Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Prepared by:
NAIMI SYAHIRA MOHAMAD (A162722)
NUR MARSYA AMANI MOHD JAMIL (A162641)
NURAINI SHAPARIAH ABDUL RASHID (A162667)
INTRODUCTION
Intralingual Interlingual
Subtitling Subtitling
Same language Different languages
INTRALINGUAL SUBTITLING
Viewers
with hearing Young viewer Foreigners
problems
HOW ARE PROGRAMMES SUBTITLED?
DELETION RESIGNATION
STRATEGY EXPLANATION
used when the original text requires an explanation because of some cultural nuance
Expansion
not retrievable in the target language.
resorted to in cases where the phraseology of the original cannot be reconstructed in
Paraphrase
the same syntactic way in the target language.
Transfer refers to the strategy of translating the source text completely and accurately.
Imitation maintains the same forms, typically with names of people and places.
used in those cases where a term is unusual even in the source text, for example, the
Transcription
use of a third language or nonsense language.
adopted when the original employs some sort of special effect, e.g., a silly song in a
Dislocation
cartoon film where the translation of the effect is more important than the content.
the typical strategy used, that is, the shortening of the text in the least obtrusive way
Condensation
possible.
an extreme form of condensation where perhaps for reasons of discourse speed, even
Decimation
potentially important elements are omitted.
Deletion refers to the total elimination of parts of a text.
describes the strategy adopted when no translation solution can be found and meaning
Resignation
is inevitably lost.
SOCIO-CULTURAL
ASPECTS
Information Learning
Processing Aesthetics Effects
PROS
INFORMATION
PROCESSING
Conciseness
Equal informational value as the original
spoken texts
Redundancy
Lies in the fact that the same information is
offered twice (d'Ydewalle and Gielen, 1992)
Viewers are provided with strong overlapping
information consisting of sound and text
Efficiency
Reading is usually faster than listening
(d'Ydewalle er al., 1991)
Viewers have the opportunity to read ahead and
back as long as the subtitle is available on the
screen
CONS
INFORMATION
PROCESSING
Condensation
Subtitlers will adapt the original spoken texts
without leaving out information that is essential
for the viewer's understanding
Limited view
Subtitles are thought to impede information
processing because they reduce the visible
area of the original picture (Van Driel, 1983)
Mental effort
Reading takes up so much energy that French
cinema audiences leave the theatre in a worn-out
state after they have watched a subtittle movie
(Marleau, 1982)
Viewer is not only busy watching and listening but
also reading, it is sometimes assumed that watching
a subtitled television programme takes more mental
effort
PROS
AESTHETICS
Authenticity
A subtitled programme is more real and closely
resembles the original programme because
actors and presenters are heard with their own
voices (Luyken et al. 1991)
CONS
AESTHETICS