Performance and Emission Analysis of Diesel Engine on

Biodiesel-Diesel Blends
Nabeel Shahid (2015-ME-64), Rohail Danish (2015-ME-68)
Department of Mechanical Engineering

1. Abstract 2. Objectives 5. Emission Testing

Tremendous inflation in the consumption of fossil fuel as a To find out the biodiesel blend that gives 8-mode emission testing was performed in which the engine
consequence of industrialization and aggrandizement of the best performance compared to diesel emissions are taken at 100%, 75%, 50%, and 10% load at 2250 and
automobiles has led researchers to shift towards sustainable, only and simultaneously show reduced 1400 rpm. The results obtained show that the emissions of CO
renewable and non detrimental fuel alternatives. Biodiesel has emissions and increased efficiency. were reduced by 50% at 2250 and by 34% at 1400 rpm. HC
exhibited a substantial promise in preserving the ecological emissions were also reduced to zero or were halved at 2250 but
balance of earth over the past few years. This study gives were 10% greater for the case of 1400 rpm.
prominence to the experimental investigation of biodiesel derived
from edible feedstock on diesel engine employed in Millat tractors B0 @1400 rpm B5 @1400 rpm B10 @1400 rpm
limited, a well known tractor manufacturing industry in agricultural 20.00 20.00
20.00
18.00

sector of Pakistan. Biodiesel blends incorporated in the 16.00

18.00

16.00
18.00

16.00

experimental study are B0, B5, and B10. The maximum efficiency 14.00 14.00
14.00

percentage/ppm

percentage/ppm
12.00
was found to be 28.84% for B0, 29.03 for B5, and 28.89% for B10. 12.00

percentage/ppm
12.00
CO % CO %
10.00 10.00 CO %
CO2 % CO2 % 10.00

The maximum torque for B0 was found to be 172.97 Nm, 169.96 8.00 HC ppm
NOx ppm
8.00 HC ppm
NOx ppm
8.00
CO2 %
HC ppm
NOx ppm
Nm for B5, and 171.58 Nm for B10. The emission testing showed
6.00 6.00
6.00
4.00 4.00
4.00

that for B5 and B10 the HC and CO emissions were reduced 2.00 2.00
2.00

significantly as compared to B0 but the emissions were more for 0.00

100 75 50
Percentage Load
10
0.00
100 75 50
Percentage Load
10
0.00
100 75 50 10
Percentage Load
B10 as compared to B5. NOx emissions were slightly higher for B5
and B10 as compared to B0. As far as the experimentation that has B0 @2250 rpm B5 @2250 rpm B10 @2250 rpm
20.00 20.00 20.00

been completed B5 is found to perform better than B0 and B10. 18.00 18.00 18.00

16.00 16.00 16.00

14.00 14.00 14.00

3. Methodology

percentage/ppm

percentage/ppm

percentage/ppm
12.00 12.00 12.00
CO CO % CO %
10.00 10.00 10.00
CO2 CO2 % CO2 %
8.00 HC ppm 8.00 HC ppm 8.00 HC ppm

The biodiesel is manufactured in a lab scale automated plant from virgin cooking oil’s reaction with methanol and 6.00
NO x ppm
6.00
NOx ppm
6.00
NOx ppm

Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) as catalyst. This produces methyl esters of the cooking oil. The cooking oil used is a 4.00

2.00
4.00

2.00
4.00

2.00

mixture of soy bean oil and canola oil. Biodiesel is then separated from the byproduct glycerol and other 0.00
100 75 50 10
0.00
100 75 50 10
0.00
100 75 50 10

unreacted substances and cleaned. It is then mixed with diesel to form blends. The engine is run for five Percentage Load Percentage Load Percentage Load

performance tests on diesel and then biodiesel-diesel blends B5, and B10. 8-Mode emission test cycle is a non-
road steady cycle (NSRC) which will be applied to check the concentration of exhaust gases after every
performance test as described above. 6. Fuel Testing
The fuel tests conducted for diesel and biodiesel comprise of
calculation of calorific value from bomb calorimeter, flash, pour
BioDiesel Distillation Curve
350 and cloud point tests and ASTM D4737 four variable method for
300
calculating cetane index. The calorific values for diesel and
Recovery Temperature

250

4. Performance Results 200

150

100
biodiesel came out to be 45.9 MJ/kg and 50.5 MJ/kg, respectively.
CCI value attained from the distillation of fuels and the method
The curves obtained are show that there is little 50
ASTM provided have values of 61.4 for biodiesel and 40.9 for
change in power and torque at high rpm and low 0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Percentage Recovery
70 80 90 100
diesel.
load. At 1800 rpm and below the difference in BioDiesel

the torque becomes clearer. However the

change in power as a percentage of total power Acknowledgements
is very low. The efficiency curve obtained is We are highly grateful to research and development department
rough but show a general trend that efficiency is of Millat Tractors Limited for carrying out complete emission and
highest for B5, then B10 and then B0. The performance tests regarding this experimental analysis. The
maximum efficiency point is obtained at 1600 cognizance of our supervisor Dr. Ali Hussain Kazim and financial
rpm. support from UET Mechanical Department assisted us to
complete this study. We are also thankful to Punjab University
Fuel Testing Laboratory for conducting fuel tests.

References Future Prospects

[1] P. Tamilselvan, N. Nallusamy, and S. Rajkumar, “A comprehensive review on performance,
combustion and emission characteristics of biodiesel fuelled diesel engines,” Renew. Sustain. The steps that can be employed in the future regarding biodiesel
Energy Rev., vol. 79, no. May, pp. 1134–1159, 2017. production is the use of vast desert areas of Pakistan for
[2] A. K. Agarwal, J. G. Gupta, and A. Dhar, “Potential and challenges for large-scale application of biodiesel in plantation of Jatropha so that barrier of limited reserves of edible
automotive sector,” Prog. Energy Combust. Sci., vol. 61, pp. 113–149, 2017. oils can be crossed. Feedstocks obtained from algae and animal
fats should also be considered as sideways method for extending
its production to market scale.