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STANDARD
Solderability
JESD22-B102E
(Revision of JESD22-B102D, September 2004)
OCTOBER 2007
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Contents
Page
1 Scope 1
2 General Summary
2.1 Preconditioning 1
2.2 Solderability Testing 2
3 Apparatus 2
3.1 Precondition Equipment 2
3.2 Solder Pot 2
3.3 Dipping Device 3
3.4 Optical Equipment 3
3.5 Lighting Equipment 3
3.6 Surface Mount Process Simulation Test Equipment 3
3.7 Materials 4
5 Test Procedures 7
5.1 Preconditioning 7
5.2 Method 1. Dip and Look Test 9
5.3 Method 2. Surface Mount Process Simulation Test 12
6 Summary 16
Annex A 17
Tables
Table 1 Precondition Conditions for Solderability Testing 1
Table 2 Maximum Limits of Solder Bath Contaminant 4
Table 3a Solderability Test Conditions for Method 1, Dip and Look Test 5
Table 3b Solderability Test Conditions for Method 2, SMD Process Simulation Test 6
Table 4 Altitude versus Steam Temperature 7
Figures
Figure 1 Inspection Area for Dual Inline Packages 13
Figure 2 Inspection Area for Gull Wing Packages 14
Figure 3 Inspection Area for J-Lead Packages 14
Figure 4 Inspection Area for Tantalum Chip Capacitors 15
Figure 5 Inspection Area for Rectangular Passive Components 15
-i-
JEDEC Standard No. 22-B102E
-ii-
JEDEC Standard No. 22-B102E
Page 1
(From JEDEC Board Ballot JCB-04-77 and JCB-07-79, formulated under the cognizance of the
JC-14.1 Subcommittee on Reliability Test Methods for Packaged Devices.)
1 Scope
This test method provides optional conditions for preconditioning and soldering for the purpose
of assessing the solderability of device package terminations. It provides procedures for dip &
look solderability testing of through hole, axial and surface mount devices and a surface mount
process simulation test for surface mount packages.
The purpose of this test method is to provide a means of determining the solderability of device
package terminations that are intended to be joined to another surface using lead- (Pb-)
containing or Pb-free solder for the attachment.
2 General summary
2.1 Preconditioning
This test standard describes methods by which package terminations may be evaluated for
solderability. Typically Pb containing terminations are evaluated using SnPb solderability test
conditions and Pb-free terminations use Pb-free test conditions. If Pb-free terminations are to be
used in an SnPb solder process (backward compatibility) then they should be evaluated using test
parameters consistent with standard SnPb SMT reflow conditions. The backward compatibility
test does not apply to Pb-free BGA type packages.
Method 1 - Dip and Look Test: This test is for leaded and leadless terminations.
Method 2 - Surface Mount Process Simulation Test: This method may be used for SMD
packages as an alternative to the dip and look test method 1.
3 Apparatus
A noncorrodible container and cover of sufficient size to allow the placement of specimens
inside the vessel shall be used. The specimens shall be placed such that the lowest portion of the
specimen is a minimum of 38 mm (1.5 inches) above the surface of the water. Equipment should
be designed to minimize steam condensate from dripping onto the test specimens. A suitable
method of supporting the specimens shall be improvised using noncontaminating material.
A static solder pot of sufficient size to accommodate the test specimens containing at least 8.9 N
(2 lb) of solder shall be used. The apparatus shall be capable of maintaining the solder at the
specified temperature within +/- 5 oC.
3 Apparatus (cont’d)
A mechanical dipping device capable of controlling the rates of immersion and emersion of the
terminations and providing a dwell time (time of total immersion to the required depth) in the
solder bath as specified shall be used.
An optical microscope capable of providing magnification inspection from 10x to 20x shall be
used.
A lighting system shall be used that will provide a uniform, nonglare, nondirectional
illumination of the specimen.
A stencil or screen with pad geometry opening that is appropriate for the terminals being tested.
Unless otherwise agreed upon between vendor and user, nominal stencil thickness should be
0.102 mm (0.004 in) for terminals with less than 0.508 mm (0.020 in) component lead pitch,
0.152 mm (0.006 in) for a component with lead pitch of 0.508 mm to 0.635 mm (0.020 in to 0.025
in), and 0.203 mm (0.008 in) for a component with lead pitch greater than 0.635 mm (0.025 in).
3.6.3 Substrate
A thin unmetallized ceramic substrate with a typical thickness range of 0.635 mm to 0.889 mm
(0.025 to 0.035 in) shall be used for testing. Other nonwettable substrates may be used by
agreement between the user and supplier.
Convection/Infrared reflow oven, vapor phase reflow system, or storage oven capable of
reaching the reflow requirements of Table 3b.
3.7 Materials
3.7.1 Flux
The flux for all Solderability tests shall be a standard activated rosin flux (type ROL1 per
J-STD-004, Requirements for Soldering Fluxes) having a composition of 25% ± 0.5% by weight
of colophony and 0.15% ± 0.01% by weight Diethylammonium Hydrochloride (CAS 660-68-4),
in 74.85% ± 0.5% by weight of isopropyl alcohol. The specific gravity of the standard activated
rosin flux shall be 0.843 ± 0.005 at 25 ± 2 °C [77 ± 3.6 °F].
3.7.2 Solder
The solder shall conform to J-STD-006, Requirements for Electronic Grade Solder Alloys and
Fluxed and Non-Fluxed Solid Solders for Electronic Soldering Applications.
The solder in solder baths used for solderability testing shall be chemically or spectrographically
analyzed or replaced each 30 operating days. The levels of contamination must be maintained
within those listed in Table 2.
The solder paste shall use a rosin flux system (type ROL1 or ROL0 per J-STD-004,
Requirements for Soldering Fluxes), solder conforming to 3.7.2 and shall have a mesh size of -
325/+500 (per J-STD-005, Requirements for Soldering Pastes). Table 3b defines which flux
type to use.
NOTE Paste storage and shelf life shall be in accordance with manufacturer’s specifications.
Material used for cleaning flux from leads and terminations shall be capable of removing visible
flux residues and meet local environmental regulations.
Table 3a — Solderability test conditions for Method 1, Dip and Look Test
Pb-free
Test type SnPb solderability test
solderability test
Pb-free Reflow
Reflow Soldering
Solder Process Wave Soldering All Processes
Soldering backward
compatibility
Flux Type ROL1 ROL1 ROL1 ROL1
Flux Immersion
5 - 10 s 5 - 10 s 5 - 10 s 5 - 10 s
Time
Solder Type SnPb SnPb SnPb Pb-free
Solder
245 °C ± 5 °C 215 °C ± 5 °C 215 °C1 245 °C ± 5 °C
Temperature
Solder Immersion
5 ± 0.5 s 5 ± 0.5 s 5 ± 0.5 s 5 ± 0.5 s
Time
Solder Immersion 1.00 ± 0.25 in/s 1.00 ± 0.25 in/s 1.00 ± 0.25 in/s 1.00 ± 0.25 in/s
/ Emersion Rate (25.4 ± 6.4 mm/s) (25.4 ± 6.4 mm/s) (25.4 ± 6.4 mm/s) (25.4 ± 6.4 mm/s)
NOTE 1 Tolerance for reflow temperature is defined as component supplier maximum and user
minimum.
Table 3b — Solderability test conditions for Method 2, SMD Process Simulation Test
SnPb Pb-free backward
Test type Pb-free solderability test
solderability test compatibility
Preheat Time 50 – 70 s 50 – 70 s 50 – 70 s
Reflow Time 50 – 70 s 50 – 70 s 50 – 70 s
Reflow Time 30 – 60 s 30 – 60 s
NOTE 1 Tolerance for reflow temperature is defined as component supplier maximum and user
minimum.
5 Test procedures
The test procedures shall be performed on the number of terminations specified in the applicable
procurement document. During handling, care shall be exercised to prevent the surface to be
tested from being abraded or contaminated by grease, perspirants, etc.
All solderability testing shall be done under a fume hood in accordance with applicable safety
rules and procedures.
No wiping, cleaning, scraping or abrasive cleaning of the terminations shall be performed. Any
special preparation of the terminations, such as bending or reorientation prior to test, shall be
specified in the applicable procurement document.
Solderability tests shall be considered destructive unless otherwise specified in the applicable
procurement document.
5.1 Preconditioning
Prior to the application of the flux and subsequent solder dipping, all specimens shall be
subjected to aging by exposure of the surfaces to be tested to steam in the container specified in
3.1. The specimens shall be suspended so that no portion of the specimen is less than 38 mm
(1.5 inches) above the boiling distilled or deionized water for the specified exposure time. If an
exposure time is not specified, condition C of Table 1 shall be used. The water vapor
temperature at the component lead level shall be in accordance with Table 4.
0 - 2,000 93
2,001 - 4,000 91
4,001 - 6,000 89
The test components shall be placed (“Dead Bug”) into the steam preconditioning equipment
such that no specimens have their leads/terminations touching other specimens or the steam
preconditioning equipment. All test specimens must be handled using finger cots or gloves.
5.1.1.2 Drying
The test specimens shall be removed from the steam preconditioning equipment immediately
after the steam exposure has been completed. Solderability testing shall be completed within 72
hours of removal from the steam preconditioning equipment. The parts shall be dried using one
of the following procedures:
a) Bake at 100 oC maximum for no more than 1 hour in a dry atmosphere (dry nitrogen
atmosphere is recommended).
b) Air dry at ambient temperature for a minimum of 15 minutes.
The apparatus shall be drained and cleaned on a regular basis to insure consistent steam
precondition results. DI or distilled water shall be used. No contaminating solvents shall be
used.
Prior to the application of the flux and subsequent solder dipping, all specimens shall be
subjected to a 150 °C high temperature bake.
The test components shall be placed (“Dead Bug”) into the high temperature bake equipment on
high temperature trays such that no specimens have their leads/terminations touching other
specimens or the bake tray. All test specimens must be handled using finger cots or gloves.
Solderability testing shall be completed within 72 hours of removal from the high temperature
bake equipment.
If the insulation on stranded wires must be removed, it shall be done in a manner so as not to
loosen the strands in the wire.
Type ROL1 flux shall be used, unless otherwise specified (see 3.7.1). Terminations shall be
immersed (using a mechanical dipper) in the flux, which is at room ambient temperature, to the
minimum depth necessary to cover the surface to be tested. The fixturing should be designed to
avoid trapping of excess flux. The surface to be tested shall be immersed in the flux per the time
specified in Table 3, and shall be drained 5 to 20 seconds prior to dipping into the solder pot. The
flux shall be covered when not in use and discarded a minimum of once a day.
For surface mount packages, that portion of the package lead that will be inspected shall be covered
by the flux application. Perform the test using the leads on only one side of the package at a time.
The fluxing and solder dipping operations shall be performed sequentially on the leads of the
package side under test.
Unless otherwise specified in the applicable procurement document, terminations shall be immersed
to the seating plane or to within 1.27 mm (0.05 inch) of the body of the device under test.
The dross and burned flux shall be skimmed from the surface of the molten solder specified in 3.7.2.
The molten solder shall be maintained at the specified temperature in Table 3. The surface of the
molten solder shall be skimmed again just prior to immersing the terminations into the solder. The
part shall be attached to a dipping device (see 3.3) and the flux-covered terminations immersed once
in the molten solder to the same depth specified in 5.2.3. The dip conditions are specified in Table
3. After the dipping process, the part shall be allowed to cool in the air. Residual flux shall be
removed from the terminations either by sequential rinses in isopropyl alcohol, or by a rinse in a
suitable commercial non-CFC solvent. If necessary, a soft damp cloth or cotton swab moistened
with clean isopropyl alcohol or solvent may be used to remove all remaining flux.
• The inspected area of each lead must have 95% solder coverage minimum.
• Pinholes, voids, porosity, nonwetting, or dewetting shall not exceed 5 percent of the total
inspected area.
• There shall be no solder bridging between any termination area and any other metallization
not connected to it by design. In the event that the solder dipping causes bridging, the test
shall not be considered a failure provided that a local application of heat (e.g., gas,
soldering iron, or redipping) results in solder pullback and no wetting of the dielectric area
as indicated by microscopic examination.
NOTE The total area of the surface to be tested (including all faces for rectangular leads) as specified in
Figures 1 through 5 shall be examined. In the case of a dispute, the percentage of coverage with pinholes
or voids shall be determined by the actual measurement of those areas, compared to the total area(s).
a) Dual Inline Packages - For Dual Inline Packages the inspected area is from the termination
tip to a plane 0.51 mm (0.020 inch) above the seating plane (see Figure 1). Areas normally
designed to be unplated (trim areas) are excluded.
b) Gull Wing Packages - For Gull Wing packages the inspected area is defined as all surfaces of
the termination at or below the plane of the top of the foot, excluding the top of the foot (see
Figure 2). Areas normally designed to be unplated (trim areas) are excluded.
c) J-lead Packages: For J-lead packages the inspected area is the narrow portion of the
termination below the transition from the termination shoulder (see Figure 3). Only the three
visible surfaces are to be included. The termination tip is excluded.
d) Tantalum Chip Capacitors: For these packages the inspected area is defined as the bottom of
the termination and one times the lead thickness up the side of the termination (see Figure 4).
Termination edges are excluded.
f) Other Packages: For packages other than described in (a through e) the inspected area is that
which is 1.27 mm (0.05 inch) from the body and extends away from the body to the end of
the lead or for a distance of 25.4 mm (1 inch).
This procedure may be used for surface mounted devices as an alternative to the Method 1 Dip
and Look procedure of section 5.2. Fine pitch gull wing leads (spacing < 0.51 mm (20 mils))
sometimes cannot be tested adequately with the dip & look method. The Dip and Look test is
also inappropriate for BGA’s.
NOTE This procedure comes from EIA-638, “Surface Mount Solderability Test”
a) Preconditioning, if applicable.
b) Print solder paste.
c) Place component on solder paste.
d) Reflow, cool and remove flux.
e) Examination and evaluation of the tested terminations.
All component leads or terminations shall be tested under the condition that they would normally
be in at the time of assembly soldering. The specimens to be tested shall not be touched by
fingers or otherwise contaminated, nor shall the leads or terminations being tested be wiped,
cleaned, scraped or abraded. The steps are listed.
1) Place solder paste onto screen and print the terminal pattern onto the substrate by wiping the
paste over the screen using either a spatula for fine pitch or a squeegee for standard pitch.
Nominal stencil thickness is described in section 3.6.1.
2) Remove the screen carefully so as to avoid smearing the paste print. Verify a paste print
equivalent in geometry to the terminal of the device to be tested.
3) Using tweezers, place the terminals of the unit on the solder paste print. Avoid touching the
unit so that the terminals will not be contaminated with skin oils. Verify part placement by
appropriate magnification.
4) Place the substrate on the applicable reflow equipment and subject the substrate and
components to the reflow process condition per Table 3b.
5) After reflow, carefully remove substrate with components and allow to cool.
6) After specimen has cooled to room temperature, remove component from substrate using
tweezers. Terminals may adhere slightly to substrate due to flux residue.
7) Remove any flux residue by using appropriate cleaning solution.
5.3 Method 2 - surface mount process simulation test (cont’d)
All terminations shall exhibit a continuous solder coating free from defects for a minimum of
95% of the critical surface area of any individual termination. Anomalies other than dewetting,
nonwetting, and pinholes are not cause for rejection. Exposed terminal base metal is allowable
on the end toe of surface mount components.
Examples of the critical areas for various devices are shown in Figure 2, Gull Wing Packages;
Figure 3, J-Lead Packages; Figure 4, Tantalum Chip Capacitors; and Figure 5, Rectangular
Passive Components.
Seating
Plane
Critical Area
2X
2XT
2X
2XT
6 Summary
a) The number of terminations of each part to be tested and the quality level.
b) Special preparation of terminations, if applicable.
c) Preconditioning type and exposure time used.
d) Depth of immersion if other than specified in 5.2.3.
e) Solderability test conditions if other than specified in Tables 3a and 3b.
f) Electrical measurements (parameters, conditions, subgroups, etc.) where required after test.
This table briefly describes most of the changes made to entries that appear in this standard, JESD22-
B102E, compared to its predecessor, JESD22-B102-D (August 2004). If the change to a concept involves
any words added or deleted (excluding deletion of accidentally repeated words), it is included. Some
punctuation changes are not included.
Added Pb-free backward compatibility test and test conditions, section 2.2 and Tables 3a
and 3b.
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