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ECM 4002

PHYSICAL & LOGICAL DESIGN OF IOT

Module - 1
Agenda
1 Characteristics of IoT

2 Physical Design of IoT: Things in Iot

3 Physical Design of IoT: IoT Protocols

4 Logical Design of IoT: IoT Functional Blocks

5 Logical Design of IoT: IoT Communication Models

6 Logical Design of IoT: IoT Communication APIs


Characteristics of IoT
GAME TIME
GAME TIME

Self-adapting & Dynamic:


 Adapt with the changing context and take actions based on
their operating conditions/ user‟s context/ sensed
environment
GAME TIME
GAME TIME

Interoperable Communication Protocols:


 IoT devices support a no. of interoperable communication
protocols and can communicate with other devices and
also with infrastructure
GAME TIME
GAME TIME

Unique Identity:
 Each IoT device has a unique identity & a unique identifier
(IP or URI)
 IoT Systems have intelligent interfaces allow users to query
/ monitor/ control/ configure/ manage
GAME TIME
GAME TIME

Integrated into the information Network:


 IoT devices are integrated into the information network
that allows them to communicate and exchange data with
other devices and systems.
Physical Design of IoT
Things in IoT

What are the tasks done by


such sensors?
 Collect/ exchange data
 Process data - Local/server
/cloud
Things in IoT
Interfaces
Identify the Interface and Match it to IoT
Interfaces
Verify Yourself!

UART – I/O RJ45 – Connectivity

GPU - Graphics

DDR SDRAM – Memory


RCA - Video
IoT Protocols
Link Layer
IEEE Cable Name/ Other Options Datarate
Standard Band
802.3 10BASE5 802.3i – 10BASE-T 10Mbps – 40Gbps
802.3j – 10BASE-F
802.3ae – 10Gbps Eth
802.11a 5GHz 802.11b/g – 2.4 GHz 1Mbps –
802.11n – 2.4/ 5 6.75 Gbps
802.11ac – 5GHz
802.11ad – 60GHz
802.16 1.5 Mbps – 1 Gbps
802.15.4 40kbps – 250kbps
2G/3G/4G 9.6kbps – 100Mbps
IoT Protocols
Network Layer
6LoWPAN
 IP for
devices
with limited
IPV4
IPV6 processing
 Uses
 2.4GHz
hierarchical  128 bit band/ 250
addressing
address kbps
232= scheme
4,294,967,296 Defines
Exhausted  3.4× 1038 compression
in 2011 mechanisms
for IPV6
 No
datagrams
guaranteed
over 802.15.4
delivery of
packets
IoT Protocols
Transport Layer

TCP UDP

 Used by Web browsers,


email programs.
 Connection-oriented  Connectionless
 Ensures reliable  Useful for time-sensitive
transmission, error applications
detection and flow  No guaranteed delivery
control, congestion
control
Work for you….
Application Layer Protocols: HTTP, CoAP, WebSocket, MQTT, XMPP, DDS, AMQP

 Prepare a presentation/video
 Provide detailed analysis of any two
 Provide a comparison of all
 Present it in person, on or before 31st July
 This constitutes half of Digital Assignment - 1
Logical Design of IoT
IoT Functional Blocks
1 Device

Device Monitoring
2 Communication

3 Services Device Control

Device Discovery

Data Publishing
IoT Functional Blocks
1 Device

2 Communication

3 Services

4 Management

5 Security

6 Application
IoT Functional Blocks
IoT Communication Models
1 Request - Response

Client Server
Receives reques
ts, processes re
Sends requests quests, looksup/f
to Server etches resource
Resources
s, prepare respo
nses and sends
response to clien
t
IoT Communication Models
2 Publish - Subscribe
IoT Communication Models
2 Publish - Subscribe
IoT Communication Models
3 Push - Pull
IoT Communication Models
4 Exclusive Pair
IoT Communication APIs

“APIs are the market enabler, and „internet of things‟ devices would
be useless without them. By exposing data that enables multiple
devices to be connected, APIs provide an interface between the
internet and the things to reveal previously unseen possibilities,”
- Chris O‟Connor, IBM‟s GM for IoT
IoT Levels & Deployment
Templates
Components of IoT System
1 Device
5 Web Service

2 Resource

6 Analysis Component

3 Controller Service

4 Database
7 Application
1 Device

Allows identification, remote sensing, actuating and remote monitoring


2 Resource

 S/w components on IoT device for accessing, processing and storing information or controlling actuators
 S/w components that enable network access for the device
3 Controller Service

 Native service that runs on IoT device and interacts with the web services
 Sends data from the device to the web service and receives commands from the application via web services
for controlling the device
4 Database
5 Web Service

 Link between IoT device, application, database and analysis


components
 Can be implemented using HTTP+REST/ WebSocket

HTTP+REST WebSocket
Stateless Stateful
Uni-directional Bi-directional
Request-Response Full Duplex
New TCP Connection for each HT Single TCP Connection
TP request
Header overhead No overhead
Scalable Horizontal scaling is cumbersome
6 Analysis
7 Application
IoT Level - 1
IoT Level - 2
IoT Level - 3

Example
IoT Level - 4
IoT Level - 5
IoT Level - 6

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