A MINOR PROJECT REPORT

ON

DENSITY BASED TRAFFIC SIGNAL SYSTEM USING

MICROCONTROLLER

Submitted to Department of Electronics And Communication Engineering

BY

AMISHI SINGH(1505231005)

ASHMITA BHARTI(1505231011)

SUSHMITA SINGH(1505231048)

In partial fulfilment of the requirements

For the degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

IN

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

LUCKNOW

An Autonomous Constituent Institute of Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical

University U.P.

Mr. Laxmikant Dwivedi Dr. Ram Chandra Singh Chauhan

PROJECT GUIDE PROJECT CO-ORDINATOR

 DECLARATION
We hereby declare that the work which is being presented in this report titled “Density based Traffic
Signal System Using Microcontroller” by us, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award
of Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech) Degree in “Electronics and Communication Engineering” at
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Institute of Engineering and
technology, is an authentic record of my own work carried out under supervision of Mr Laxmikant
Dwivedi .

Date : 02/January/2019 Amishi Singh Roll Number:1505231005

Ashmita Bharti Roll Number:1505231011

Sushmita Singh Roll Number:1505231048

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 CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the report titled “Density based traffic signal system using microcontroller”
submitted by us is partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Bachelor of Technology
(B.Tech) Degree in “Electronics and Communication Engineering” at Department of Electronics
and Communication Engineering, Institute of Engineering and Technology, is an authentic record
of work carried out by her under the supervision of Mr. Laxmikant dwivedi. The project has reached
the standards of full filling the requirement to award the degree.

Date: 02/January/2019 Mr. Laxmikant Dwivedi

(Project Guide)

Dr. Ram Chandra Singh Chauhan

(Project coordinator)

Dr. Subodh Wairya

(Head Of Department) (External Examiner)

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We are grateful to our Project Guide Mr. Laxmikant Dwivedi, Head of Department Dr. Subodh
Wairya and all the faculty members of Electronics Department for their guidance, inspiration and
constructive suggestions that helped us in the preparation of the report. We are very thankful to our
project coordinator Dr. Ram Chandra Singh Chauhan of Electronics Department for their
consistence help to complete the task on time.

The satisfaction that accompanies the successful completion of any task would be incomplete without
the mention of people whose ceaseless cooperation made it possible, whose constant guidance and
encouragement crown all efforts with success.

We also thank our colleagues who have helped in successful completion of the project report.

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 ABSTRACT
Now a days, controlling the traffic becomes major issue because of rapid increase in automobiles and
also because of large time delays between traffic lights. So, in order to rectify this problem, we will go
for density based traffic lights system. This article explains you how to control the traffic based on
density.

In this system, we will use IR sensors to measure the traffic density. We have to arrange one IR sensor
for each road; these sensors always sense the traffic on that particular road. All these sensors are
interfaced to the microcontroller. Based on these sensors, controller detects the traffic and controls the
traffic system.

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 TABLE OF CONTENT

Topic Page No
Declaration ii

Certificate iii

Acknowledgment iv

Abstract v

Contents vi

List of figures viii

Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 Introduction 1

Chapter 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2

2.1 Study of several research paper 2

2.2 Problem definition 3

2.3 Objective 3

Chapter 3: HARDWARE DESCRIPTION 4

3.1 Block diagram 4

3.2Components required 4

3.2.1 Atmega32 4

3.2.1.1 Features 5

3.3 IR sensor 8

3.3.1 Technical specification 8

3.4 Resistance 10

3.5 LED 10

Chapter 4: Software design and hardware results 12

4.1 Installing tools for c programming 12

4.2 Using an ICC AVR project 12

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4.3 Creating an ICC AVR project 12

4.4 Compiling C code to HEX file 14

4.5 Simulation process 16

4.6 Proteus simulation of circuit 16

4.7 PCB designing process 18

Conclusion 20

Future scope and applications 21

References 22

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Figure Caption Page no.
3.1 Block diagram of density based traffic system 4

3.2.1 Atmega 32 pin configuration 5

3.3 IR sensor 9

3.4 Resistances used 10

3.5 LED 11

4.3.1 The ICC AVR with project file open 13

4.4.1 Compiling code 14

4.4.2 Continued code 15

4.5 Output on proteus 17

4.7 Final layout of the project 19

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 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

A steady increase in metro-city population, the number of automobiles and cars increases rapidly and
metro traffic is growing crowded which leads to the traffic jam problem. Nowadays, controlling the
traffic becomes major issue because of rapid increase in automobiles and also because of large time
delays between traffic lights. So, in order to rectify this problem, we will go for density based traffic
lights system. This article explains you how to control the traffic based on density. In this system, we
will use IR sensors to measure the traffic density. We have to arrange one IR sensor for each road;
these sensors always sense the traffic on that particular road. All these sensors are interfaced to the
microcontroller. Based on these sensors, controller detects the traffic and controls the traffic system.

The main heart of this traffic system is microcontroller. IR sensors are connected to the PORT C
(PC0, PC2, PC4, and PC6) of the microcontroller and traffic lights are connected to PORT A and
PORT B. If there is traffic on road then that particular sensor output becomes logic 0 otherwise logic
1. By receiving these IR sensor outputs, we have to write the program to control the traffic system. If
you receive logic 0 from any of these sensors, we have to give the green signal to that particular path
and give red signal to all other paths. Here continuously we have to monitor the IR sensors to check
for the traffic. We have to place these IR pair in such a way that when we place an obstacle in front of
this IR pair, IR receiver should be able to receive the IR rays. When we give the power, the
transmitted IR rays hit the object and reflect back to the IR receiver. Instead of traffic lights, you can
use LEDs (RED, GREEN, YELLOW). In normal traffic system, you have to glow the LEDs on time
basis. If the traffic density is high on any particular path, then glows green LED of that particular path
and glows the red LEDs for remaining paths.

1
 CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 STUDY OF SEVERAL RESEARCH PAPERS

[1] K.Vidhya, A.Bazila Banu use the Density measurement by using open tool as software for image
processing by just displaying the various conversion of image in the screen and finally surrounding
the box on the vehicle in the given image, the number of vehicle is calculated. They can calculate the
density of the vehicle by using mat lab tool by comparing the four side of the image which is given as
a input. they can simulate the result of the four given input image but this cannot be used in real time
applications as it is very slow and the software is not free of cost like open to overcome this
disadvantage of mat lab, open software is used which is very easy to install and is open source
software and can be used in real time application in a quick manner. In this paper they have shown the
density measurement in the signal by using open in the System..

[2] G.Kavya, B.Saranya: Density Based Intelligent Traffic Signal System Using PIC
Microcontroller, the optimization of traffic light controller in a City using IR sensors and
microcontroller. By using this system configuration tried to reduce the possibilities of traffic jams,
caused by traffic lights, to an extent and successfully gets the results. No. of passing vehicle in the
fixed time slot on the road decide the density range of traffics and on the basis of vehicle count
microcontroller decide the traffic light delays for next recording interval. The recorded data can be
downloaded to the computer through communication between microcontroller and the computer.

[3] Sachin Jaiswal, Tushar Agarwal ,Akanksha Singh and Lakshita: The project is a replica of a
four way lane crossing of real time scenario. In the first part, concentrated on problems faced by
Ambulances, RFID concept is used to make the Ambulance’s lane Green and thus providing a
stoppage free way for the Ambulance. In the second part, concentrated on problems faced by Priority
vehicles, IR transmitter and receiver are used to make the vehicles’ lane Green and thus preventing
traffic congestion. In the third part, concentrated on Traffic density control, IR transmitter and
receiver are used to provide dynamic traffic control and thusincreasing the duration of the Green light
of the lane in which traffic density is high and hence, regulating traffic.

2.2 PROBLEM DEFINITION

The high volume of vehicles, the inadequate infrastructure and the irrational distribution of the
development are main reasons for increasing traffic jam. The major cause leading to traffic congestion
is the high number of vehicle which was caused by the population and the development of economy.

2
Traffic congestion is a condition on road networks that occurs as use increases, and is characterized
by slower speeds, longer trip times, and increased vehicular queuing. The most common example of
the physical use of roads by vehicles. When traffic demand is great enough that the interaction
between vehicles slows the speed of the traffic stream, these results in some congestion .As demand
approaches the capacity of a road (or of the intersections along the road), extreme traffic congestion
sets in. When vehicles are fully stopped for periods of time, this is colloquially known as a traffic jam
or traffic snarl-up. Traffic congestion can lead to drivers becoming frustrated and engaging in road
rage. In order to avoid the congestion in the traffic. In traffic environments, Traffic Sign
Recognition(TSR) is used to regulate traffic signs, warn the driver, and command or prohibit certain
actions. A fast real-time and robust automatic traffic sign detection and recognition can support and
disburden the driver, and thus, significantly increase driving safety and comfort. Generally, traffic
signs provide the driver various information for safe and efficient navigation Automatic recognition of
traffic signs is, therefore, important for automated intelligent driving vehicle or driver assistance
systems.

2.3 OBJECTIVE

During our literature survey we come across many journal papers in which traffic is control with the
help of microcontroller. In this manuscript, I am controlling traffic signal using microcontroller . It is
density based traffic signal system. Here I am utilizing the concept of IR sensor and control the
density of traffic. In this project with the help of command we control the microcontroller.

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 CHAPTER 3

HARDWARE DESCRIPTION

3.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM

Fig 3.1

4
 Fig 3.2

3.2 COMPONENTS REQUIRED

The components required for this project are:

3.2.1 ATMEGA 32A

The Atmel® ATmega32A is a low-power CMOS 8-bit microcontroller based on the AVR® enhanced
RISC architecture. By executing powerful instructions in a single clock cycle, the ATmega32A
achieves throughputs close to 1MIPS per MHz this empowers system designed to optimize the device
for power consumption versus processing
speed.

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VCC: Digital supply voltage.

GND: Ground.

Port A (PA7:PA0): Port A serves as the analog inputs to the A/D Converter. Port A also serves as an
8-bit bi-directional I/O port, if the A/D Converter is not used. Port pins can provide internal pull-up
resistors (selected for each bit). The Port A output buffers have symmetrical drive characteristics with
both high sink and source capability. When pins PA0 to PA7 are used as inputs and are externally
pulled low, they will source current if the internal pull-up resistors are activated. The Port A pins are
tristated when a reset condition becomes active, even if the clock is not running.

Port B (PB7:PB0): Port B is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-up resistors (selected
for each bit). The Port B output buffers have symmetrical drive characteristics with both high sink and
source capability. As inputs, Port B pins that are externally pulled low will source current if the pull-
up resistors are activated. The Port B pins are tristated when a reset conditionbecomes active, even if
the clock is not running. Port B also serves the functions of various special features of the
ATmega32A as listed in Alternate Functions of Port B.

Port C (PC7:PC0): Port C is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-up resistors (selected
for each bit). The Port C output buffers have symmetrical drive characteristics with both high sink and
source capability. As inputs, Port C pins that are externally pulled low will source current if the pull-
up resistors are activated. The Port C pins are tri-stated when a reset condition becomes active, even if
the clock is not running. If the JTAG interface is enabled, the pull-up resistors on pins PC5(TDI),
PC3(TMS) and PC2(TCK) will be activated even if a reset occurs. The TD0 pin is tristated unless
TAP states that shift out data are entered. Port C also serves the functions of the JTAG interface and
other special features of the ATmega32A as listed in Alternate Functions of Port C.

Port D (PD7:PD0): Port D is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-up resistors (selected
for each bit). The Port D output buffers have symmetrical drive characteristics with both high sink and
source capability. As inputs, Port D pins that are externally pulled low will source current if the pull-
up resistors are activated. The Port D pins are tristated when a reset condition becomes active, even if
the clock is not running. Port D also serves the functions of various special features of the
ATmega32A as listed in Alternate Functions of Port D.

RESET: Reset input. A low level on this pin for longer than the minimum pulse length will generate a
reset, even if the clock is not running. The minimum pulse length is given in System and Reset
Characteristics. Shorter pulses are not guaranteed to generate a reset. Related Links System and Reset
Characteristics on page 367

XTAL1 Input to the inverting Oscillator amplifier and input to the internal clock operating circuit.

XTAL2 Output from the inverting Oscillator amplifier.

AVCC AVCC is the supply voltage pin for Port A and the A/D Converter. It should be externally
connected to VCC, even if the ADC is not used. If the ADC is used, it should be connected to VCC
through a low-pass filter.

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AREF AREF is the analog reference pin for the A/D Converter

3.2.2 Features:

The features of the microcontroller Atmega32 are given as:

1. High-performance, Low-power Atmel AVR 8-bit Microcontroller

2. Advanced RISC Architecture

131 Powerful Instructions

Most Single-clock Cycle Execution

32 × 8 General Purpose Working Registers

Fully Static Operation

Up to 16 MIPS Throughput at 16MHz

On-chip 2-cycle Multiplier

3. High Endurance

Non-volatile Memory segments

32Kbytes of In-System

Self-programmable Flash program memory

1024Bytes EEPROM

2Kbytes Internal SRAM

Write/Erase Cycles: 10,000 Flash/100,000 EEPROM

Data retention: 20 years at 85°C/100 years at 25°C(1)

Optional Boot Code Section with Independent Lock Bits Programming Lock for Software Security
4. JTAG (IEEE std. 1149.1 Compliant) Interface

Boundary-scan Capabilities According to the JTAG Standard

Extensive On-chip Debug Support

Programming of Flash, EEPROM, Fuses

5. Peripheral Features

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Two 8-bit Timer/Counters with Separate Prescalers and Compare Modes

One 16-bit Timer/Counter

Real Time Counter with Separate Oscillator

Four PWM Channels 8-channel, 10-bit ADC

Programmable Serial USART Master/Slave SPI Serial Interface

Programmable Watchdog Timer with Separate On-chip Oscillator

On-chip Analog Comparator

6. Special Microcontroller Features

Power-on Reset and Programmable Brown-out Detection

Internal Calibrated RC Oscillator

External and Internal Interrupt Sources

7. I/O and Packages

32 Programmable I/O Lines

40-pin PDIP, 44-lead TQFP, and 44-pad QFN/MLF

8. Operating Voltages 2.7V - 5.5V for ATmega32L

4.5V - 5.5V for ATmega32

9. Speed Grades

0 - 8MHz for ATmega32L

0 - 16MHz for ATmega32

10. Power Consumption at 1MHz, 3V, 25°C

Active: 1.1mA – Idle Mode: 0.35mA Power-down Mode: < 1µA

3.3: IR Sensor

IR (INFRARED) sensor is based on LM 358 IC which is an Operational amplifier acting as

comparator. The comparator compares the analog voltages of potentiometer and the vol tage
generated by the photodiode. The two voltages are applied on the two terminals of the IC and
correspondingly it generates a digital output on the output pin that is indicated by a Red Led.The IR

8
sensor is compatible with various microcontroller boards like 8051, Arduino, pic etc. This shield is
based on the working of a circuit comprising op-amp, an IR led and photodiode the output
generate by the sensor is due the comparator action of the opamp (LM358). The Compares the two
voltages that is generated by the photodiode and the potentiometer. When the value of voltage
Vd generated by photodiode is greater than the voltage set on the potentiometer, the output is
HIGH and vice versa.

3.3.1 Technical Specifications:

2-12cm range

Potentiometer for maximum range setting.

Can be used to differentiate between black and white (Can be used for line sensing) .

Onboard LED indication for detection

Works on 5V input.

TTL compatible output .

9
LM358 IC (Integrated Circuit) that acts as a comparator/ ADC (Analog to Digital Converter) IC
which makes it digital sensor.

3.4 RESISTANCE

The electrical resistance of an electrical conductor is the opposition to the passage of an electric
current through that conductor. The inverse quantity is electrical conductance, the ease with which an
electric current passes. Electrical resistance shares some conceptual parallels with the notion of
mechanical friction. The SI unit of electrical resistance is the ohm (Ω), while electrical conductance
is measured in siemens (S). An object of uniform cross section has a resistance proportional to its
resistivity and length and inversely proportional to its cross-sectional area. All materials show some
resistance, except for superconductors, which have a resistance of zero.

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3.5 LED

A light-emitting diode (LED) is a two-lead semiconductor HYPERLINK light source. It is a

pnjunction HYPERLIN diode, which emits light when activated. When a suitable voltage is applied
to the leads, electrons are able to recombine with electron holes within the device, releasing energy
in the form of photons. This effect is called electroluminescence, and the color of the light
(corresponding to the energyof the photon) is determined by the energy band gap of the
semiconductor.

11
 CHAPTER 4

SOFTWARE DESIGN AND HARDWARE RESULT

4.1 INSTALLING TOOLS FOR C PROGRAMMING

To work with the Atmel AVR microcontroller using the C programming language, two tools are
required: AVR Studio and AVR.

1. AVR Studio is an integrated development environment that includes an editor, the assembler, HEX
file downloader and a microcontroller emulator.

2. ICC AVR is for a ICC-based compiler for AVR. It appears in AVR Studio as a plugin. ICC AVR
also includes a program called Programmer’s Notepad that can be used to edit and compile C
programs, independently of AVR Studio. Installing these tools is easy, just download and run the
setup files, and accept the default installation options. Remember to install AVR Studio first before
ICC-AVR.

3. It supports inline assembly and can interface with assembly modules.

4. It supports all AT90S and ATMega devices and AT94K FPSLIC. 5. Modern IDE with code
folding, workspace and project management, one click access to function definitions, etc.

4.2 USING AVR STUDIO FOR C PROGRAMMING

After creating a simple C program for the Atmel AVR you will be guided through four major stages:
1. Creating an AVR Studio project.

2. Compiling C code to HEX file

. 3. Debugging C program using the simulator.

4. Downloading HEX file to the proteus software and simulating it.

4.3 CREATING AN ICC AVR PROJECT

Perform the following steps to create a simple AVR project.

1. Start the ICC AVR program by selecting atmega 32 from application builder.

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 2. Select Project | New Project. In the dialog box that appears and specify the project name and
project location. If options ‘Create new file’, an empty C file and will be created for you. In this case,
we create a file called ‘led’.

Fig 4.3.1: Entering project type

4. In the ‘Select debug platform and device’ dialog that appears choose ‘AVR Simulator’ as the debug
platform and ‘ATMEGA32’ as the device.

Click button Finish.

Note: If you want to use other AVR chips such as ATMAGE8515, select it at this step. In this
tutorial, we will use ATMEGA32 for both software simulation and hardware testing.

5. A project file will be created and ICC AVR displays an empty file led.c. Enter the C code.

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 Fig 4.3.2:ICC AVR with project file open

4.4 COMPILING C CODE TO HEX FILE

1. Click menu Build | Rebuild All to compile the C code.

2. If there is no error message, a file called led.hex will be produced .This file contains the machine
code that is ready to be downloaded to the ATMEGA32 microcontroller. The file is stored in sub-
folder ‘\default’ of your project.

3. If there are error messages, check your C code. Most often, they are caused by some typos or
syntax errors.

4. And after checking this program, burn on burner kit so that hardware can work succesfully.

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5. While debugging the C program, you can change the contents of a register. For example, to
change Port A Input Pins register (PINA), click on the value column of PINA and enter a new value
This change takes effect immediately. Subsequently, the contents of PORTB will be 0x04 after
running the two C instruction.

6. To monitor a C variable, select the variable name in the code window and click menu.

7. Debug | Quick Watch. The variable will be added to a watch window.

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4.5 SIMULATION PROCESS

1. Proteus8.1 is best simulation software for various designs with microcontroller.

2. It is a handy tool to test programs and embedded designs for electronics hobbyist.

3. Basically PROTEUS is also simulating software but it helps you attach many components with the
8051. Like resistors, capacitors, LEDs, LCDs, keypads, ICs etc. and these are just few that I have
named in general. It has a complete library and you will find everything that you will ever need. You
can design your complete circuit and then simulate it to view the final output. This means that after
perfecting your project on the programming side in KEIL, you'll need to simulate it on PROTEUS to
determine the output of the hardware components and change it if need be. This will completely
ensure your project's success

4. Open the Proteus and then create a new project by clicking on new project button.

5. Now give a Name to our project and do not change anything, just follow the default options and
click Next until you see Finish button.

6. Draw the circuit diagram by clicking on Schematic Capture button and then add the components by

click P button followed by component button under device for picking components.

7. Choose your component by simply typing the name at Keyword box. After selecting item click
OK

and the selected components will listed under Devices.

8. Now draw the circuit diagram i.e make the connection.

9. Simulate the circuit by clicking on run button.

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 Fig 4.5 output when simulation starts on proteus

4.6 PROTEUS SIMULATION OF CIRCUIT

Using proteus software we have interfaced At mega 32A, LED and IR module.

4.7 PCB DESIGNING PROCES

It is used to mechanically support and electrically connect Electrical component using conductive
pathways, tracks or signal traces etched from copper sheets laminated onto a nonconductive substrate.
It is also referred to as printed wiring board (PWB) or etched wiring board. A PCB populated with
electronic components is a printed circuit assembly (PCA), also known as a printed circuit board
assembly (PCBA). Printed circuit boards are used in virtually all but the simplest commercially-
produced electronic devices. PCBs are inexpensive, and can be highly reliable. They require much
more layout effort and higher initial cost than either wire wrap or point-to-point construction, but are

17
much cheaper and faster for high volume production and soldering od PCBs can be done by totally
automated equipment. Much of the electronics industry’s PCB design, assembly, and quality control
needs are set by standards that are published by the IPC organization.

Development of the methods used in modern printed circuit boards started early in the 20th century.
In 1903, a German inventor, Albert Hanson, described flat foil conductors laminated to an insulating
board, in multiple layers. Thomas Edison experimented with chemical methods of plating conductors

onto linen paper in 1904 Arthur Berry in 1913 patented a print- and-etch method in Britain, and in the

United States Max Schoop obtained a patent to flamespray metal onto a board through a patterned
mask. Charles Durcase in 1927 patented a method of electroplating circuit patterns.

1. Boards should be clean, washing up liquid, cream cleaners etc the board should be scoured clean,
and rinsed thoroughly, water should form into droplets and roll off the board as a sign of cleanliness.

2. Thoroughly dry the board, wipe with clean drying cloth, warm air (hair dryer) and warm in an
oven if possible.

3. Draw your design onto the board, holding the board by the edges when working. Allow the ink of
the design to completely dry. Thickness of ink should not be a problem if allowed to dry fully.

4. With the types of board provided with the kits the solution of ferric chloride (PCB etchant) should
be suitable to be used as supplied.

5. Temperature of the etchant should be around room temperature, in the 21°C to 24°C preferable –
the warmer the etchant the faster the etching action.

6. Pour the etchant into the tray provided and carefully lay the copper board into the etchant. Plastic
gloves should be used throughout this part of the operation.

7. The tray should be held by the handles at each end and the etchant gently rocked to and fro across
the copper board to ensure an even etching process across the face of the board. Turning the board
over will also help to ensure an even process

8. To ensure the process is working correctly, gently rub a gloved finger over the board surface to
ascertain how well the process is progressing. You should begin to see the effects of the removal of
copper quite quickly at least within 4 to 5 minutes if not sooner.

9. With fresh etchant, depending on a number of variables such as ambient temperature, temperature
of the etchant, complexity of circuit design, cleanliness of the board. The time taken to etch the board
should be less than 10 minutes, probably around 6 to 7 minutes.

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19
 CONCLUSION
In this project, we have study density based traffic signal system using microcontroller. This project
is cost effective. Implementation of this project in present day will effectively solve the traffic
congestion which is a severe problem in many modern cities all over the world .Consider a scenario of
highly congested area where many vehicles such as personal transport, public transport and
emergency vehicles (Ambulance, Fire brigade, VIP cars and other rescue vehicles) have to wait for
long for the change of traffic signals at intersection points. This leads to the wastage of precious time
especially in case of rescue vehicles for emergency conditions It is possible to propose dynamic time-
based coordination schemes where the green signal time of the traffic lights is assigned based on the
present conditions of traffic. This is achieved by using IR sensors across the road to monitor the
length of vehicles blocking the road traffic. The signals from the IR receivers are fed to the
microcontroller to follow the program with the time as desired. With a slight modification this project
can be implemented in a nearby area.

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 FUTUTRE SCOPE

As the system takes care of few of the drawbacks of the existing system, there is scope for further
improvement and expansion of this work. The system can be expanded with smart traffic light control
and congestion avoidance system during emergencies emergency cars such as fire engines and
ambulances and have priority over other traffic. This system gives highest priority to emergency
vehicles to pass them. A development of an intelligent traffic signal control (ITSC) system needed
because present traffic light controllers are based on old microcontroller such as AT89C51 which has
very less internal memory and no in-built ADC. These systems have limitation because they will use
the predefined program that does not have the flexibility of modification on real time application. The
approach discussed in above is novel and has achieved the target to control traffic signal system
satisfying user needs and requirements. In this project in future i can add module for sensing whose
range is more than IR module. I will modify my coding for controlling the traffic signal according to
density.

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 REFERENCES

1. Zhang Yuye & Yan Weisheng, (2009) “Research of Traffic Signal Light Intelligent Control System
Based On Microcontroller”, First International Workshop on Education Technology and Computer
Science,pp301- 303. Y.Zhao and Z.Ye, “A Low Cost GSM/GPRS Based Wireless Home Security
System”, IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, Vol. 54, No. 2, pp.200-215, (2008).

2. Manoj Kanta Mainali & Shingo Mabu (2010) “Evolutionary Approach for the Traffic Volume
Estimation of Road Sections”, pp100- 105, IEEE.

3. Shilpa S. Chavan, Dr. R. S. Deshpande & J. G. Rana (2009) “Design of Intelligent Traffic Light
Controller Using Embedded System” Second International Conference on Emerging Trends in
Engineering and Technology, pp1086- 1091.

4. Xu Li, Wei Shu, Minglu Li, Hong-Yu Huang, Pei-En Luo, and Min-You Wu, “Performance
Evaluation of Vehicle-Based Mobile Sensor Networks for Traffic Monitoring” IEEE 2009 .

5. Manoj KantaMainali& Shingo Mabu (2010) “Evolutionary Approach for the Traffic Volume
Estimation of Road Sections”, pp100- 105, IEEE.

6. Ahmed S. Salama, Bahaa K. Saleh, Mohamad M. Eassa “Intelligent Cross Road Traffic
Management System”, (ICRTMS), 2010 2nd International Conference on Computer Technology and
Development (ICCTD 2010).

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