Report on Flame Temperature Calculation

By
Name Mohammed Abdelmohsen Abdelgaber
Dep. Petroleum Refining & Petrochemicals Eng.
Year 4th
Class 2
Supervisor Dr. Mostafa Awad
 • Given data
Composition
O2 CO2 N2 CO H2 CH4 C2H6
0.4 2 5.6 7.4 54 28 2.6

NHV= 17,163 kJ/m3 @ STP

Air and fuel inlet temperature= 15 C (60 F)
Cp for flue gas (kJ/m3 C) @ STP 1.543 1.61 1.678
Temperature (C) 1800 2000 2200

• Required
1. Flame temperature
2. ORSAT analysis
3. Plot the relation between %excess air & O2
• Steps
@ Excess air 0 %
Basis: 100 m3 for Fuel.
7
C2H6 + O2 → 2 Co2 + 3 H2o
2
1
Co + O2 → Co2
2

CH4 + 2 O2 → Co2 + 2 H2o

1
H2 + O → H2o
2
7
O2 req. = × 2.6 +.5 × 7.4 + 28 × 2 + .5 × 54 - 0.4 = 95.4 m3 @ STP
2
100
Air req. = 95.4 × = 454 m3 @ STP
21

Flue gases:
79
N2 = 454 × + 5.6 = 364.3 m3
100

Co2 = 2 × 2.6 + 7.4 + 28 + 2 = 42.6 m3

H2O = 3 × 2.6 + 2 × 28 + 54 = 117.8 m3
 ∑ (N2 + Co2 + H2O) = 524.7 m3
Heat balance:
Heat input = Heat output
Gfuel × NHV = Gflue gas × Cp × (Tflame - 15)
100 × 17163 = 524.7 × Cp × (Tflame - 15)
Flame Temp. oC Cp KJ/m3 oC Constant
2000 1.61 3146
X Cp 3271
2200 1.678 3666.43

1.61−𝐶𝑝 3146−3271
=
1.61−1.678 3146−3666.43

Cp = 1.6263 kJ/m3 oC
Flame temp. = 2025 oC
@ Excess air 10 %
Air req. = 1.1 × 454 = 499.4 m3
Change in Flue Gases Calculations:
79
N2 = 499.4 × + 5.6 = 400.126 m3
100
21
O2 = .1 × 499.4 × = 10.5 m3
100

∑ (N2 + Co2 + H2O + O2) = 571.026 m3

Heat balance:
Heat input = Heat output
Gfuel × NHV = Gflue gas × Cp × (Tflame – 15)
100 × 17163 = 571.026 × Cp × (Tflame – 15)
Flame Temp. oC Cp KJ/m3 oC Constant
1800 1.543 2754.255
X Cp 3005.6
2000 1.61 3195.85
 1.543−𝐶𝑝 2754.255−3005.6
=
1.543−1.61 2754.255−3195.85

Cp = 1.5811 KJ/m3 oC
Flame temp. = 1915 oC
@ Excess air 20 %
Air req. = 1.2 × 454 = 545.14 m3 @ STP
Change in Flue Gases Calculations:
79
N2 = 499.4 × + 5.6 = 436.26 m3
100
21
O2 = .2 × 545.14 × = 22.896 m3
100

∑ (N2 + Co2 + H2O + O2) = 619.56 m3

Heat balance:
Heat input = Heat output
Gfuel × NHV = Gflue gas × Cp × (Tflame - 15)
100 × 17163 = 619.56 × Cp × (Tflame - 15)
Flame Temp. oC Cp KJ/m3 oC Constant
1800 1.543 2754.255
X Cp 2770.21
2000 1.61 3195.85

𝐶𝑝−1.543 2770.21−2754.255
=
𝐶𝑝−1.61 2770.21−3195.85

Cp = 1.545 kJ/m3 oC
Flame temp. = 1810 oC
@ Excess air 30 %
Air req. = 1.3 × 454 = 590.2 m3 @ STP
Change in Flue Gases Calculations:
79
N2 = 590.2 × + 5.6 = 471.86 m3
100
21
O2 = .3 × 590.2 × = 37.183 m3
100
 ∑ (N2 + Co2 + H2O + O2) = 669.443 m3
Heat balance:
Heat input = Heat output
Gfuel × NHV = Gflue gas × Cp × (Tflame - 15)
100 × 17163 = 669.443 × Cp × (Tflame - 15)
Flame Temp. oC Cp KJ/m3 oC Constant
X Cp 2563.77
1800 1.543 2754.255
2000 1.61 3195.85

𝐶𝑝−1.543 2563.77−2754.255
=
𝐶𝑝−1.61 2563.77−3195.85

Cp = 1.514 kJ/m3 oC
Flame temp. = 1708 oC

Excess 0%
NHV
Excess 10%
17163
Excess 20%

Excess 30%

Flame Temp.
1708 1810 1915 2025

Excess air calculation from ORSAT analysis:

Flue gas ORSAT analysis by vol. are.
N2 O2 Co2
X% Y% Z%
Basis 100 m3 @ STP ( Dry Flue Gases ).
X + Y = 100 – Z
Z= 100 - X - Y
100
Total air used = × X = 1.2658X m3 = 1.2658((100 - Z) - Y) m3
79
100
Excess air = × Y = 4.7619Y m3
21

The-air. = 1.2658(100 – (100 – X - Y)) – 6.0277Y m3

= 1.2658X –4.7619Y m3
4.7619Y
Excess air % = × 100 by vol.
1.2658X – 4.7619Y

O₂ N₂ Co₂ excess air %

3 87 10 14.9
6 84 10 36.75
9 81 10 71.82
4 86 10 21.2
5 85 10 28.42

O₂
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 2 4 6 8 10

O₂