Actividad de aprendizaje 15

Evidencia 5: Summary “Export-import theory”

Presentado a:
Jeny Paola Hernández López

Presentado por:

Alexis Montoya Obando

Tecnólogo Gestión Logística

Centro de industria y la construcción SENA

Regional Tolima
 2019

Contar con los conocimientos necesarios para realizar un proceso de exportación,

requiere no solo de manejar habilidades lectoras para apropiar las normas y pasos
a seguir, sino también comprender y extraer los aspectos más importantes de
cada texto. Existen gran cantidad de textos referentes exportación e importación
en inglés, por lo cual es necesario fortalecer las competencias en dicha lengua.

Para reforzar lo mencionado, realice las siguientes actividades:

1. Lea el siguiente texto:

Export-Import Theory1

Setting up the business

Whether it is a new or existing export-import business, the legal form, or

structure, will determine how the business is to be conducted, its tax liability,
and other important considerations. Each form of business organization has
its own advantages and disadvantages, and the entrepreneur has to select
the one that best fulfills the goals of the entrepreneur and the business.
Selection of an appropriate business organization is a task that requires
accounting and legal expertise and should be done with the advice of a
competent attorney or accountant.

Ownership structure

In this section, we examine different forms of business organizations: sole

proprietorships, partnerships, corporations, and limited liability companies.

1
Belay, S. (2009). Export-Import Theory, Practices, and Procedures. (2a ed.). New York: Routledge.
Sole proprietorships

A sole proprietorship is a firm owned and operated by one individual. No

separate legal entity exists. There is one principal in the business who has
total control over all export-import operations and who can make decisions
without consulting anyone. The major advantages of sole proprietorships
are as follows:

1. They are easy to organize and simple to control. Establishing an export-

import business as sole proprietorship is simple and inexpensive and
requires little or no government approval. At the state level, registration of
the business name is required, while at the federal level, sole proprietors
need to keep accurate accounting records and attach a profit or loss
statement for the business when filing individual tax returns (Schedule C,
Internal Revenue Service Form 1040). They must operate on a calendar
year and can use the cash or accrual method of accounting.

2. They are more flexible to manage than partnerships or corporations. The

owner makes all operational and management decisions concerning the
business. The owner can remove money or other assets of the business
without legal or tax consequences. He or she can also easily transfer or
terminate the business.

3. Sole proprietorships are subject to minimal government regulations

versus other business concerns.

4. The owner of a sole proprietorship is taxed as an individual, at a rate

lower than the corporate income tax rate. Losses from the export import
business can be applied by the owner to offset taxable income from other
sources. Sole proprietors are also allowed to establish tax exempt
retirement accounts. (Harper, 1991; Cheeseman, 2006a)
The major disadvantage of running an export-import concern as a sole
proprietorship is the risk of unlimited liability. The owner is personally liable
for the debts and other liabilities of the business. Insurance can be bought
to protect against these liabilities; however, if insurance protection is not
sufficient to cover legal liability for defective products or debts, judgment
creditors’ next recourse is the personal assets of the owner. Another
disadvantage is that the proprietor’s access to capital is limited to personal
funds plus any loans that can be obtained. In addition, very few individuals
have all the necessary skills to run an export-import business, and the
owner may lack certain skills. The business may also terminate upon the
death or disability of the owner.

Establishing an appropriate business organization: pointers

 Does the entrepreneur intend to be the sole owner of the export-import

business? If not, how many people have an ownership interest?

 Does the entrepreneur need additional capital and/or expertise?

 What legal form provides the greatest flexibility for management?

 What legal form affords the most advantageous tax treatment for the
business concern and individual entrepreneurs?

 Which legal structure is easy and less expensive to establish and subject
to a low degree of government regulation?

 How important is it to limit personal liability of owners?

 o Which legal structure is the most appropriate in light of the goals and
objectives of the export-import business? (Belay, 2009).
2. Elabore una lista de vocabulario sobre el texto, mínimo de 15 palabras y escriba
su respectivo significado en inglés.

VOCABULARIO SIGNIFICADO
Advantages: Circumstance or situation that gives superiority Ventajas: Circunstancia o situación que da
in something. superioridad en una cosa.

Abogado: Persona legalmente autorizada

Attorney: Person legally authorized to advise and defend para asesorar y defender los derechos e
the rigshts and interests of another person in legal matters intereses de las personas en problemas y
and represent it in a lawsuit. representarlas durante el pleito.

Aplicado: Pone interés y constancia en la

Applied: Thats puts effort, interest and perseverance in the realización de un trabajo o en el desarrollo de
accomplishment of a work or in the development of an una actividad.
activity.

Desventajas:
Disadvantages: Situación de inferioridad con respecto a otros.
Inferiority situation with respect to others.

Income: Ingresos: Se conoce como ingreso a

It is known as income at the entrance of a person or thing in
an institution, group or closed site. On the other hand, the
word income refers to the delivery to a bank or savings bank
of an amount of money in order to save it.
Judgment:
It is, for example, the faculty of the soul that allows to
distinguish between good and evil or between true and false.
The judgment is, on the other hand, an opinion, an opinion or
a opinion.
Little:
It usually refers to that whose dimensions are inferior
compared to other things of the same kind.
Loans:
It is the action and effect of lending, a verb that refers to
giving something to another person, who must return it in the
future. The lender grants one thing so that whoever receives
la entrada de una persona o cosa en una
institución, grupo o sitio cerrado. Por otro lado,
la palabra ingreso se refiere a la entrega a un
banco o caja de ahorros de una cantidad de
dinero con el objetivo de guardarla.
Juicio: Se trata, por ejemplo, de la facultad
del alma que permite distinguir entre el bien y
el mal o entre lo verdadero y falso. El juicio, es
por otra parte, una opinión, un dictamen o un
parecer.
Pequeño: Suele referirse a aquello cuyas
dimensiones resultan inferiores frente a otras
cosas de idéntica especie.
Prestamos: Es la acción y efecto de prestar,
un verbo que hace referencia a entregar algo
a otra persona, quien debe devolverlo en un
futuro. El prestamista otorga una cosa para
the loan can use it in a period of time
Losses: The concept is used to name the lack or absence of
something that was had. When a person disposes of a thing
and then loses it, it can be said that he suffered a loss.
Returns:
It is the act of giving something back to someone. It is a
process that is based on a right of possession of a certain
person with respect to a certain good that was delivered with
some type of specific objective.
Proprietorships:
The single word is the one we usually use the most to
designate what happens to be one and only, either in its
species or in a certain category.
Skills:
It is the innate aptitude, talent, skill or capacity that a person
shows to carry out and of course with success, certain
activity, work or trade. ... To this type of physical abilities,
generally, they are called skills
Sole: The single word is the one we usually use the most to
designate what happens to be one and only, either in its
species or in a certain category.
que quien recibe el préstamo pueda utilizarla
en un periodo de tiempo
Perdidas: El concepto se emplea para
nombrar a la falta o ausencia de algo que se
tenía. Cuando una persona dispone de una
cosa y luego la pierde, podrá decirse que
sufrió una pérdida.
Devoluciones: Es el acto de entregar algo
nuevamente a alguien. Es un proceso de se
sustenta en un derecho de posesión de una
determinada persona con respecto a un
determinado bien que fue entregado con
algún tipo de objetivo específico.
Propietarios: Es la persona jurídica o
persona física que cuenta con los derechos de
propiedad sobre un bien. El propietario es
dueño de la cosa y tiene su titularidad.
Habilidades: Es la aptitud innata, talento,
destreza o capacidad que ostenta una
persona para llevar a cabo y por supuesto con
éxito, determinada actividad, trabajo u oficio.
... A este tipo de habilidades físicas,
generalmente, se las denomina destrezas.
Único: La palabra único es la que
generalmente más usamos para designar a
aquello que resulta ser uno y solo, ya sea de
su especie o en una categoría.

Upon: Sobre: Prefijo patrimonial de origen latino que

Heritage prefix of Latin origin that enters the formation of entra en la formación de nombres con el
names with the meaning of "above", "besides". significado de “por encima de”, “además de”.
Without: Sin: Indica falta o carencia de alguna cosa
Indicates lack or lack of something material or immaterial. material o inmaterial.
 3. El texto sugerido al inicio de esta evidencia cuenta con varios párrafos, y
al interior de cada párrafo se encuentran varias ideas principales. Por
favor, lea el material complementario “Identifying the main idea” para
conocer cómo se puede encontrar la idea principal en un párrafo escrito
en inglés.

1. The individual companies are gubernamental.

2. How to carry out a business.
3. The owners are responsible for their business.
4. The director controls all export and import operations.
5. The sole propietors are simple and low in costs.
6. There are different forms of commercial organizations.

4. Luego de analizar el material complementario, por favor escriba las ideas

principales de cada párrafo, en presente simple, en inglés. No haga
transcripción literal de los párrafos. A continuación, transforme la oración
a presente progresivo, también en inglés.

Simple Present Tense Present Progressive Tense

Always the operational decisions related to the
business are directed by the owner. The decisions are directed by the owner.

Every day individual companies are easier to

organize and control. The owner directs the operational decisions.

At the state level a company always requires the The registration of the commercial name is essential in a
registration of the commercial name Company.

Often the owner must maintain accounting Individual taxes are related to accounting records.
records for the declaration of individual taxes

5. Organice las ideas en un solo resumen, de manera que se conecten

coherentemente, en 15 líneas.
How to carry out an export and import business, in different forms of commercial
organizations since the director controls all export and import operations, where
the sole proprietors are simple and low in cost and make all the decisions in front
of the business. Individual companies are governmental and have a lower rate than
the tax rate, thus carrying the responsibility of the business Knowing well that each
legal form in which the company has its legal bases will apply different processes
why you should know what you should apply to have greater knowledge and not
have legal consequences in the environment even with a single administrator or
boss immediately co-author all the legal health and tax aspects for a better export
or import in order to provide the company with better quality and good recognition
at the international level and to conquer or reach large countries for its advertising
and industry growth

Nota: para el desarrollo de esta evidencia se debe tener en cuenta el material de

formación “Using simple present and progressive to export” y el material
complementario asociado a esta actividad de aprendizaje.

Desarrolle esta evidencia con la herramienta ofimática de su preferencia y envíe el

archivo al instructor a través de la plataforma virtual de aprendizaje en formato
.doc o .pdf.

Pasos para enviar la evidencia:

1. Clic en el título de la evidencia.

2. Clic en Examinar mi equipo y buscar el archivo previamente guardado.
3. Dejar un comentario al instructor (opcional).
4. Clic en Enviar.

Nota: esta evidencia es de carácter individual. Recuerde revisar la guía de

aprendizaje con el fin de verificar que ha realizado todas las actividades
propuestas, saber cómo desarrollarlas y entregarlas correctamente.
 Criterios de evaluación
Realiza resúmenes de la información relevante y detallada de un texto técnico en
inglés.