Building Drawing

Third Semester
Second Year Civil Engineering
Subject: Building Drawing (17309)

INTRODUCTION
Drawing is the language of engineers. An engineer must be
well conversant with drawings. Drawings represent reduced shape
of structure and the owner will be able to see what is going to
happen. Drawings are prepared as per the requirements of
owner. In case of public buildings, the functional aspects are
studied and accordingly the drawings are prepared as per
recommendations laid down in National Building Code (N.B.C) or
as per Indian Standard specifications. Any modifications like
additions or omissions can be suggested from a study of the
drawings before actual construct the structure accordingly.
In case of public buildings or any other civil engineering works, it is
essential to work out different construction of the structure is
started.
Drawings provide a language with specific data to Architects,
Engineers and workmen at the site to parts and different views are
essential so that the approval of work from the sanctioning items
of construction with their quantities for estimating the total cost of
construction project. For this purpose, drawings of different
authority can be obtained.
Further, the detailed drawings form an essential contract
document, when the work is handed over to a contractor. Hence
it is necessary to prepare detailed drawings, which will inform the
contractor, the exact information, which he needs during the
construction of different items of work. Drawings, thus prepared
should be kept carefully even after the completion of work. Thus, it
becomes asses the possibility of further vertical expansion by
referring to the foundation details initially provided.
Sanjay Ghodawat Polytechnic, Atigre 1

Third Semester
Topic 1: CONVENTIONS (4 Marks)

Specific objectives:
Draw the conventions, signs and symbols, Use appropriate scale for different building drawings,
Read and interpret the readymade drawings
Conventions as per IS 962:1989: (CONVENTIONAL SIGNS AND SYMBOLS)

Conventional signs are used to represent the particular item like stone
masonry, brick masonry, concrete etc in the section of drawing. (i.e.)
when the materials are cut by any imaginary plane. Conventional
symbols are provided to indicate doors, windows, their fixing, and
movement of shutters. When they are cloud or opened, various water
supply and sanitary fixtures like tap, wash basin, W.C., urinals, Kitchen
sink, shower etc, symbols are used to indicate the position of electrical
fittings like lamp, switch, power socket, fan etc. To indicate positions of
furniture on drawing room, bedroom, suitable symbols are used.
Que. 1 What are the purposes of conventional sign & Symbols?

Ans: The Bureau of Indian standards (B.I.S) has recommended the
conventional signs and symbols for the following purposes.
1. Avoid confusion and to understand the drawings
2. Save the time in making out various details in the drawing
3. Identify the various details of materials, Electrical fixtures, water-
supply and sanitary fittings, Position of furniture‟s etc.
4. To prevent any dispute between contractor and owner in the
actual construction of the structure.
Que.2 State the Points to remember while using lines in drawing?

Ans: Points to remember while using lines in drawing:
1. Without reason one should not use any type of line in
drawing.
2. According to meaning of line, thickness of line should be
taken.
3. Minimum thickness of line should not be less than 0.2 mm.

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4. While making drawing one should use dark and sharp

pencil.
5. The line drawn should be clear, black and dense.
6. Thickness of line should be change according to meaning.
Que.3 Draw any eight sign conventional signs used in drawing?

Ans: The conventional signs for civil engineering materials as
shown:

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Que.4 Draw graphical symbols for Masonry, Concrete, Wood work

and Glass:
Ans: Graphical symbols for Brick Masonry, Concrete, Wood work
and Glass:
Que.5 Draw graphical symbols for door and window.

Ans: Graphical symbols for door and window:

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Que. 6 Write the full forms of Various abbreviations used in drawing

of any plan?
Ans: Various abbreviations used in drawing of any plan are given
below:
S. Abbre Full Form S. Abbre Full Form

viations viations
No. No.
1 BBM Burnt Brick Masonry 2 CM Cement Mortar
3 Damp Proof Course 4 Uncoursed rubble
DPC UCRM
Masonry
5 CR Coursed Masonry 6 D Door
7 W Window 8 V Ventilators
9 WC Water Closet 10 FSI Floor Space Index
11 Floor area ratio 12 Country cut teak
FAR CCTW
wood
13 TW Teak Wood 14 MH Man Hole
15 NT Nahani Trap 16 GT Gully Trap
17 GI Galvanized Iron 18 CI Cast Iron
19 Reinforced Cement 20 Asbestos Cement
RCC AC
Concrete
21 Plain Cement 22 Inspection Chember
PCC IC
Concrete
23 CC Cement Concrete 24 GL Ground Level
25 PL Plinth Level 26 CL Ceiling Level
27 LL Lintel Level 28 SL Sill Level
Que. 7 State sizes appropriate lettering and numbering for drawing.

Ans: Sizes of Letter for various Letterings:
1. For main title: 6mm X 6mm to 12mm X 12mm
2. For subtitle and headings: 4mm X 4mm to 5mm X 5mm
3. Notes, dimensions, Construction Notes etc: 2mm X 2mm to
4mm X 4mm

Third Semester
Que. 8 Draw different types of lines used in drawing.
Ans: Types of lines used in drawing - visible lines, centre line, hidden line,
section line, dimension line, extension line, pointers, arrow head or dots:
S.No. Type of Line Symbol Necessity

These lines should be
outstanding in appearance.
Visible These lines are used to show
1 wall thickness, plot boundary,
Outline
proposed structure etc.
Thickness may be 0.6mm
to1.3mm.
Thickness 0.2mm These lines are used to show
to 0.3mm. centre.
e.g. Center line of column,
2 Center Line centre line of wall or window
etc. Alternate long and short
dashes are used in proportion
of 6:1 or 4:1.
Thickness 0.6mm It is cutting plane on which a
Section to 1.0 mm. section has been taken. It
3
Line should be indicated by a thick
long dash and two short
dashes alternately
These lines are used andtoevenly
show
spaced and lettered at
dimensions of structure. Thinends.
Dimension full line is used in contrast with
4
Line heavier visible outlines to show
dimension. Thickness 0.2mm to
0.3mm.
OR Light and thin lines are drawn
Extension from the extremities of feature
5 to which dimensions has to be
Line
given. It should not touch the
feature.
Thickness 0.4mm These lines are used to show
to 0.5mm interior or hidden portions e.g.
6 Hidden Line slab projection, chajja
projection, loft, truss etc. It
consists of small dashes evenly
spaced.

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When space is insufficient to write

a note or dimension near the
7 Pointer Line feature, pointer lines are drawn
from the note or dimension to
show where it applies.
Short break lines are free hand
drawn.
8 Break Line OR
To show continuity of the object,
long break line or short break line
is used.
Que. 9 Explain different Types of scale.

Ans: Different Types of scale- Monumental, Intimate, criteria for Proper
Selection of scale for various types of drawing:
Que. 10 What are the different types of scales used in drawing.

Ans: For proportionate and accommodate drawings of structure of
various sizes in standard size of sheet, following types of scales are used.
S.No. Scale Use
1 1: 200 or 1: 100 or 1: 50 For submission and working drawing
2 1: 20 or 1: 10 For large scale drawings like door and
window details.
3 1: 5 or 1: 2 or 1: 1 For enlarge details.

Third Semester
Topic 2. PLANNING OF BUILDING (36 Marks)

State space requirement and norms for minimum dimensions of each units of a building,
Calculate different areas such as plinth area, floor area, built-up, area, carpet area, Draw line
plan for residential and public buildings.
Principles of planning of Residential and Public building- Aspect,

Prospect, Orientation, Grouping, Privacy, Elegance, Flexibility,
Roominess, Circulation, Furniture requirements, Sanitation, Economy.
By planning we mean pre thinking and pre arranging things,

before an event takes place, in order to get best results in comfort,
convenience, health, happiness and efficiency. The object of planning
of buildings to arrange and set out all the different units so as to satisfy
their requirements to the maximum extent by making use of the
available space economically. Thus, building planning can be defined
as an art of designing functionally sound, convenient yet economic
structures. The planning of such a building is governed by many factors
like climatic conditions, site location, functions, surrounding conditions
etc.
Que. 1 List out the basic principles of planning. Explain any one. are:
Ans: Basic principles of planning are:
1. Aspect 2. Prospect
3. Privacy 4. Roominess
5. Grouping 6. Circulation
7. Flexibility 8. Sanitation
9. Elegance 10. Economy
11. Furniture requirement
1. Aspect:
It is the proper placement of different rooms of the building so that
the occupants can enjoy the gift of nature such as sun shine, breeze,
and view of the landscape at different hours of the day. If these are
cheerful, people living in their midst contented and happy. Hence,
building must be designed to suit with all its varying aspects.

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Aspect not only provides comfort but it is important from hygienic point
of view. By careful disposition of doors and windows in external walls, it is
possible to admit sun‟s rays and air into any desired room. The general
appearance of the building largely depends upon the disposition doors
and windows in the external walls, however aspects does not mean
appearance.
Aspects depends upon the direction of the sun , light, air , rain. A room
receiving light and air from particular direction is said to have aspect of
that direction.
The kitchen should have eastern aspect so that morning sun refreshes
and purifies air and kitchen would remain cool and clean in later part of
the day. From the point of view of sunlight, living room used for group
discussion should southern or south east aspect. Here in winter since the
sun is towards south, sun rays enter the room, while in summer direct rays
from north are prevented to enter. Similarly, bed room should have west
or south west aspect since cool breeze is available in summer whereas
wind from north in winter cannot enter the rooms. North aspect is very
good for study room, reading room, workshop, classroom, stores and
stair because there will not be direct sun from north but only diffused
and evenly distributed light will available.
2. Prospect:
Prospect refers to the view as seen of the out side from the
windows in general and doors in external walls. It is determined by the
view as desired from certain rooms of the building such as view of
garden, beautiful scene, a nearby hill etc. Prospect includes taking full
advantage of beauties of nature in the landscape by revealing to the
occupants certain pleasant features and at the same time concealing
some undesirable views in given outlook. Prospect depends upon the
surroundings of the building.
Aspect & Prospect are both primary consideration of building
planning and both demand disposition of doors and windows. It will be
seen that sometimes aspect and prospect considerations may be at
variance with each other as such they should be skillfully disposed.
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Prospect can also be accomplished by providing projecting windows

since such windows not only provide pleasant features but also help in
concealing undesirable views.
Window locations are also helpful to keep a watch on the plot i.e.
the main entrance gate as well as back side.
3. Privacy: Privacy is one of the most important considerations in the

planning of buildings of all types in general and residential buildings in
particular.
Privacy is of two types:
(i) Privacy of all parts of a building with reference to the surrounding
building, streets & by-ways. This can be achieved by growing plants,
trees & also by keeping windows high enough with respect to roads or
ground near by.
(ii) Privacy of one room from another i.e. bed-room, kitchen, bath-room
etc. This can be attained by carefully positioning of doors & openings of
shutter. The shutters should open in such a way that a person entering
the room should get the minimum view.
For maximum privacy such as in bed-room single shutters are better than
double shutters.
Privacy can be achieved by means of small corridor or lobby. Partition,
screens or curtains also help to provide the requisite privacy use of
frosted glass for windows provide more privacy than plain glass. Louvers
for shutters provide not only privacy but also ventilation.
Internal Privacy:
i) In internal Privacy, the direct view inside any room from any
other room or passage, lobby is prevented.
ii) Internal privacy plays an important role in circulation of inside
the building.
Examples:
i) All doors should not be placed in one line, placing of single
shutter doors offer more privacy than double shutter doors.
ii) By proper furniture arrangement.
iii) Use of screens at the doors of W.C. and Bath etc.
iv) Use of partitions.
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External Privacy:
i) In External Privacy, the direct view of the building from
surrounding buildings is obstructed.
ii) Also privacy from noise and pollution from the road.
Examples:
i) Sufficiently kept sill height will not disturb external privacy.
ii) Verandah is to be planned in the front side to maintain external
privacy.
iii) Further raising sill height of W.C. and bathroom also maintains
the external privacy.
iv) Built a compound wall on plot boundary.
v) Plant the trees near building.
4. Roominess
It refers to the effect achieved by making the best of small
portions of room by deriving maximum benefit from minimum
dimensions. It appears to be simple at first but really difficult to achieve.
It is opposite of crampedness & taxes the brain of the engineer. The
feeling of space that is whether it is less, more or adequate depends up
on the shape or proportions of length, width & height. A rectangular
room is relatively felt bigger than a square room of the same area. It is
also found more convenient from utility point of view see fig. (a) & (b).
For a rectangular room the length to width ratio should be between
1:2:1 & 1:5:1. A ratio 2:1 or more will cause “tunnel” effect & create bad
feeling which should be avoided.
Colour is also responsible for creating the effect of space. Light
colours create the effect of more space than the dark colours. Hence a
combination of light & dark colours used on different walls of the same
room will create the sense of more space.
5. Grouping
Grouping means arrangement of various rooms in the layout in
such a fashion that all the rooms are placed with reference to their
functions & in due proximity with each other. The building consists of units

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or rooms in general. Each room or unit has to perform certain function or

functions & there is also some sort of sequence in between them. Proper
grouping should have smooth change over rather than abrupt one. Bad
grouping lacks in privacy also.
Generally people like to sit in the verandah as such living room
should naturally be next to it. Dining room must be close to the kitchen.
At the same time, the kitchen should be away from the drawing or living
room otherwise the bad smell & smoke will cause nuisance for the
occupants. Sanitary arrangements should be adjacent to the bed-room
but away from the kitchen, dining room. There should be an
independent access to sanitary units.
6. Circulation
Circulation is the access or the internal movement or thoroughfare
provided. Circulation is of two types. One is the horizontal circulation &
the other is vertical circulation. If the movement is for the same floor &
may be from one room to another or within the room itself, then it is
called horizontal circulation. The horizontal circulation can be achieved
by providing passages, corridors, lobbies, verandahs & halls. It should be
straight, short, sufficiently lighted & well ventilated to provide comfort,
convenience, efficiency & safety. Desirable horizontal circulation has
short, straight & independent passages. It helps to provide privacy of the
room.
Vertical circulation is the movement from one floor to another
floor. It can be achieved by means of stairs, lifts & escalators. These
should be easily accessible from entrance, various rooms without
intruding privacy. They should also be properly lighted & ventilated. Stairs
should be sufficiently wide with strong balusters or parapets & handrails
on both the sides. All the sanitary services & staircases must have an
independent access from every room through a lobby. It should be airy
& well lit.

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7. Furniture requirements
The requirements of furniture depend on the type of buildings, the
number of persons using the room & function of the room. Therefore the
requirement of furniture their sizes etc. is an important consideration
because the furniture will decide the size of the room. To make best use
of the available space in the room, minimum furniture should be
provided. The room does not look pleasing, attractive if it is overloaded
in spite of good selected furniture. So at the time of planning the proper
position of furniture such as sofas, chairs, tables, television, wall unit in
living room, beds, easy chairs, cupboards, almirah, dressing table in
bedroom; dining table with chairs in dining room, racks, fridge in kitchen
etc. is to be decided with proper circulation & roominess.
Here are some important hints to be borne in mind, while arranging the
furniture:
 Furniture should satisfy the functional purpose as well as
decorative purpose.
 Furniture should be proportional to the size of the room.
 The arrangement of furniture should well balance.
 Furniture should be arranged parallel or perpendicular to
the wall but never at an angle.
 Minimum clearance for movement or circulation should be
provided.
 Traffic lanes should be clear of obstacles.
 Too many furniture pieces should be avoided in the room to
avoid a crowded & suffocated look.
 Furniture arrangement should depict harmony or unity &
rhythm.
 Furniture should provide maximum utility.
8. Flexibility
Flexibility means planning a room in such a way that even though
a room originally planned to satisfy a particular purpose, it should also
serve other desired purposes when required in future. Space has
maximum value now a days, so economy of space is an important

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factor. Space or lack of space is a problem for all. The answer is not to
finding more space but to make maximum use of available space. This is
particularly important for designing the houses where economy is major
consideration. So we should be careful to see that even the smallest
room should serve big role. One should be flexible over the use of rooms.
The requirements go on changing as the family expands in future.
Hence, planning is to be done in a manner that the rooms like living
room can be easily converted into a guest room. Dining can be
provided in the kitchen, in that case it may be useful as kitchen-cum-
dining room. If there is a separate dining room, it may be used as study
room.
9. Sanitation
Sanitation includes provision of sufficient light, ventilation,
cleanliness and sanitary convenience in following way.
(i) Lighting: The object of lighting is to promote the work or any
activity to be carried in the building under safety conditions, and
pleasant environment which are helpful to create interest, economy,
and a sense of well being. Lighting is of two types. One is natural and
other is artificial.
Natural lighting: The sun is the main source of natural light. Sunlight
illuminates and also destroys bacteria and disease germs, since it
contains ultra violet rays. The blue sky over our head is also the source of
day-light and brightness. The intensity of light is affected by clouds, dust,
smoke and gases. Hence, planning is to be making to get the required
natural light.
Artificial lighting: - Artificial lighting is mainly required at night &
replace or supplement the natural illumination. Igneous & imaginative
lighting technique can bring life cheerfulness, comfort & a style in a
moderately decorated room. Proper illumination increases cheerfulness
& efficiency of the workers in a factory or office by reducing fatigue.
Glare should be avoided as far as possible because it not only distracts
but also disables the vision.

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(ii) Ventilation: - It may be defined as a system of supplying of

fresh air from outside by natural or mechanical devices & removing of
air vitiated by respiration, bacteria & unpleasant odors from the rooms in
order to maintain comfortable conditions. Lack of movement of air
produces a feeling of discomfort, increases temperature, humidity.
Ventilation may be natural or artificial.
(iii) Cleanliness: - It is the responsibility of the occupant to maintain

the building clean & neat. However precaution should be taken to
provide facilities for cleaning & prevention of dust accumulation. The
dust is harmful to health. It allows the growth of bacteria & decreases to
spread. So dust should be prevented to accumulate on moulding,
skirting, ceramics & corners by giving proper shape for easy cleaving.
The interior wall should be perfectly plane & their meeting lines at the
corners should be rounded off for easy cleaning. The floor should be on
non-absorbent type & smooth. Also proper slope should be given for
easy cleaning & washing.
(iv) Sanitary Conveniences:- This includes the provision of bath-

rooms, water-closets, lavatories, latrines, urinals to remove unhygienic
matter away from the living place. Dust bins should also be provided to
collect the garbage & to carry away from the living place. The walls of
the bathrooms & water closet should be provided with dadoes so that
they can be cleaned regularly. The flooring & side walls should be
treated with water-proofing compound before fixing the glazed tiles for
floor & dadoes.
10. Elegance
Elegance means beauty & grace. This effect is produced by
greater purity & delicacy of ornamental enrichment of construction.
Elegance is related to the appearance of the building i.e. elevation,
which can be made attractive, impressive & pleasing. This elegance in a
building can be achieved in three ways. Firstly, it can be achieved by

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the treatment of walls, the proportions of openings in the form of doors &
windows, relation of one storey to another etc. Secondly it can be
achieved by the treatment of exterior of a building which is aesthetically
significant as a whole, such as the effect of a pitched or flat roof or a
dome, the rhythm of projection & recessions etc. Thirdly it can be
achieved by the treatment of the interior, the arrangement of rooms, a
graceful stair-case etc. The first of the above three ways is two
dimensional, whereas second & third are three dimensional.
11. Economy
Economy is not the principle of planning but rather a factor on
which the planning can be based. No general rules can be made to
achieve economy since the ways & means to attain it are different in
different situation. Economy can be achieved by keeping the minimum
dimensions of the rooms, doors, windows; simple design for windows,
plain tiles as well as fixtures & fastening. The height of the building can
be kept to a minimum of 3 m. for a residential building. Porches, lobbies
can be avoided. If the land cost is high, multistoried building can be
constructed to save the cost for foundation & roof. A building designed
for a good strength, utility & safety will certainly prove to be costly in the
beginning but may prove to be cheaper in the long run as it saves the
cost of maintenance in future. It should be remembered that a building
or house is immovable property & built with one‟s life saving, to last for
many years to come. One should not therefore, adopt false economy
by erecting a weak building.

Third Semester
Que. 5 Explain Orientation of Building using Aspect & Prospect.

Ans: Orientation of Building using Aspect and Prospect:
S. No. Unit Aspect Remark
1 Kitchen or Kitchen Morning sun should enter
E/NE/SE
cum dining
2 Bed room Evening sun should come
to remove dampness and
germs. Sun rays in evening
W/SW/NW are cool in nature so bed
room becomes pleasant till
its time of use. Good
breeze comes from west.
3 Living room SE/NE For all the time of day,
good sunlight should come.
4 Study room N This room should be well
lighted.
5 Store room N This room should be well
lighted.
6 verandah N/S This room should be well
lighted.
7 WC and Bath - Must be located near
kitchen and bed.
Que. 7 State different sizes of doors & windows.

Ans: I.S.1003 RECOMMENDED SIZES FOR DOORS AND WINDOWS:
a) Vertical stile, top and frieze rail width : 150 ± 3mm
b) Lock rail width : 150 ± 3mm
c) Bottom rail width : 200 ± 3mm
d) Mounting width : 100 ± 3mm
e) Glazing bar : 40 ± 1mm
f) Thickness for all members : 35 ± 1 or 40 ± 1mm
Doors and windows are indicated by following letters.
D = Door W = Window
V = Ventilator S = Single shutter
T = Double Shutter P = Two Panels
R = Three Panels Q = Four Panels

Third Semester
Que. 8 State the Space requirement and norms for minimum dimension
of different units in the residential buildings:
Ans: Space requirement and norms for minimum dimension of different
units in the residential buildings:
S.No. Room Name Minimum Size
1 Living room 9.5 sqm (mini 2.4 m wide)
2 Bedroom 9.5 sqm (mini 2.4 m wide)
3 Kitchen 4.5 sqm (mini 1.8 m wide)
4 Kitchen cum store 5.5. sqm
5 Kitchen cum dining 9.5 sqm
6 bath 1.8 sqm (General size 1.5m X
1.2m)
7 W.C. 1.1 sqm (General size 1.1m X 1m)
8 Combined WC and 2.8 sqm (mini 1.2 m wide)
bath
9 Balcony Balcony projection should not
more than 0.75 m
10 Stair case Width: 1m
Rise: 150 mm
Trade: 250 mm
Landing area: 1 sqm
Width of landing = width of stair
Head room : 2.2 m
11 verandah Width of verandah = 2.5 m

Third Semester
Rules and bye-laws of sanctioning authorities for construction:

Que. 9 Define Building Bye Laws? State objects of bye laws.
Ans: BUILDING BYE-LAWS
A bye-law is the local law framed by a competent authority. Every
locality has its own peculiarities with respect to the climatic conditions;
geological conditions i.e. availability of materials for construction, labour
etc.
The building regulations are generally uniform in character,
covering the entire town or city. The regulations are drawn by a panel of
experts in different fields as Engineering, Public health Law, General
Administration & Town planning. It is the Municipality or the Corporation
which forms the building bye-laws as per the Municipal Act or
Corporation Act.
It is therefore, necessary that the planning persons must have
knowledge of the building bye-laws & regulations. Only those plans are
approved which comply with the requirements of building bye-laws &
license for construction is issued.
Object of Bye-laws
 To give guide lines to the designer, architect or engineer.
 To prevent haphazard development.
 To control land development & to check un-authorized
construction i.e. encroachment on public & private land.
 To limit or define the way the new structures are to be built.
 To specify the type of materials to be used.
 To provide open spaces, air, breeze etc.
 To afford safety against fire, noise & smoke etc.

Third Semester
Que. 9 List the important bye laws.

Ans: Important bye-laws:
(I) Building & Control Lines
(II) Open Space Requirements
(III) Built-up Area
(IV) Floor Space Index (F.S.I.) or Floor Area Ratio (F.A.R.)
(V) Height of Building
Important rules and bye laws of sanctioning authorities for

constriction in rural area are.-
1) The prospered building must be in residential zone.
2) The minimum Front margin should be 3.00m
3) The minimum side and rear margins should be1.50 m.
4) The maximum No of storey should be (G+1).
5) The maximum allowable built up area should be 60% of total
plot area.
6) The minimum Height of plinth should be 450 mm.
7) The Maximum Height of Slab should be 2.75 m.
8) The FSI in rural area is one
Que. 9 State Plinth heights and Ceiling heights used in drawing.

Ans: Plinth height: - Plinth height should be more than 300mm.
 Generally it is taken from 450mm to 750mm.
 For garages plinth height is 150mm.
Ceiling height:-
1. For habitable rooms: 2.75m
2. For habitable rooms if air-conditioned: 2.4m
3. For habitable rooms under row housing scheme:
2.6m
4. Kitchen: 2.75m
5. WC and Bath: 2.2m
6. Basement: 2.4m
7. Headroom in staircase: 2.2m

Third Semester
Que. 9 Define following terms:

i. FSI ii. Floor Area
iii. Built up Area iv. Carpet area
Ans:
F.S.I.:- F.S.I. means floor space index. It is defined as the ratio of
total built-up area (total area of all floors) to the area of the plot. It
is also called as floor area ratio (F.A.R.) it regulates population
density and overcrowding in dwelling units.
Floor area: - This is the usable covered area of the building at any
floor level. Floor area is calculated by deducting area of walls
from plinth area.
Built up area: - It is the area covered by all floors of the building. It

covers everything under roof but excludes balconies, staircases
etc. It includes floor area of all rooms plus wall thickness.
Carpet area: - This is the floor area of the usable rooms at any
floor. (Actually where carpet can be laid.) Carpet area can be
calculated from floor area deducting sanitary accommodation,
kitchen, pantries, verandah, corridors, passages, stores etc.

Third Semester
Calculation for areas such as plot area, built up area, super built up
area, plinth area, carpet area, floor area, FAR (Floor Area Ratio) / FSI:
Que. 9 Explain in brief ‘Built-up Area’.

Ans: Built-up Area:
The built-up area is the constructed area which includes wall
thickness. Therefore, built-up area is the area remaining after deducting
open space area from plot area i.e. the total area purchased for the
proposed building plan. Carpet area is the built-up area less the area
occupied by walls. When open space area is restricted then the built-up
area of any building is automatically restricted. According to use there
are restrictions on built-up areas, as given below.
In a bazaar or market area, the built up area shall not exceed 75
% of the site area provided ample space for parking in available on the
same site.
In an industrial area, the built-up areas are stated below.

Area of the plot Permissible Built-up Area with
two storied structure
(i) Less than 200 sq. m. 60 %
(ii) 200 sq.m. To 500 sq. m. 50 %
(iii) 500 sq. m. to 1000 sq.m. 40 %
(iv) More than 1000 sq. m. 33 %

Third Semester
Que. 9 Explain Floor Space Index (F.S.I.) or Floor Area Ratio (F.A.R.)
Ans: Floor Space Index (F.S.I.) or Floor Area Ratio (F.A.R.)
Floor space index is defined as a ratio of total built-up area of all
floors to the plot area.
Total built-up area of all floor
FSI= ----------------------------------
Area of Plot
Plinth Area = Carpet area + Wall thickness of all units + Area which
is excluded in calculation of carpet area.
The ratio of total built-up area of all floors to the plot area of the
building is called Floor Space Index, abbreviated to F.S.I. It is a
pure number. The F.S.I. is fixed by the local authority & is different
for different areas & different buildings in the city. As such the built-
up areas are governed by F.S.I. the F.S.I. therefore, checks the
height of the building & as a consequence, it controls the density
of population. For example, if the plot area consists of 36 squares
with F.S.I. as 1 then the maximum buildable area will be 36 *
1=36.Now, if this area is to be utilized for multi-storied building, then
two floors are necessary to utilize areas of 18 squares, three floors
to utilize b12 squares (See fig) four floors to utilize 9 squares, nine
floors to utilize 4 squares.
The F.S.I. is therefore the total area of all floors including floor. It
does not include the basement area. The following is also
excluded from the total area viz. staircase hall, balconies, chajjas,
parking on stilt, water tanks on the roofs or terrace, garages,
mezzanine floor ( provided it covers not more than 40 % of the
area of the room & height not more than 2.6 m )
Generally, F.S.I. is fixed at 1 to 2 by the local authority.
In the central places of cities, for commercial+ residential
buildings, it is 2. In other places only for residential buildings it is 1.5,
while in all suburbs & colonies it is 1. But F.S.I. can be changed by
the authority as & when the circumstances arise to
accommodate the over-growing population. For example, in
Pune & Mumbai it can be even 3 to 5.
Third Semester
Line plans for public building: - School Building,
S. No Details
1 Site should have free air circulation and sunlight.
2 Entrance should be easily accessible from street.
3 Site should have playground.
4 Administrative block near to principal‟s cabin.
5 Class rooms:
6 i. below 10 years 1.2 m2 / student
7 ii. above 10 years 1.5 m2/ student
8 iii. General size of room 4.5m X 6 m
6m X 7 m
7m X 10 m
9 Teachers room 14 m2
10 Drawing room 3 to 4m2 / student
11 Laboratories 3 to 4m2 / student
12 Assembly hall 0.5 to 0.6m2 / student
13 Library 80 to 90 m2 / 1000 students
14 Parking space & Cycle
stand

Third Semester
Line plans for public building: - Primary Health Centre,

Unit of primary health center:-
1) Entrance and waiting space: 1. Entrance and Waiting Space:

2.5 m wide (mini.) 2. Doctor‟s room: 3 X 3.6 m
2) Doctor‟s Room: 3.0 m x 3.6 m. 3. Examination room: 3X4 m
3) Operation Theatre: 4.0m x 6.0m. 4. Operation room: 4X5.5m
4) Examination room: 3.0m x 4.0m. 5. Circulation space
5) Circulation space: 3.0m side 6. Wards:
6) Words: a) Maternity: 8X10 m2/bed
I) General: 8to10m2/bed. b) General: 8X10 m2/bed
II)Maternity: 8to10m2/bed 7. Medical Store: 3.5X4.75 m
7) Medical store: 3.5m x 5.0 m. 8. Office: 12m2
8) Office: 3.0 x 4.0m. 9. Laboratory: 15m2
9) Laboratory: 3 .0m x5.0m 10. Parking Space:
10) Family planning Unit: 3m x 4m 11. Family Planning unit:
11) Parking Space 12. Residence:
12) Sanitary Block a) Doctor: 60-90m2/head
I) W.C: 1.0m x 1.2m. b) Servants: 40-60 m2/ head
II) Bath room: 1.5m x 2.5m
III) Urinals: 0.6m x 0.9

Third Semester
Line plans for public building: - Hospital Building

1) Entrance and waiting space: 2.5 m wide
(minimum)
2) Doctor‟s and examination Room (Minimum 3): 15 m2.
3) Operation Theatre: 30 m2.
4) Circulation space: 3.0m
wide
5) General ward: 8 to10 m2/bed.
6) Maternity ward: 8 to10m2/bed
7) Medical store: 15 m2.
8) Office & reception: 10 m2.
9) Laboratory: 20 m2.
10) Special ward: 12 m2.
11) ICU: 12 m 2.
12) Storage: 10 m 2.
13) X ray room: 15 m 2.
14) Nurse room: 9 m 2.
15) Ward boy room: 9 m2.
11) Parking Space
12) Sanitary Block :
For Male For Female
I) W.C: 1 in 100 1 in 50
II) Bath room: 2 per ward 2 per ward
III) Urinals: 1 in 50 --
iv) Wash Basin 1 in 100 1 in 100

Third Semester
Line plans for public building: - Bank :Details of units
1. Entrance and moving space: 2 m wide

2. Counter (Minimum 4 no.): Height 1.5m to 1.8m
Width: 0.5m to 0.75 m
Length: 1.2 m
3. Working space behind counter: 3m wide
4. Agents room: 3m X 3m
5. Cashier‟s cage: 1.5m X 1.5m
6.Safe deposit vault: 20 m 2
7. Managers room: 12 m2
8. Accounting room: 9.5 m 2
9. staff room / pantry: 9.5 m2
10. Sanitary block: 1 wc, 1WB for male & Female
11. parking space:
Line plans for public building: - Post Office: Details of units

1. Entrance and moving space: 2 m wide
2. Counter (Minimum 4 no.): Height 1.6m to 1.8m
Width: 0.7m to 0.9 m
Length: 1.2 m
3. Working space behind counter: 3m wide
4. sorting room: 2 to 3m2 / person
5. Post masters room: 9 m2
6. Telephone booth:
7. parking space and cycle stand:
8. Sanitary block: 1 wc, 1WB for male & Female

Third Semester
Line plans for public building: - Hostel :Details of units
1. Entrance and reception: 3 m wide

2. Room accommodations:
i. Single seated: 9.5 m2 / Head (3m X 3.2 m)
ii. Single seated: 7.5 m2/ Head (3.5m X 4 m)
iii. Three seated : 7.5 m2/ Head (4.2m X 5 m)
3. Passages and corridor: 2m wide
4. Dining hall: 3.5 m2 / head
5. Kitchen: 2,75 m X 3m
Pantry: 2m X 3m
6. Store room: 2.75m X 3m
7. Library / Recreation room: 0.5 m2 / Head
8. Warden room with toilet: 15 m2
9. Waiting area: 9.5 m2
10. Watch man‟s cabin: 5.5 m2
12. Public Telephone:
13. Sanitary Block : Male Female
I) W.C: 1 for 10 1 for 8
II) Bath room: 1 for 10 1 for 10
III) Urinals: 1 for 25 --
Planning of staircase - Rise and Tread for residential and public building.
1) Rise for residential building. -170 to190 mm
2) Tread for residential building.-250 mm
3) Rise for Public building.-150mm to 170mm
4) Tread for Public building. -300 mm to 325mm

Third Semester
Line plans for public building: - Canteen and Restaurant.

1. Entrance & Porch: 2.5 m wide
2. Waiting area: 9.5 m2
3. Café, Dining, Family room: 1.5 m2 / Head
4. Launge: 2.5 m2 / Head
5. Kitchen: 15 m2
6. Washing area: 10 m2
7. Serving area: 3 m wide
8. Staff room: 10 m 2
9. Manager: 5.5 m 2
10. Storage area: 10 m2
11. Preparation area: 10 m2
12. Parking area:
13. Sanitary Block : Male Female
I) W.C: 1 in 40 1 in 25
II) Urinals: 1 in 20 --
iv) Wash Basin 1 in 25 1 in 25
Line plans for public building: - Library: Details of units
1. Site should be in calm and quite place

2. Entrance and reception: 1.8 m wide
3. Delivery Counter: 1.8m height and 0.7 wide
4. Liberians room: 9m2
5. Sections in Library:
i. Reference books: 20 to 60 m2
ii. Book section: 20 to 60 m2
iii. News paper / Magazine : 3m wide
iv. Stacking space: 20 m2
6. Circulation: 2 m wide
7. Reading room: 20 to 60 m2

Third Semester
Topic 3. TYPES OF DRAWING

Draw developed plan, elevation, section, site plan based on given line plan.
Prepare submission drawing, working drawing, foundation drawing of a residential building.
A building may be residential or public building. The plan, section along

given vertical plane and elevation gives the details of building.
Plan:
Plan of building represents a horizontal section of building at given
height seen from top. It is a general conventional to imagine that
the building has been cut down by a horizontal plane at the sill
level of the window and is seen from the top after removal of so
cutpart. The plan shows the arrangement of rooms, varandah or
corrider, position of door, and window and other openings along
with their respective sizes.
The dimension of the room indicated as Breath x Length In the
case of Varandah‟s, the given dimension upto the end of
Varandah retaining wall and the position of beams, sunshades,
portico, ventilators which are above sill level of window are shown
with dotted or broken lines.
Line diagram is the sketch generally not drawn to particular scale
also known as line sketch. The relative positions of all elements like
rooms, doors, windows are clearly shown inside to inside. From the
given specifications, the thickness of wall in super structure shall be
taken to draw the fully dimensioned plan to a convenient scale.
Floor Plan Drawings provide a "bird's-eye view" of the different

floor levels of your project. They show scaled dimensions of the
project, and include rooms, spaces, walls, partitions, doors,
windows, fixtures and other features.
For renovation and alteration projects, the drawings must clearly
distinguish between existing, new, and demolished or removed
construction.
Walls and partitions must be shown at an appropriate width for
the scale used. Single line wall and partition drawings are not
acceptable.

Third Semester
Drawing requirements for Floor Plans Drawings include, but are not
limited to, the following:
 Title and scale  Room finish schedules

 Fixed furnishing  Window sizes and locations
 Exterior walls  Cross-section symbol
 Millwork  Room use names
 Exterior Dimensions  Plumbing Fixtures
 Wall schedules  Information on existing attached
 Interior partition structures
 Partition schedules  Minor structural members
 Interior dimensions  Seating plans for Assembly
 Door and frame Occupancies
schedules  Adjacent tenant uses
 Door sizes and locations  Demising wall construction.
Typical Developed Plan:
Note: Wall thickness - 02 marks, Labeling- 02 marks, Dimension- 02 marks, Position of

Window – 02 marks & Door – 02 marks, Neatness – 02 Marks

Third Semester
Section:
Section is also known as vertical section and sectional
elevation or cross section. It is imagined that a finished buildings is
cut vertically along a line so that the building is separated into two
portions along the imagined vertical plane right from top of the
building to the lowest part of foundation. The view that can be
seen while travelling along this imaginary vertical plane when
looking towards left is drawn to the same scale as that adopted
for the plan.
The line, which is drawn on the plan to indicate the section, is
called sectional line and represented by A-B or X-X. The arrow
heads shall be marked to indicate the way in which the sectional
view is to be drawn. In some cases offset is given to indicate the
necessary details, but the offset is only to shift the vertical plane
from one position to another position as shown below.
The necessity of the section is to indicate all the vertical
dimensions like, foundation details, basement, details of flooring,
height of super structure, sizes of doors, windows, almairahs,
cupboards, other openings, thickness of roofing, width and depth
of parapet wall, lintels, sunshades, portico and other details. All
these details are required to calculate the quantities of items of
work and to execute the process of construction.
Building Section Drawings show a view at an imaginary line cut
through the building vertically, indicating the buildings structural
and construction elements. The Building Section Drawings expose
and identify the construction elements of the roof, walls, partitions,
floors, ceilings, and foundations. For most renovation or alteration
projects, Building or Wall Sections would not be required. If the
project involves alterations to the roof, floor, walls, or foundations
components of the building, appropriate Building or Wall Sections
(showing the proposed alterations) will be required.

Third Semester
Drawing requirements for the Building Section Drawings include, but are
not limited to, the following:
 Title and scale  Bottom of footing elevation
 Room use names  Roof slope/pitch
 Top of finish grade  Building components (walls,
elevation roof, floors, foundations, etc.)
 Height dimensions  Attachment/Relationship to
 Top of floor elevation(s) existing building (as
 Material size & type applicable)
Typical Section Plan:
Typical Section Plan:
*Note: Correct Section - 04 marks, All Dimensions - 02 marks, Material Symbols – 02

Marks, Neatness – 02 Marks.

Third Semester
ELEVATION:
Elevation or front view is the outward view of a completed
building along any side of the building. When a building is seen by
standing in front of it, the view that can be viewed is known as front
elevation.
Similarly backside view is called rear elevation or from any side of
it which is known as side elevation.
Building Elevation Drawings show the exterior views of the
building, for each building face. The drawings show height relationships
and exterior finish information. A Building Elevation Drawing is required
for each building face.
For most renovation or alteration projects, Building Elevations
Drawings would not be required. If the project involves substantial
alterations to the building exterior, Building Elevation Drawings will be
required.
Drawing requirements for Building Elevation Drawings include, but are
not limited to, the following:
 Title and scale
 Roof slope/pitch
 Window types
 Roof venting
 Top of floor elevation(s) ○ Flashings
 Top of finished grade (referenced to site plan)
 Exterior building features (walls, roof, doors, windows)
 Attachment/Relationship to existing building (as applicable)
Typical Elevation:
*Note: Projected Line work- 02 marks, Correct Elevation- 04 marks, Neatness – 02 Marks

Third Semester
Data drawing – site plan,

A Site Plan Drawing identifies buildings and other features in
relation to property boundaries. It must identify existing buildings,
structures, and features on the property, and the changes to the
property created by the proposed project.
Alterations, Renovations, or Change of Use to a building may
determine the need for existing site features to be identified
and/or altered (e.g. parking, loading spaces, & fire access routes).
If site feature information is required, or if features are altered, the
information must be shown on a Site Plan Drawing.
Some of the information for a Site Plan Drawing can be found on
the property survey. If a survey is not available, accurate
information must be obtained for the Site Plan Drawing.
Minimum information requirements for Site Plan Drawings include,
but are not limited to, the following:
 Title, Scale, and North Arrow
 Street Name, Address, and Legal Description
 Abutting streets and lanes
 Property lines and dimensions
 Rights- of- way and easements
 All existing buildings and structures (indicating shape and
dimensions)
 Proposed construction (indicating shape and dimensions)
 Setbacks to all property lines from existing and proposed
building and structures
 Separation distances between all buildings and structures
 Any building structures to be removed
 New/existing driveway locations and size
 New/existing vehicle aisles and dimensions
 New/existing parking stalls and loading spaces (size,
locations, and numbers)
 New/existing sidewalks and curbs
 Fire access routes and hydrant locations
 Barrier-free access (ramps, landings, and curb cuts)
 Site plan control agreement requirements (if applicable)
 Well and septic tank/field location (if applicable)
 Site grading elevations (existing and proposed)

Third Semester
Importance of Site Plan:

1. It gives idea of site.
2. It gives details of building site with respect to road and
adjoining plots.
3. It gives idea direction of plot facing ie East-west or North-south.
4. It gives margins from boundary of plot.
5. It gives size of plot.
6. It gives location of water supply line, drainage line, manhole
and water tank.
Location Plan:
Location plan is the drawing in which site of work is shown with respect
to city survey.
Importance of Site Plan:
1. Location plan can shown with site plan.
2. With the help of location plan, we can locate correctly the site of
site of construction.
3. In location plan, distance of site from permanent object is find out.
4. In location plan, boundaries towards all directions are described.
5. Location plan is drawn by competent authorities, any disputes
can be solved.
Typical Site Plan:

Third Semester
Sample of schedule for openings:
S.
Item Symbol No. Size Description Remark
No.
Flush Door with TW External
1 Door D 1 1.0 X2.1 m Frame, Single Door
Shutter
Fully Paneled Internal
2 Door D1 2 0.9 X2.1 m door in TW Frame, Door
Single Shutter
Partly paneled, WC and
partly glazed Bath door
3 Door D2 3 0.75 X2.1 m
door, single 4
shutter type
4 Opening O 2 0.9 X2.1 m -- --
Collapsible MS riveted External
5 CD 1 1.5 X2.1 m
Door channeled
Fully glazed In Living
6 Window W 4 1.2 X2.1 m
Windows Room
Fully glazed In living
7 Window W1 1 0.9 X2.1 m windows with room
ventilators at top
Fully glazed In Bed
8 Window W2 1 1.8 X0.9 m
windows
MS square E bars Verandah
9 Grill GW 1 1.5 X2.1 m
(12mm)
10 Ventilator V 2 0.45 X0.6 m Louvered Window In WC

Third Semester
Data drawing – construction notes with specifications,

Example of General construction notes is given below:
1. Concrete bed for foundation masonry PCC (1:4:8) 20cm thick.
2. Good hard foundation is available at depth of 0.90m below ground
level.
3. Foundation & Plinth masonry in UCR in CM (1:4)
4. Height of plinth – 60 cm above ground level.
5. Super structure – BB masonry in CM (1:5), 30 cm thick and front walls
and common walls of bath & WC 10 cm thick.
6. Main roof consist of _________________
7. The front verandah and rear portion is provided with RCC(1:2:4) slab
12 cm thick and clear height above floor level is 3.5 m.
8. Flooring for building consists of __________ fixed in usual mortar.
9. Glazed tiles Dado provided in WC and bath room up to height of
1.0m.
Purpose of writing Construction notes:

1. Type and specifications of material which is to be used is
mentioned in construction note.
2. To know the dimensions of components shown in drawing.
3. To know the types of doors and windows and ventilators.
4. To know the depth of foundation, plinth height, floor height, sill
height etc.
5. To know details of chajja projection, slab projection and plinth
projection etc.
6. Any special work or treatment to be given in mentioned in
construction notes.

Third Semester
Schedule of Area statement:

S. No. Area Heading Area in Remark
m2
1 Plot area ___m X ____m size of plot,
survey no. _____
2 Permissible built up _____ of plot area or
area according to FSI
3 Built up area Area of all units with wall
thickness
4 Plinth area Area of building at plinth area
5 Carpet area Usable area of all units
excluding wall thickness and
sanitary blocks.
Importance of Area Statement:

1. Area statement is the first step in designing of building.
2. It plays important role while taking sanction for plan.
3. In future, if there will be any expansion in plot, it will be decided
acc. To area of statement.
4. Billing of contractor is calculated with the help of this statement.
5. The taxes of construction are based on the area of statement.
Importance of submission drawing:

I. For the purpose of obtaining sanction from competent
authority.
II. To know the orientation of the building.
III. It gives details of about all floor plans including terrace and
car park plan.
IV. It shows the architectural elevation of the building.
V. It gives clear internal details from foundation to terrace of
the building in section.
VI. Gives details of the doors and windows sizes and types in
schedule of opening.
VII. Schedule giving notes for type of construction.
VIII. Schedule giving notes for foundation work.
IX. It gives idea about total height of building.

Third Semester
Importance’s of working drawing.

I. Working drawings are detailed drawings and contains all
instructions and data for actual execution of work on site.
II. It includes location sketch, foundation plan, detailed plans
floor by floor, detailed sections.
III. It also includes structural drawings which contain
reinforcement details of all columns, beams, slabs, chajjas,
cantilever structures etc.
IV. Bar bending schedule is also included.
V. Working drawing also gives information about material
used, types of doors and windows, sanitary fittings along
with required numbers.
VI. Construction notes, separate foundation drawing, site plan,
drainage and water supply arrangement, electrification
layout is shown in working drawing.
VII. Details of RCC components like chajja, lintel, and staircase
are included in working drawing.
VIII. Each and every minute details of construction are available
in working drawing for easy execution of work from start to
end.
REQUIREMENTS OF GOOD DRAWING:

 Drawing should be clear, simple and clean
 Should agree with the actual measurements by the
accurately drawn scaled measurements.
 Exact information should be provided in order to carry out
the work at site without scaling for missing measurements.
 Only minimum notes to support the drawings should be
indicated in the drawings.
 Sufficient space should be provided between the views so
as to mark the dimensions without crowding.

Third Semester
Topic.4. PERSPECTIVE DRAWING

Use the principles of perspective drawings, Draw perspective drawing of object.
Definition:
Perspective is a Latin word meaning „look through”. It is a three
dimensional view as a person sees or a camera captures a picture. It is
representation of an object as it appears to the observer. It is illusion
which is different from actual form of object. It is useful to architects,
engineers, designers, public and artists. It is used for advertisement and
printing brochures.
Types of perspective:
a) Based on position of object with respect to picture plane :-
I) parallel perspective
II) oblique perspective
b) Based on No of Vanishing point :-

I) One point perspective
II) Two point perspective
III)Three point perspective
Terms used in perspective drawing:

1) Picture Plane: It is an imaginary, transparent vertical plane
erected between the object and the observer, very near to, or
touching or cutting one corner of the object.
2) Vanishing points: The vanishing points on a line are the points
where the perspective of all straight lines except those parallel to
the picture plan appears to terminate. OR
2) Vanishing points: The vanishing points on a line are the points in

which a system of parallel line of the object inclined to picture
plane appear to converge.
Principal used in prospective drawing:-
1) The lines appear to be shorter than their actual length, and his
effect increase, as the distance of the object increase.
2) The picture of all points and lines on the picture play coincides
with the points and lines themselves.

Third Semester
3) Perspective of all the parallel lines which are also parallel to the
picture plane .not parallel to the picture plane, converge to a
point
OR
Perspective drawing is figure formed on a picture plane when
visual rays from eye to the object cut the picture plane.
 Size and shape of perspective view depends on position of
picture plane, eye level, station point and vanishing points.
 When object is nearer to the observer or camera, it forms
larger angle at eye or lens hence form larger images and if
object is farther, it subtends smaller angle so forms smaller
image.
 In addition to length and breadth perspective view creates
illusion of height/depth.
 For human eye, parallel lines seen converged. E.g. railway
track.



Department of Civil Engineering
For Details contact:
Mr. V.S. kumbhar
HOD
Civil Department,
Sanjay Ghodawat Polytechnic, Atigre.
Mob. No.: 7798306363
Ph. No.: 0230 -246312
Email ID: vikas.kumbhar@sgplytechnic.in
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Third Semester

Second Year Civil Engineering

Subject: Building Drawing (17309)

Sanjay Ghodawat Polytechnic, Atigre 1

Topic 1: CONVENTIONS (4 Marks)

Conventions as per IS 962:1989: (CONVENTIONAL SIGNS AND SYMBOLS)

Que. 1 What are the purposes of conventional sign & Symbols?

Que.2 State the Points to remember while using lines in drawing?

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4. While making drawing one should use dark and sharp

Que.3 Draw any eight sign conventional signs used in drawing?

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Que.4 Draw graphical symbols for Masonry, Concrete, Wood work

Que.5 Draw graphical symbols for door and window.

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Que. 6 Write the full forms of Various abbreviations used in drawing

S. Abbre Full Form S. Abbre Full Form

Que. 7 State sizes appropriate lettering and numbering for drawing.

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Que. 8 Draw different types of lines used in drawing.

S.No. Type of Line Symbol Necessity

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When space is insufficient to write

Que. 9 Explain different Types of scale.

Que. 10 What are the different types of scales used in drawing.

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Topic 2. PLANNING OF BUILDING (36 Marks)

Principles of planning of Residential and Public building- Aspect,

By planning we mean pre thinking and pre arranging things,

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Prospect can also be accomplished by providing projecting windows

3. Privacy: Privacy is one of the most important considerations in the

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or rooms in general. Each room or unit has to perform certain function or

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(ii) Ventilation: - It may be defined as a system of supplying of

(iii) Cleanliness: - It is the responsibility of the occupant to maintain

(iv) Sanitary Conveniences:- This includes the provision of bath-

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Que. 5 Explain Orientation of Building using Aspect & Prospect.

Que. 7 State different sizes of doors & windows.

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Rules and bye-laws of sanctioning authorities for construction:

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Que. 9 List the important bye laws.

Important rules and bye laws of sanctioning authorities for

Que. 9 State Plinth heights and Ceiling heights used in drawing.

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Que. 9 Define following terms:

Built up area: - It is the area covered by all floors of the building. It

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Que. 9 Explain in brief ‘Built-up Area’.

In an industrial area, the built-up areas are stated below.

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Line plans for public building: - School Building,

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Line plans for public building: - Primary Health Centre,

1) Entrance and waiting space: 1. Entrance and Waiting Space:

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