Zahid E Notes

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1. What is lanthanide contraction?

2. Name various classes of hydrides.
3. Why metallic character increases from top to bottom in a group of metals?
4. Alkali metals give ionic hydrides. Why?
5. Give four uses of nitric acid.
6. Oxidation state usually remains same in a group. Why?
7. Give any two similarities and two difference of hydrogen with IVA group.
8. Why 2% gypsum is added to cement?
9. Write two differences of Be with its family members.
10.Give reaction of P O with cold and hot water.
11.What happens when i. Li CO heated. ii. Na CO is heated
12.Aqueous solution of borax is alkaline. Give reason. (2)
13.What is carbonization?
14.Explain structure of CO .
15.Write carbon content in pig iron and wrought iron.
16.Write two uses of sodium silicate. (2)

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17.How borax can be prepared from colemanite? Give equation.

18.SO can be dissolved in H SO and not in water. Why?
19.Give formula of: (i) Natron (ii) Halite
20.Write names and formulas of oxyacids of nitrogen.
21.What is iodized salt?
22.Write any two uses of krypton.
23.What are Freons and Teflon?
24.Describe two uses of helium.
25.Why solubility of noble gases increases down the group?
26.Why the elements of group VIA other than oxygen show more than two oxidation
states?
27.Write down two chemical equations that show that H SO is dehydrating agent.
28.Describe chromyl chloride test for chloride radical. Also write chemical equation in
support of your answer. (2)
29.How octane number of gasoline is improved? Explain with example.
30.What are aromatic compounds? Explain with examples.
31.Explain Markownikov’s rule with suitable example. (2)
32.Convert ethyne into acetaldehyde.
33.Convert acetaldehyde into lactic acid.
34.Give mechanism of nitration of benzene.
35.Give reaction of benzene with ozone.
36.What are alicyclic compounds? Give two examples.
37.What are heterocyclic compounds?
38.What is leaving group and substrate?
39.Give reaction of Grignard’s reagent with CO followed by hydrolysis in acid medium.
40.Give mechanism of S 1 reaction.
41.Convert acetone into ethyl alcohol.
42.Prepare acetone from calcium acetate.
43.Write four uses of ethyl alcohol.

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44.How primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols are identified?

45.Water has higher boiling point that ethanol. Explain.
46.What is chemical oxygen demand? (2)
47.Explain purification of water by use of coagulating agent.
48.Define sacrificial corrosion.
49.Write the reaction of phenyl hydrazine with acetaldehyde and acetone.
50.What is Fehling’s solution test to identify the aldehyde?
51.Write the functional group of aldehyde and ketone, give one example of each.
52.Write the formula of glycine and alanine.
53.How cis and trans alkalis are produced? Give reactions.
54.How amino acid is prepared by strecker method?
55.Define saponification number. Give example. (2)
56.What is difference between DNA and RNA?
57.Define iodine number.
58.Why iodine has metallic lustre?
59.What reaction takes place in decomposition zone during manufacturing of cement?
60.Which type of woody raw material is used in paper industry?
61.Write two woody and two non woody raw material for paper pulp manufacture.
62.How acetylene is converted into benzene? Give equation. (2)
63.Define resonance energy. Give resonance energy of benzene.
64. How benzene is converted into maleic acid by catalytic oxidation?
65.Starting from C H Br how will you prepare ethane and ethene?
66.Write four uses of methane.
 67.How will you prepare diethyl ammine from C H Br ?
68.How will you distinguish between methanol and ethanol by one test?
69.Why phenol is acidic in nature?
70.Write structure if cholesterol.
71.What us peptide bond? Write formula of a dipeptide.
72.What are macro nutrients?
73.What is role of chlorofluorocarbons in destroying ozone?
74.Write names of components of environment.
75.What is depolymerisation of carbon? Where it is used?

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76.Describe preparation of formalin on commercial scale from methyl alcohol.

77.Tollen’s test is also called silver mirror test. Justify it.
78.Define neutral amino acids with example.
79.How carboxylic acid is converted into a-amino acids?
80.Define with example condensation of polymerization.
81.What do you mean by rancidity of oils and fats? Why it occurs? (2)
82.What is need for fertilizers?
83.What do you mean by prilling of urea?

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LONG QUESTIONS

1. Explain peculiar behaviour of beryllium.

2. Write two similarities and two dissimilarities of hydrogen with IA group of element.
(alkali metals)
3. Write two similarities and two dissimilarities of hydrogen with IVA group of element.
4. Complete and balance the following equations
i. Li O + H O → ii. Na O + H O →
ii. Mg + (OH) iv. NaNO
5. Write a note on aluminium silicate.
6. Write a method for preparation of water glass. Also write uses of water glass.
7. Write any four applications of noble gases.
8. Write uses of neon and argon.
9. Explain the β elimination reaction ‘E ’ with example.
10.Explain sp mode of hybridization with an example.
11.Define sp hybridization. Explain it with example of ethyne.
12.Explain nucleophilic substitution bimolecular (SN ) mechanism of alkyl halides.
13.Discuss acidic nature of alkynes with examples.
14.Write a note on halogenations of alkalis
15.What are aldols? Explain aldol condensation reaction mechanism for condensation of
ethanol.
16.Write any four chemical methods for preparation of benzene.
17.Give reactions of benzene with respect to i. Nitration ii. Sulphonation (2)
18.Give the reaction of phenol with i. HNO ii. H SO iii. NaOH iv. Zn v.
CH COCl vi. H
19.Write chemical reaction of ethene with the following:
i. HCl ii. Br iii. O iv. HOX
20.Write four uses of acetaldehyde.
21.What happens when following compounds are heated?
i. Ammonium acetate ii. Calcium acetate
22.Write formulas of
i. Beryl ii. Asbestos ii. Magnetite iv. Haematite v. Formaldehyde vi.
Acetaldehyde v.