Erin Millus - 18-19 NHD Project Organizer

Consider this outline the key to a successful project.
Be thorough and the result will be an outline that is very close to a

final project. Thoughtful consideration of historical context, turning point/significant event, and historical significance
along with the inclusion of multiple perspectives and consideration of historic lenses will result in a well-organized
project.
As you work through this organizer, you will want to compile your evidence (research that proves your thesis
statement) in threes. For example, you will need three broad historical context categories and within each category you
will need at least three examples of your category. Every project category will require depth of research. If you cannot
come up with three broad categories that are supported with evidence, you need to do more research!
Directions:
● Paste or write the URL for any online sources.
● Include photos and other graphics.
● Paste or write any quotes.
● Be sure to include bibliographical info on each item you include in the organizer.
● Make sure that all sources used in this organizer are also in your Annotated Bibliography.
Thesis Statement: A one or two sentence statement that summarizes the main point or claim of the project, connects
the topic to the theme, and is developed, supported, and explained in the project by means of examples and evidence.
An essential element of a thesis statement is an argument or claim.
Historical Context: Historical context refers to the moods, attitudes, and conditions that existed in a certain time.
Context is the “setting” for an event that occurs, and it will have an impact on the relevance of the event. Context is an
important factor to consider when describing something in history.
Historical Significance: The importance or meaning of history.
Evidence: Evidence is any information, derived from documents, eyewitness accounts, or other primary sources that
supports your thesis statement.
Primary Source: A primary source is a document or physical object which was written or created during the time under
study. These sources were present during an experience or time period and offer an inside view of a particular event.
Examples of primary sources include:
● Diary of Anne Frank - Experiences of a Jewish family during WWII
● The Constitution of Canada - Canadian History
● The image of Martin Luther King Jr. delivering the “I Have a Dream” speech
● The news footage of the fall of the Berlin Wall
● A document from the Library of Congress website
Secondary Source: A secondary source interprets and analyzes primary sources. These sources are one or more steps
removed from the event. Secondary sources may have pictures, quotes or graphics of primary sources in them.
Examples of secondary sources include:
● A journal/magazine article which interprets or reviews previous findings
● A book written about an event by a reliable author
● A documentary about a historical event or figure
● The National Park Services website summarizing Civil War battles
2 NHD Project Organizer NHD-CA/Whitney Olson

(Boxes will enlarge as you type.)
What is your topic?
The integration of schools in South Carolina.
How does it relate to the annual theme?

The triumph is when South Carolina finally integrated their schools and the tragedy is when South Carolina wouldn’t
follow the US government and withheld African Americans education and right to go to the same school as white
children.
What is the question you are going to be answering with your project?
How did the integration of schools and its process affect African Americans.

What argument are you presenting with your thesis statement?
After the Brown vs Board of Education court case ruling to integrate all schools, South Carolina didn’t follow the US
government.
What historical significance are you presenting with your thesis statement?
Integration of schools gave African Americans an equal education as whites.
Type your thesis statement into this box. Remember to include the theme words.
After the Brown vs Board of Education case ruled African American schools to be integrated, tragically, South Carolina
never integrated their schools until parents were protesting and resurfacing the court case to get schools equalized,
giving African Americans their triumph.

All historical research must be placed in context. When thinking about historical context, you should consider:
● What events or conditions created the backdrop for your topic?
● Remember to think about the historical lenses (social, political, economic, religious,
environmental, military, etc.).
Historical context is divided into three sections:

● General history
● Immediately before your topic
● The ideas or philosophy that led to your topic
Each section has a box for you to fill in with evidence and conclusions about the historical context that relates to your
topic. In each box include
1. A sentence in your own words about how the context relates to your topic
2. Three quotes about the conditions/events
3. Three or more photos, headlines, charts, maps, or cartoons that illustrate your quotes, and source information
for all items.
Your information should answer the following questions:

1. What important events happened prior to your topic that are important to understand?
2. What circumstances existed before and contributed to your topic? Consider economic changes, political
environments, social stability, and cultural growth.
3. Who were the people involved in the events that preceded your topic? What role did they play in your topic?
How did they become involved?
Be sure to illustrate your conclusions with:

● Quotes
● Headlines
● Photos
● Maps
● Charts
● Political Cartoons
1. In your own words, explain what was happening that set the stage for your topic.

The Civil Rights Movement occured before the integration of schools in South Carolina. During the civil rights
movement whites already looked down upon african americans and african americans were fighting for their equal
rights.
2. Find three or more quotes about the events immediately preceding your topic in your primary or secondary
sources.
“In the field of public education, the doctrine of separate but equal has no place. Separate educational
facilities are inherently unequal. (Segregation) generates a feeling of inferiority (among students) as to
their status within the community that may affect their hearts and minds in a way unlikely ever to be
undone.” Warren
Citation:https://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/the-civil-rights-movement-in-america-1945-to-1968/e
ducation-and-civil-rights/
“I do not believe in Negroes and whites associating with each other socially or in our school systems,
and as long as I am governor, it won’t happen here.” Gov. Herman Talmadge, Georgia.
“Any fellow who tries to tell me that you can do these things by force (desegregation) is just plain
nuts.” Eisenhower
3. Find three or more relevant images that support your points and connect to your quotes.
This shows a picture of African This shows a picture of African This picture shows three white
Americans, old and young, protesting Americans protesting segregated children who are protesting going to
for an equal education. This relates to schools. This relates to the quotes school with African Americans. This
the quotes because segregated because although the government relates to the quotes because it
schools made African American says “separate but equal”, this is not shows the point of view of the whites
children feel inferior to the white the case because African Americans and how they felt towards the topic.
children, so they would go with the receive a lower quality education.
adults to fight for an equal education.

Citation:https://s3.amazonaws.com/ Citation:https://dingo.care2.com/pict Citation:http://dbqkdncivilrights.wee
openvault.wgbh.org/scholar_exhibits ures/causes/2981/2980012.large.jpg bly.com/uploads/3/0/7/6/30767153/
/boston_civil_rights/boston_civil_rig 3700300_orig.jpg
hts_554x340-q-50.jpg

1. In your own words, describe the important current events that influenced your topic.
The Civil Rights Movement influenced the integration of schools because African Americans were protesting and
speaking out about how they deserve their rights and to be equal to whites.
2. Find three or more quotes about the general historical context in your primary or secondary sources.
"I had students that called me names that first day," said Brown. "They sang out in the ladies
restroom, '2, 4, 6, 8, we don't want to integrate.'" Dr. Millicent Brown
Citation:http://www.wistv.com/story/21087661/integration-of-sc-schools-through-the-words-of-thos
e-who-lived-through-it/
“I mean, part of growing up in a segregated society is that it’s a little sort of enclave and you know
everybody,” Minnijean Brown Trickey
Citation:https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/sep/24/little-rock-arkansas-school-segregation-ra
cism
“What kind of country doesn’t see education for all children to be the primary value? I think the US
has two values: segregation, which they do so well, and violence.” Minnijean Brown Trickey
cism
(Drag or copy and paste images here.)
This is a picture of Elizabeth Eckford

This is a picture of an African This is a picture of the first ten walking in to her first day of school,
American student right before his children to integrate schools in while getting screamed at by the
first day of school with white Charleston School District #20. This white students. This relates to the

students. This relates to the quotes relates to the quotes because it quotes because it shows just how
because all the white students were shows how small the “village” of intense and harsh white students
judging him and not wanting him to African Americans was going into were against African Americans.
come to their school. these schools. They had very little Citation:https://www.theguardian.co
Citation:http://www.wistv.com/story friends and support during school m/world/2017/sep/24/little-rock-ark
/21087661/integration-of-sc-schools- due to the small amount of African ansas-school-segregation-racism
through-the-words-of-those-who-live American children and the large
d-through-it/ amount of denoting whites.
Citation:http://ldhi.library.cofc.edu/e
xhibits/show/somebody_had_to_do_
it/project_overview

1. In your own words, explain the ideas or philosophical shifts that are important to know in order to understand your
topic.
Racism is the idea that caused school segregation. Racism is being prejudice towards another race, in this case being
racist towards African Americans.
2. Find three or more quotes about these ideas or shifts in your primary or secondary sources.
“It’s nothing but racism. You know that and I know that.”
Citation:https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/sep/17/dorothy-counts-north-carolina-school-
segregation-racism
“Spit on her, girls!”

Citation:https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/sep/17/dorothy-counts-north-carolina-school-
segregation-racism
“eliminat[ing]… black students [from] Gardendale schools.”

Citation:http://theconversation.com/why-schools-still-cant-put-segregation-behind-them-78575
This is a picture of white people

protesting going to school with
African Americans just because they
This is a picture of an African
don’t support their race. This relates
American walking away from a white This is a picture of an African
to the quotes because it shows how
women screaming at her. This relates American being pushed and kicked
racist the white people were against
to the quotes because it away from the white people. This
the African Americans and going to
demonstrates the hardships African relates to the quotes because it
school with them.
Americans went through with racism.
Citation:https://theconversation.com

/why-schools-still-cant-put-segregati Citation:http://www.learner.org/cour shows the physical aggression
on-behind-them-78575 ses/lens/collections/change-resistanc towards African Americans.
e/activity/school-integration-equal-e Citation:http://www.learner.org/cour
ducation/ ses/lens/collections/change-resistanc
e/activity/school-integration-equal-e
ducation/
At the core of every topic, is a turning point or significant event that you have researched. In this section, you need to
clearly show how this turning point/event led to change. You’ve set the stage for this section with your historical
context.
Historical significance is divided into three sections:

● Who?
● What?
● How?
Each section has a box for you to fill in with evidence and conclusions about the turning point that relates to your
topic. In each box include:
1. A sentence in your own words about how the turning point relates to the theme
2. Three quotes about the turning point
for all items

1. What was the turning point or significant event?
2. Who was involved?
3. How did these people become involved? How did the turning point/significant event happen?
4. What were the immediate results/consequences of this turning point/significant event?

● Quotes
● Headlines
● Photos
● Maps
● Charts

1. In your own words, explain the role of key individuals and why they are important to know in order to understand
your topic.
The role key individuals played was fighting for their own right to be integrated which affected others to get
integrated.
2. Find three or more quotes about these people in your primary or secondary sources.
“Wow, they’re not stopping me, I’ll go back no matter what.”

Citation:https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/sep/24/little-rock-arkansas-school-segregation-racis
m
“I mean, part of growing up in a segregated society is that it’s a little sort of enclave and you know
everybody,” says Trickey, who is African American. “So, I was thinking: ‘Wow! I can meet some other
kids.’”
cism
“What kind of country doesn’t see education for all children to be the primary value? I think the US
has two values: segregation, which they do so well, and violence.”
cism

This image relates to the quote
This image relates to the quotes
because it shows the same nine
because no matter what happened,
student, from the picture to the left,
This image relates to the quotes people continued to fight for equal
studying and learning as much as
because it shows nine of the first education for African Americans
they can after the closure, or being
students who got the opportunity to which leads to situations like this
cut off, of going to Little Rock Central
integrate schools before many. They image. White and African American
High School. Although they weren’t
went through many hardships before girls are getting along and laughing
learning at the school, they were still
and during this time, but in the end without any tension or racism
learning more which defied everyone
they received an equal education. involved.
telling them they can’t learn at the
Citation:https://library.wustl.edu/hig Citation:https://iowaculture.gov/hist
high school.
hlighting-little-rock-nine-interviews/ ory/education/educator-resources/pr
Citation:https://www.theguardian.co
imary-source-sets/schools-comparing
m/world/2017/sep/24/little-rock-ark
-long-ago-today-and-other/school-int
ansas-school-segregation-racism
egration

1. In your own words, explain what changed or the turning point and why this is important to know about your topic.
The turning point was the Brown vs Board of Education court case because this is when the U.S. government ruled for
all schools to be integrated. This is important to know about my topic because it was a very controversial time and
was a sensitive topic. This court case finally gave African Americans the education they deserve, an equal one.
2. Find three or more quotes that relate to what changed about your topic in your primary or secondary sources.
”Assuming it is decided that segregation in public schools violates the Fourteenth Amendment, would
a decree necessarily follow providing that, within the limits set by normal geographic school
districting, Negro children should forthwith be admitted to schools of their choice…”
Citation:https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=13102254740887304967&q=brown+vs+board
+of+education&hl=en&as_sdt=6,41
”We are convinced that school closing requires a blending of legislative policy making and executive
action to carry out the policies adopted. It is not a quasi-judicial function."
Citation:
https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=2149142794363759647&q=brown+vs+board+of+educ
ation&hl=en&as_sdt=6,41
”separate but equal”

Citation:http://www.ushistoryatlas.com/era9/USHAcom_PS_U09_brown_R2.pdf

This picture relates to the quote
because it shows the NAACP team
preceding the Brown vs Board of
education case. It is a mixture of
This picture relates to the quotes African Americans and white people
because it shows a newspaper, a very working hard for the integration and
popular one, headlined with equality of schools.
“Segregation in Public, Schools Ended This political cartoon shows a picture Citation:http://www.famous-trials.co
by Court”. This shows how effective of two African Americans handcuffed m/brownvtopeka/667-chronology
the Brown vs Board of Education and attached in chains. The chains
court case was and how it changed represent segregated schools and the
America. hammer and mallet represent Brown
Citation:https://secondnexus.com/lif vs Board of Education and the
estyle/linda-brown-supreme-court-ca decision the Supreme Court made.
se-facts/ This relates to the quotes because it
shows how the decision to integrated
schools, gave African Americans a
new freedom and opportunities in
life, just as being freed from
handcuffs and etc. gives.
Citation:https://www.sutori.com/stor
y/thurgood-marshall-7e50

1. In your own words, explain how the turning point happened and why this is important to know about your topic.
The turning point happened by five court cases taking place leading to the Brown vs Board of Education case.
2. Find three or more quotes in your primary or secondary sources that illustrate how the change or turning point
happened.
”to take such proceedings and enter such orders and decrees consistent with this opinion as are
necessary and proper to admit to public schools on a racially non-discriminatory basis with all
deliberate speed the parties to these cases"
Citation:https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=2651723444189359586&q=Briggs+vs+Elliot&
hl=en&as_sdt=6,41
”Full implementation of these constitutional principles may require solution of varied local school
problems…”
hl=en&as_sdt=6,41
”These cases call for the exercise of these traditional attributes of equity power. At stake is the
personal interest of the plaintiffs in admission to public schools as soon as practicable on a
nondiscriminatory basis.”
hl=en&as_sdt=6,41

This picture relates to the quote
because it shows an African American
and white school in South Carolina. This relates to the quotes because it
This shows what Briggs vs Elliott and shows the members respecting the
Brown vs Board of Education were NAACP who took place in the Briggs
trying to eliminate. vs Elliott court case.
Citation:https://www.sutori.com/stor Citation:http://columbiasc63.com/ti
y/briggs-vs-elliott-5f3a meline/briggs-v-elliott-1951/
This is a political cartoon

representing how the Supreme
Court’s decision to integrate schools,
had the same effect on America as a
bomb. This relates to the quotes
because it shows how Briggs vs Elliott
led to such an impact.
Citation:https://www.sutori.com/stor
y/thurgood-marshall-7e50

Think about historical significance as a row of dominoes. When one domino changes position, it affects the rest of the
dominoes. How did the turning point/event create a change or legacy that is significant is history? What long-term
changes occurred because of your turning point/event? How were the people/leadership able to accomplish something
that has endured?
Remember to think about the historical lenses (social, political, economic, religious, environmental, military, etc.). In
each box include a sentence in your own words about how the significance relates to your thesis statement, three
quotes about the significance, three or more photos, headlines, charts, maps, or cartoons that illustrate your quotes,
and source information for all items.
Historical context is divided into three sections:

● Changed Expectations
● Far Reaching Influence
● Continued Significance
Each section has a box for you to fill in with evidence and conclusions about the
historical significance that relates to your topic. In each box include:
1. A sentence in your own words about how the historical significance relates to the theme
2. Three quotes about the historical significance
for all items

1. What impact did the turning point have on society, the economy, politics.
2. In what ways did this turning point influence or change conditions beyond your topic?
3. What is the historical significance that can be seen in current or recent events?

● Quotes
● Headlines
● Photos
● Maps
● Charts

1. In your own words, explain how the turning point/event changed people’s expectations and why this is significant.
The turning point changed people’s expectation because it showed them the Supreme Court can and will do anything
if it receives enough support and reasoning. This is significant because it played a big part in the Civil Rights
movement. This part led up to desegregation of everything in present day.
2. Find three or more quotes about changed expectations in your primary or secondary sources.
”We had a mission and we knew that what we were doing was right," said Brown.
Citation:http://www.wistv.com/story/21087661/integration-of-sc-schools-through-the-words-of-thos
e-who-lived-through-it/
"that we are going to have to live with whether we are left, right, or in between.”
Citation:https://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2014/04/two-milestones-in-education/3612
22/
“feeling of inferiority as to their status in the community that may affect their hearts and minds in a
way unlikely ever to be undone.”
Citation:https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/answer-sheet/wp/2014/04/24/how-after-60-years-
brown-v-board-of-education-succeeded-and-didnt/?noredirect=on&utm_term=.72a73e30778a
Citation:
Citation: Citation:

1. In your own words, explain the impact of your topic in the larger context of the era.
2. Find three or more quotes about the impact of your topic in your primary or secondary sources.
Citation:
Citation:
Citation:
Citation: Citation: Citation:

1. In your own words, explain what the continued significance of your topic is. Why is it important and how does it
continue to matter today?
2. Find three or more quotes about the continued significance in your primary or secondary sources.
Citation:
Citation:
Citation:
Citation: Citation: Citation:

After you have finished your organizer, go back and make sure that the sources you used reflect:
● Multiple Perspectives - have your included all sides of the story?
● Balanced Research - have you used different kinds of sources, both in print and digital?
● Deep Research - do you have both primary and secondary resources?
● Academic Research - are your sources academically credible?
Reread your thesis statement and make sure that:

● It connects to the theme
● You provide evidence that supports or proves the thesis statement
● It contains an argument or point of view that you prove
What are your unanswered questions?

● Ask your teacher/coach/parent to look at your work and tell you what is missing.
● Did you achieve your goal?
Does your project reflect deep analysis?

● Have you used academic language?
● Have you gone beyond retelling?
● Have you considered historical lenses when analyzing your topic (political, social, economic, religious,
environmental, military, etc.)?
What is your next step?

● More research?
● Confirming your conclusions with an interview?
● Create a timeline for finishing your project?

You must
answer these questions in the text of your process paper. Your paper should have at least 4 paragraphs and be no more
than 500 words. Students writing historical papers do not write a process paper.
• First paragraph – how and why did you choose your topic?
• Second paragraph – how did you conduct your research?
• Third paragraph – how did you create your project?
• Fourth paragraph – how does your topic connect to the theme?
Think back to when you chose your topic and write about how and why you chose your topic. Your judges use the
process paper as a roadmap for the development of your project.
1. How does your topic relate to the theme?

2. How did you go about finding information for your topic?
3. Where did you find your sources, both digital and in print? Did you visit special locations? Talk with unique
sources?
4. Highlight the most useful primary sources you found. Why were they useful? What made these sources more
helpful than others?
5. Highlight the most useful secondary sources you found. Why were they useful? What made these sources more
helpful than others?
6. What were the hardest aspects of your research? Did you have any unanswered questions?
7. What surprised you the most during your research? Did you learn something completely unexpected?
8. How does your topic continue to be relevant today?
Your process paper will include all of this information and a description of how you created your project.
Title Page
Create a title page for your process paper and annotated bibliography. Staple all three together. Do not use a cover on
any kind. Include only the following information:
1. Title of your project
2. Your name(s)
3. Your division
4. Your category
5. # of Words in Process Paper
6. # of Words on Exhibit, 2-D Display, or Website

After you have finished your organizer, go back and make sure that all of the sources you used
are included in your annotated bibliography. You need to consistently follow one style guide, either MLA or Turabian.
Each citation requires a short annotation that addresses the following:
• What type of source is it?

• How did you use the source in your research or the development of your argument?
• If the source is primary, an explanation of why you designated it as primary.
Multiple Perspectives - have your included all sides of the story?
You can also use the annotation to address how the source indicates the strength of your historical inquiry:
• Did the source help you balance your research?
• Did the source provide a different perspective?
• Is the source unique? Explain why.
Divide your sources into primary and secondary sections.

Erin Millus - 18-19 NHD Project Organizer

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Consider this outline the key to a successful project.

Be thorough and the result will be an outline that is very close to a

Historical Significance: ​The importance or meaning of history.

2 NHD Project Organizer NHD-CA/Whitney Olson

How does it relate to the annual theme?

3 NHD Project Organizer NHD-CA/Whitney Olson

4 NHD Project Organizer NHD-CA/Whitney Olson

Historical context is divided into three sections:

Your information should answer the following questions:

Be sure to illustrate your conclusions with:

5 NHD Project Organizer NHD-CA/Whitney Olson

6 NHD Project Organizer NHD-CA/Whitney Olson

7 NHD Project Organizer NHD-CA/Whitney Olson

This is a picture of Elizabeth Eckford

8 NHD Project Organizer NHD-CA/Whitney Olson

9 NHD Project Organizer NHD-CA/Whitney Olson

“Spit on her, girls!”

“eliminat[ing]… black students [from] Gardendale schools.”

This is a picture of white people

10 NHD Project Organizer NHD-CA/Whitney Olson

Historical significance is divided into three sections:

Your information should answer the following questions:

Be sure to illustrate your conclusions with:

11 NHD Project Organizer NHD-CA/Whitney Olson

“Wow, they’re not stopping me, I’ll go back no matter what.”

12 NHD Project Organizer NHD-CA/Whitney Olson

13 NHD Project Organizer NHD-CA/Whitney Olson

”separate but equal”

14 NHD Project Organizer NHD-CA/Whitney Olson

15 NHD Project Organizer NHD-CA/Whitney Olson

16 NHD Project Organizer NHD-CA/Whitney Olson

This is a political cartoon

17 NHD Project Organizer NHD-CA/Whitney Olson

Historical context is divided into three sections:

Your information should answer the following questions:

Be sure to illustrate your conclusions with:

18 NHD Project Organizer NHD-CA/Whitney Olson

19 NHD Project Organizer NHD-CA/Whitney Olson

Citation: Citation: Citation:

20 NHD Project Organizer NHD-CA/Whitney Olson

Citation: Citation: Citation:

21 NHD Project Organizer NHD-CA/Whitney Olson

Reread your thesis statement and make sure that:

What are your unanswered questions?

Does your project reflect deep analysis?

What is your next step?

22 NHD Project Organizer NHD-CA/Whitney Olson

1. How does your topic relate to the theme?

23 NHD Project Organizer NHD-CA/Whitney Olson

• What type of source is it?

Divide your sources into primary and secondary sections.

24 NHD Project Organizer NHD-CA/Whitney Olson

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen

Historical Significance: The importance or meaning of history.