You should use food safe pest control, keep doors
and windows sealed and shut and dispose of garbage properly.
 Chapter III
Research Methodology
This chapter represents the research design, respondents of the
study, data gathering tool, data gathering procedures and
statistical treatment of data to analyze the gathered data and
information.

Research Design
A descriptive correlation research design was used in this study
in data generation to describe awareness in health and sanitary
practices of school canteen in Medical Colleges of Northern
Philippines and International School of Asia and the Pacific.
The study also made use of quantitative research in which
questionnaire were given to the respondents to answer.

Respondents of the Study

the respondents of the study are the students, teachers and
Administrators of Medical Colleges of Northern Philippine and
International School of Asia and the Pacific.

Data Gathering Tool

The primary instrument used in data gathering tool was a
structured questionnaire based on gathering literatures. There
are three parts of questionnaire. First part compose of the
consent form that asks permission to answer the demographic data
which consists of the age, civil status etc. Second part will
determine their source of information about health and sanitary
practices. And the third part is the level of awareness of
sanitary management regarding the health of the students and
teachers.

Data Gathering procedure

Upon mapping up all the necessary documents and procedure, the
researchers will seek the permission to conduct the study
through channels. The survey questionnaires will be distributed
to the respondents. Questionnaires will immediately be retrieved
and to appeal to the respondents to be sincere and honest to
make the results valuable and valid.

Data Analysis
The following are the statistical tools utilized by the
researcher in the treatment, analyzing and interpretation of the
data. The researcher will use the frequency count and percentage
distribution to statistically quantify the demographic profile
of the respondents. Researchers will use pearson-R to determine
the relationship between the problem and the health and sanitary
practices and ANOVA to determine the difference to health and
sanitation.