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Vilar, Chloe Anne P.

A101

Assignment in Philippine History;

1. Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin Marcos Sr. - (September 11, 1917 – September 28, 1989)
was a Filipino politician and kleptocrat, who was the tenth President of the Philippines from 1965
to 1986. A leading member of the far-right New Society Movement, he ruled as
a dictator under martial law from 1972 until 1981.

2. Imelda Romualdez Marcos- (born Imelda Trinidad Romualdez; 2 July 1929) wife of the late
Ferdinand Marcos, is a Filipino socialite, politician, and congresswoman who was First Lady of
the Philippines for 21 years, during which she and her husband had amassed about US$5-10
billion of ill-gotten wealth, the bulk of which still remains unrecovered.

3. Iginuhit ng Tadhana- A political propaganda film, it tells of the life and exploits of then
Philippine Presidential candidate, Senator Ferdinand E. Marcos (played by Luis Gonzales). One of
the highlights of the two-and-half movie was the celebrated Nalundasan case, where the young
Marcos was accused of murder.

4. Nationalista Party- The Nacionalista Party (Filipino: Partido Nacionalista) is the oldest political
party in the Philippines and in Southeast Asia responsible for leading the country throughout the
majority of the 20th century since its founding in 1907, being the ruling party from 1935 to 1944
under President Manuel Quezon, 1944–1946 under President Sergio Osmeña, 1953–1957 under
President Ramon Magsaysay, 1957–1961 under President Carlos P. Garcia and 1965–1972
under President Ferdinand Marcos.

5. First Quarter Storm- (Filipino: Sigwa ng Unang Sangkapat) was a period of civil unrest in
the Philippines, composed of a series of heavy demonstrations, protests, and marches
against the government from January to March 1970, or the first quarter of 1970. Student
activists played a large role in these demonstrations, expressing their condemnation of the
country's economic crisis and rampant imperialism. These violent protests, along with the
subsequent protests they inspired, were collectively a major factor that led to the declaration
of Martial Law in 1972.

6. José María Canlás Sison- (born February 8, 1939) is a Filipino writer and activist who founded
the Communist Party of the Philippines and added elements of Maoism to its philosophy. He
applied the theory of Marxism-Leninism-Maoism on Philippine history and current circumstances.
Since August 2002, he has been classified as a "person supporting terrorism" by the United
States.
7. Bernabé Buscayno- also called Kumander Dante, is the founder of the New People's Army, the
military wing of the Communist Party of the Philippines.
Vilar, Chloe Anne P.
A101
8. Julio Nalundasan case- Nalundasan was killed by a sniper at his home in 1935, the day
after beating Marcos for the second time in elections for the office of representative for the
second district of Ilocos Norte. Mariano Marcos' son, Ferdinand, and brother-in-law, Quirino
Lizardo, were later convicted for the murder. However, the conviction was overturned by
the Supreme Court of the Philippines, through a decision by Associate Justice Jose P. Laurel.

9. The Plaza Miranda bombing- occurred during a political campaign rally of the Liberal
Party at Plaza Miranda in the district of Quiapo, Manila in the Philippines on August 21,
1971. It caused nine deaths and injured 95 others, including many prominent Liberal Party
politicians. The Liberal Party's campaign rally was held to proclaim the candidacies of eight
Senatorial bets as well as the candidate for the Mayoralty race in Manila. As a crowd of about
4,000 gathered to hear speeches, two hand grenades were reportedly tossed on stage.

10. The writ of Habeas corpus- Medieval Latin meaning "[we, a Court, command] that you
have the body of the detainee brought before us, is a recourse in law through which a
person can report an unlawful detention or imprisonment to a court and request that the court
order the custodian of the person, usually a prison official, to bring the prisoner to court, to
determine whether the detention is lawful.

11. Martial Law- is the imposition of direct military control of normal civilian functions by a
government, especially in response to a temporary emergency such as invasion or major
disaster, or in an occupied territory. Martial law can be used by governments to enforce their
rule over the public.

12. Kilusang Bagong Lipunan- the New Society Movement (Filipino: Kilusang Bagong Lipunan,
KBL), formerly named New Society Movement of United Nationalists, Liberals, et cetera,
is a political party in the Philippines. It was formed in 1978, as an umbrella coalition of parties
supporting then-President Ferdinand E. Marcos for the Interim Batasang Pambansa (National
Assembly), and was his political vehicle during his rule. In the post-Marcos era, it was re-
organized as a political party in 1986.

13. Benigno Simeon "Ninoy" Aquino Jr.- (November 27, 1932 – August 21, 1983) was a
Filipino politician who served as a Senator of the Philippines (1967–1972) and governor of the
province of Tarlac. He was the husband of former Philippine President Corazon Aquino and
father of former Philippine President Benigno Aquino III.

14. PD 1081- Proclamation № 1081 was the document which contained formal
proclamation of martial law in the Philippines by President Ferdinand Marcos, as announced
to the public on 23 September 1972. The proclamation marked the beginning of a 14-year
period of one man rule which would effectively last until Marcos was exiled from the country
on February 25, 1986.
Vilar, Chloe Anne P.
A101

15. 1973 Constitution- The 1973 Constitution , composed of a preamble and 17 articles, provides
for the shift from presidential to parliamentary system of government. The Constitution vests the
legislative power in the National Assembly. A Prime Minister is elected from among the members
of the National Assembly and serves as the head of government and commander-in-chief of the
Philippine Armed Forces. A President is elected from among the members of the National
Assembly and serves as the symbolic head of state with a six-year term.

16. NCEE- Republic Act No. 7731, or “An Act Abolishing the National College Entrance
Examination, Repealing for the Purpose Presidential Decree No. 146”, was approved last June 2,
1994. Briefly, the requirement of an entrance examination for entry into initial four-year tertiary
bachelors’ programs under PD 146 was abolished, all those who had failed the NCEE in prior
years may now be considered for admission to all tertiary programs, and no national entrance
examinations shall henceforth be required for post-secondary degree programs. This Office is in
full accord with the new law.

17. Moro National Liberation Front- is a political organization in the Philippines that was founded
in 1972. It started as a splinter group of the Muslim Independence Movement. The MNLF was the
leading organization among Moro separatists for about two decades beginning from the 1970s.

18. Victor Navarro Corpus- is a retired Filipino military officer and public official best known for his
1970 defection from the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) towards the New People's Army of
the Communist Party of the Philippines during the authoritarian regime Ferdinand Marcos, for his
defection from the NPA and return to the AFP after the 1986 People Power Revolution, and his
later role as chief of the Intelligence Service of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (ISAFP). A
member of the Philippine Military Academy Class of 1967, he was promoted to the rank of
Brigadier General of the AFP in May 2003, and retired at that rank when he turned 60 in October
2004.

19. Tripoli Agreement- The 1976 Tripoli Agreement was signed on December 23, 1976
in Tripoli, Libya by Carmelo Z. Barbero, representing the Government of the Philippines and Nur
Misuari of the Moro National Liberation Front. The agreement defined autonomous administrative
divisions for Muslims in the southern Philippines, the establishment of an autonomous
government, judicial system for Sharia law and special security forces, and the observance of
a ceasefire. The autonomous region was to have its own economic system, including an Islamic
bank.

20. Operation Merdeka- the Jabidah massacre was a disputed massacre of Moro army recruits
by members of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) on March 18, 1968, which is
acknowledged as a major flashpoint that ignited the Moro insurgency in the Philippines. It is
sometimes also known as the Corregidor massacre, because the killing took place
on Corregidor Island in the Philippines. Author Cesar Adib Majul notes that the administration
of Ferdinand Marcos had suppressed coverage of the affair in the interest of national
unity, which led to little or no documentation about the incident. This led to varying accounts
of the number of trainees killed, ranging from 11 to 68, and the reasons behind the massacre.

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