Presentation on

Introduction to Research

Md. Roufuzzam Romel

M.Phil. Researcher
Instructor, IT
Bangladesh Korea Technical Training Centre, Dhaka
E-mail: romel.dh@gmail.com, Mobile: 01718565469
Definition of Research
• The systematic investigation and study of materials and
sources in order to establish facts and reach new conclusion.
• The definition of research include any gathering of data,
information and facts for the advancement of knowledge.
• To increase stock of knowledge.

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Definition of Research
• The Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English lays
down the meaning of research as “a careful investigation
or inquiry specially through search for new facts in any
branch of knowledge.”
• Redman and Mory define research as a “systematized
effort to gain new knowledge.”

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Full Meaning of Research
• R = Rational way of thinking
• E = Expert and exhaustive treatment
• S = Search for solution
• E = Exactness
• A = Analytical analysis of adequate data
• R = Relationship of facts
• C = Careful recording / Critical observation/Constructive
attitude/Condensed and compactly stated generalization
• H = Honesty and Hardwork
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Full Meaning of Researcher
• R = Research Oriented
• E = Efficient
• S = Scientific
• E = Effective
• A = Active
• R = Resourceful
• C = Creative
• H = Honest
• E = Economic
• R = Religious
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Objective of Research
• To gain familiarity with phenomena and achieve new inside into it.
• To portray accurately the characteristics of a particular individual
situation or group.
• To determine the frequency with which something occurs.
• To discover the truth and fact.
• To test a hypothesis of a causal relationship between
variables

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 Motivation in Research
• Desire to get a research degree along with its consequential
benefits
• Desire to face the challenge in solving the unsolved problems,
i.e., concern over practical problems initiates research.
• Desire to get intellectual joy of doing some creative work.
• Desire to be of service to society
• Desire to get respectability

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Characteristic of Research/
Qualities of Good Research

Empirical Logical Critical

Systematic Cyclical Reliability

Controlled Analytical Validity

Accuracy
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Criteria of Good Research

• The purpose of the research should be clearly defined

and common concepts be used.
• The research procedure used should be described in
sufficient detail to permit another researcher to repeat
the research for further advancement, keeping the
continuity of what has already been attained.
• The procedural design of the research should be carefully
planned to yield results that are as objective as possible.

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Criteria of Good Research (Cont.)
• The researcher should report with complete frankness, flaws in
procedural design and estimate their effects upon the findings.
• The analysis of data should be sufficiently adequate to reveal its
significance and the methods of analysis used should be appropriate.
The validity and reliability of the data should be checked carefully.
• Conclusions should be confined to those justified by the data of the
research and limited to those for which the data provide an adequate
basis.
• Greater confidence in research is warranted if the researcher is
experienced, has a good reputation in research and is a person of
integrity.
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Types of Research
Types of Research can be described by three viewport.
From the viewport of……
1. Application
2. Objective
3. Enquiry Mode

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Types of Research
From the viewport of application
1. Pure/Basic/Fundamental Research
2. Applied Research

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Types of Research
From the viewport of Objective
1. Descriptive Research
2. Exploratory Research
3. Explanatory Research
4. Correlational Research

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Types of Research
From the viewport of Enquiry mode
1. Qualitative Research
2. Quantitative Research

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Types of Research
Others Types:
1. Conceptual Research
2. Empirical Research
3. Ethnographic Research
4. Experimental Research
5. Grounded Theory Research
6. Historical Research
7. Phenomenological Research
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Classification of Research
1. Library Research
2. Field Research
3. Laboratory Research

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Research Process
-Eight-step model for carrying out research
PHASE I: DECIDING WHAT TO RESEARCH
Step I Formulating a research problem
PHASE II: PLANNING A RESEARCH STUDY
Step II- Conceptualising a research design
Step III- Constructing an instrument for data collection
Step IV- Selecting a sample
Step V- Writing a research proposal
PHASE III: CONDUCTING A RESEARCH STUDY
Step VI- Collecting data
Step VII- Processing and displaying data
Step VIII- Writing a research report
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Research Design
• A research design is the arrangement of conditions for collection and
analysis of data in a manner that aims to combine relevance to the
research purpose with economy in procedure.
• The research design is the conceptual structure within which
research is conducted; it constitutes the blueprint for the collection,
measurement and analysis of data. As such the design includes an
outline of what the researcher will do from writing the hypothesis
and its operational implications to the final analysis of data.

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Research Design
1. Action Research Design (Educational)
2. Case-study (Depth study to narrow)
3. Causal Design (Relationship between cause &
effect)
4. Cohort Design (Medical Research-Group of People)

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Research Design (cont.)
5. Cross sectional Design (Medical Research)
6. Descriptive Design (Co-relational, causal case study)
7. Experimental Design (Most used)
8. Exploratory Design (Most used)

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Research Design (cont.)
9. Historical Design (History Related)
10. Longitudinal Design
11. Meta Analysis Design (Statistical Analysis)
12. Observational Design (Look & Observe)

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Md Roufuzzaman Romel
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