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Question 7:
Name the unit in which the calorific value
of a fuel is expressed.
Answer: = 40,000 kJ/kg
The calorific value of a fuel is expressed in Hence, the calorific value of the fuel is
kilojoules per kilogram (kJ/kg). 40,000 kJ/kg.
Question 8: Question 12:
Explain how CO2 is able to control fires. Can the process of rusting be called
Answer: combustion? Discuss.
CO2 is a non-combustible gas and Answer:
extinguishes fire in two ways: Combustion is a chemical process in which
(i) Since it is heavier than oxygen, it covers a substance reacts with oxygen and gives
the fire like a blanket and cuts off the out
contact energy during the process in the form of
between oxygen and fuel. either heat or light or both. Rusting of iron
(ii) In cylinders, CO2 is kept in the liquid is an
form. When released, it expands exothermic process as heat is released
enormously and during rusting. Hence, it is a kind of slow
cools down. This brings down the combustion.
temperature of the fuel, which helps in Question 13:
controlling the fire. Abida and Ramesh were doing an
Question 9: experiment in which water was to be
It is difficult to burn a heap of green leaves heated in a beaker.
but dry leaves catch fire easily. Explain. Abida kept the beaker near the wick in the
Answer: yellow part of the candle flame. Ramesh
Green leaves have a lot of moisture in kept the
them. This moisture does not allow them to beaker in the outermost part of the flame.
catch fire Whose water will get heated in a shorter
easily. However, dry leaves have no time?
moisture in them. Therefore, they catch fire Answer:
easily. The water in the Ramesh’s beaker will heat
Question 10: up in a shorter time. This is because the
Which zone of a flame does a goldsmith outermost zone of a flame is the hottest
use for melting gold and silver and why? zone, while the yellow zone (in which Abida
Answer: had
Goldsmiths use the outermost part/zone of kept the beaker) is less hot.
the flame to melt gold and silver. This is
because the outermost zone of the flame Notes for Combustion and
undergoes complete combustion and is the
hottest
Flame
part of the flame.
Question 11: Introduction
People generally use wood, cowdung cakes, crop
In an experiment 4.5 kg of a fuel was
residues, kerosene oil, coke or LPG gas to cook
completely burnt. The heat produced was
food. For ruining vehicles, we use petrol or diesel
measured oil. In
factories, we use coal or fuel oil or natural gas.
The materials, such as wood, coke, LPG (liquid of phosphorus is 35 °C. So, unless
petroleum gas), petrol, diesel, natural gas have phosphorus is heated to 35 °C, it will not catch
one property [n common, i.e., they produce heat re.
on burning
which is then put into different uses. Furthermore, Types of combustion
some materials on burning produce ame and Combustion is mainly of three types
some do not. For example, a candle or coal gas (1) Rapid combustion (2) Spontaneous
on burning combustion (3) Explosion
produces a ame, but not the coal or charcoal. 1. Rapid combustion: The combustion in which
So, let us study the chemical process of burning the gas burns rapidly and produces heat and light
and the types of ame produced during this is called rapid combustion.
process. For example: When a burning matchstick is
Combustion brought near a gas burner and the gas tap is
Some substances, like magnesium catches re opened, the gas immediately starts burning with
and burns with a dazzling white ame when the production
heated in air. Similarly, when a piece of per is of heat and light. Eg. Petrol, LPG, spirit, etc.,
brought near a 2. Spontaneous combustion: The combustion in
candle ame, it burns, producing heat and light. which no external heat is given is known as
The charcoal and coal bums in air producing spontaneous combustion.
carbon dioxide, heat and light. For example: Burning of white phosphorus in air.
Air or oxygen which helps in burning is called 3. Explosion: The combustion in which large
supporter of combustion and the chemical amount of gases are evolved with the production
reaction which takes place with the release of of a tremendous amount of neat; light and sound
heat and light energy is called explosion,
is called combustion.
A chemical process in which a substance reacts
with oxygen to give off heat is called combustion.
The substances which undergo combustion are
known as combustible substances. It may also be
called a fuel.
Sometimes, heat is accompanied by light, either
as a ame or as a glow, during combustion.
Fuel may be solid, liquid or gas. A combustion
reaction maybe written as-
(a) Charcoal burns in air to give carbon
dioxide and heat.