Calculus

GRASPS

Submitted by: Submitted to:

Castillo, Jerico M. Quennie Flores
 LIMITS!!!

Definition:

In mathematics, the limit of a function is a fundamental

concept in calculus and analysis concerning the behavior of that
function near a particular input.
Formal definitions, it is first devised in the early 19th
century. Informally, a function fassigns an output f(x) to every
input x. We say the function has a limit L at an input p: this
means f(x) gets closer and closer to L as x moves closer and
closer to p. More specifically, when f is applied to any input
sufficiently close to p, the output value is forced arbitrarily close
to L. On the other hand, if some inputs very close to p are taken
to outputs that stay a fixed distance apart, we say the limit does
not exist.

Application in Real Life:

 Now a days most people are using numbers in their daily
life. Numbers are very important and useful. Numbers also have
limits which is also important in our life. Limits that can dictate
your future. Limits are very important because you’ll know
when and when not to stop. Calculus brought us in a new world
where you can have a great job in the future. Calculus changed
our life to the new world. It teachers our brain to work in new
ways, and this can be useful no matter what career we have. The
great importance of calculus is quickly noticed by taking a look
at the number of fields that use calculus to solve important
problems.

History:

Although implicit in the development of calculus of the

17th and 18th centuries, the modern idea of the limit of a
function goes back to Bolzano who, in 1817, introduced the
basics of the epsilon-delta technique to define continuous
functions. However, his work was not known during his lifetime
Cauchy discussed variable quantities, infinitesimals, and limits
and defined continuity of f(x) by saying that an infinitesimal
change in x necessarily produces an infinitesimal change in y in
his 1821 book Cours d'analyse, Weierstrass first introduced the
epsilon-delta definition of limit in the form it is usually written
today. He also introduced the notations lim and limx→x0 .

Isaac Newton Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz

Archimedes

Limits of a function:

Properties of limits:
Limits of polynomials and rational functions:

An Important limit:
Limits of trigonometric functions:

Example 1:

Solution:

Exampl
es 2:
 Derivatives
Definitions:
The derivative of a function of a real variable measures the
sensitivity to change of the function value (output value) with
respect to a change in its argument (input value). Derivatives are
a fundamental tool of calculus. For example, the derivative of
the position of a moving object with respect to time is the
object's velocity: this measures how quickly the position of the
object changes when time advances.
The derivative of a function of a single variable at a chosen
input value, when it exists, is the slope of the tangent line to the
graph of the function at that point. The tangent line is the best
linear approximation of the function near that input value. For
this reason, the derivative is often described as the
"instantaneous rate of change", the ratio of the instantaneous
change in the dependent variable to that of the independent
variable.

Application in Real Life:

 In our life change happens everywhere, anytime and any
day. Change is part of our daily life. In our everyday life
changes always happens no matter what, like change of plan,
change of decisions and so on. In mathematics, the derivative is
a way to show rate of change, which a function is changing at
one given point. Change is constant and we cannot predict what
will happen in the future.

History:
Calculus, known in its early history as infinitesimal
calculus, is a mathematical discipline focused on limits,
functions, derivatives, integrals, and infinite series. Isaac
Newton and Gottfried Leibniz independently discovered
calculus in the mid-17th century. However, each inventor
claimed the other stole his work in a bitter dispute that continued
until the end of their lives.
Isaac Newton Gottfried Leibniz

Derivatives of basic functions:

Derivatives basic rules:
Derivative of composite functions:
Chain derivatives of usual functions:
REFERENCES:
https://www.cliffsnotes.com/study-
guides/calculus/calculus/the-
derivative/differentiation-of-inverse-
trigonometric-functions
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limit_of_a_functio
n
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derivative
https://www.cliffsnotes.com/study-
guides/calculus/calculus/the-derivative/chain-
rule
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limit_(mathematic
s)
https://www.cliffsnotes.com/study-
guides/calculus/calculus/the-
derivative/differentation-
ruleshttps://www.cliffsnotes.com/study-
guides/calculus/calculus/limits/evaluating-limits
https://www.cliffsnotes.com/study-
guides/calculus/calculus/the-
derivative/trigonometric-function-differentiation
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_calcul
us