EARTHING DESIGN CALCULATION 'G'- BF TRT ELECTRICAL BUILDING

'G' - BLAST FURNACE TOP PRESSURE RECOVERY TURBINE

TATA STEEL, JAMSHEDPUR, JHARKHAND

A. INTRODUCTION
This Design Document describes the design and requirement of the grounding system for 'G'-BF TRT
Building. The Design calculates the size of the grounding conductor and combined grid resistance.

B. CODES AND STANDARDS / DOCUMENTS

IEEE Standard - 80 : 1986 - Guide for Safety in AC Substation Grounding.
IS - 3043 : Code of Practice for Earthing.
C. INDEX FOR DESIGN PARAMETERS (LEGENDS)
3Io Symmetrical Fault current in Substation for conductor sizing A
IG Maximum Grid current that flows between ground grid and surrounding earth. A
ρ Soil resistivity ohm-m.
ρs Surface layer resistivity ohm-m.
hs Surface layer thickness. m
Cp Current projection factor for future system growth.
Cs Surface layer resistivity derating factor
tc Duration of fault current for sizing ground conductor. sec.
tf Duration of fault current for determining decrement factor sec.
ts Duration of shock for determining allowable body current sec.
h Depth of ground grid conductor m
d Diameter of grid conductor m
As Total area enclosed by ground grid m2
L Total length of grounding system conductor including grid and ground rod m
Rg Resistance of grounding system ohm.

D INPUT DATA
ρ Soil Resistivity ohm-m 60.00
ρ s Surface resistivity of gravel ohm-m
h Depth of burial m 0.6
hs Depth of gravel fill m
ta o
Maximum ambient temperature C 50
3Io Symmetrical Fault current in Substation for conductor sizing Amp. 40000
tc Duration of Fault Current for sizing of grid conductor sec. 1.0
ts Duration of Shock for determining allowable body current sec. 0.5
Ls Length of the Area m
Lb Breadth of the area m
As Area to be covered m2
Average soil resistivity is taken as 60.00 ohm-M.

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 E CONDUCTOR SIZING.
This section verifies the adequacy of the size of conductor for earth mat.

As per IEEE-80, equation - 30, the cross section for the earthing conductor is given by :

A = I / [ (TCAP * 10 -4 ) / (tc*ρ r*αr) * ln {(Ko + Tm)/(Ko + Ta)}]1/2

where :

A Area of conductor mm 2

I maximum Current Amp. 40000

Ground conductor material Steel

SH Specific Heat cal/gm/oC 0.114

SW Specific Weight gm/cc. 7.86

TCAP Thermal Capacity Factor = 4.184 *SH * SW 3.74903

tc Fault duration sec. 1.0

ρ r Resistivity of ground conductor at reference temperature µohm-cm 15

αr Thermal Co-efficient 1 / οC 0.00423

Ko Material Constant = (1/α r) - 20 216.4066194

Type of Joints Welded

Tm o
Maximum allowable temperature C 620

Ta o
Maximum ambient temperature C 50
Substituting the data :
A = 12.16I mm 2 486.50
ALLOWANCE FOR CORROSION
To take care of the corrosion of the earth grid the size of the earth grid conductor shall be suitably
increased.
As per CBIP-223, allowance for conductor sizing: 1.15

Hence, Area of the earth conductor 559.48

Shape of the conductor (FLAT or ROUND) FLAT

Calculated Diameter of the ROUND ROD N.A

Width of the FLAT required 65

Thickness of the FLAT required 10

Equivalent Diameter of the conductor required mm. N.A

Dia. of the grid conductor proposed m. N.A

Size of the grid conductor proposed is 75mm x 10mm GS flat

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 F RESISTANCE OF BURIED STRIP

Resistance is given by the formula:

R1 = (100ρ / (2 x π x l) ) x loge ((2 x l²) / (w x t))
Where,
ρ = Avg. Resistivity of the soil ohm.M 60.00
l = Length of Buried earth strip - Tr. Rm+TRT Rm+Gen Rm = (35+26+45) cm. 106.00
w = Depth of Burial cm. 60
t = Width of earth strip cm. 7.50
R1 = ohm 35.23
G (a) RESISTANCE OF EACH 3.5M LONG PIPE ELECTRODE
Resistance is given by the formula:
R2 = (100ρ / (2 x π x l) ) x loge ((4 x l) / d)
Where,
ρ = Avg. Resistivity of the soil ohm.M 60.00
l = Length of pipe electrode cm. 350
d = Diameter of pipe electrode cm. 4
R2a = ohm 15.98

G (b) RESISTANCE OF EACH 25M LONG DEEP BORE PIPE EARTH ELECTRODE
Resistance is given by the formula:
R2 = (100ρ / (2 x π x l) ) x loge ((4 x l) / d)
Where,
ρ = Avg. Resistivity of the soil ohm.M 60.00
l = Length of pipe electrode cm. 2500
d = Diameter of pipe electrode cm. 15
R2b = ohm 2.48

H CALCULATION FOR EARTH ELECTRODE RESISTANCE (3.5M & 25M LONG)

Electrodes considered in parallel Nos. 7
3.5M long 40mm dia pipe electrode Nos. 5
25M long 150mm dia deep bore pipe electrode Nos. 2
R3 = [(R2a/5xR2b/2)/(R2a/5+R2b/2)] ohm 0.893
I COMBINED GRID RESISTANCE
Effective resistance Rg = (R1 x R3) / (R1 + R3) ohm 0.871

J DESIGN SUMMARY
ρ Soil Resistivity ohm-m. 60.00
ρs Surface Resistivity ohm-m.
Ig Max Fault Current Amp. 40000
tc Max Fault Clearing Time for Conductor sizing sec. 1.0
ts Max. shock duration for determining allowable body current sec. 0.5
As Area under the mat m2
h Depth of Burial m 0.6
D Mesh Spacing m.
Type of ground conductor selected FLAT
2
Size of conductor mm 75mmx10mm
Lf Length of buried grid conductor m. 106.00
Rg Combined resistance of the grid ohm. 0.871

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