chemical weathering

-a change in the composition of a rock

the tendency of a mineral to break

Cleavage
along flat surfaces

Compaction and Cementation processes that form sedimentary rock

deposition

-the process in which material is laid down

Process in which sediment is laid down

Depostion
in new locations.
 erosion

-the process by which wind, water, ice, or gravity

transports soil and sediment from one place to another

extrusive igneous rock

-lava cools on the surface

-no certain grain size
-cools quickly

a hard, colorful mineral that has a

gemstone
brilliant or glassy luster

geologist a scientist who studies the earth

glacier

-large
-slow moving river of ice
-compacted by layers of snow
-flows in response to gravity and high pressure
 igneous rock

-formed by magma and lave cooling

intrusive igneous rock

-magma cools in the ground

-large grain size
-cools slowly

The way a mineral reflects light from its

Luster
surface

Magma Molten rock beneath the earth's surface

mechanical weathering

-the breakdown of rocks

-abrasion (rubbing two things together)
 metamorphic rock

-a rock that has changed because of changes in temperature and

pressure
-heat and pressure

a naturally occurring, inorganic solid

mineral that has a crystal structure and a
definite chemical composition

a scale ranking ten minerals from softest

Mohs hardness scale
to hardest

rock

-a naturally occurring solid mixture of one or

more minerals or organic matter

the series of processes that change one

rock cycle
type of rock into another type of rock
 sediment

-small particle that settles to the bottom of a liquid

-weathering and erosion

sedimentary rock

-formed by cementation and compaction

a test run to find a mineral's powder

streak test
color, or a mineral's true color

weathering

-the decomposition of rocks through direct contact with the earth's

atmosphere
-no movement occurs

what is an example of chemical

weathering?

-a nail rusting
what is an example of mechanical
weathering?
-a tree root becomes strong so it breaks through
rocks' cracks