FLUID MECHANICS AND HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES (32 hrs)

The main objective of this course is to understand the fundamentals of the fluid mechanics
such as fluid and flow properties, fluid behavior at rest and in motion and fundamental
equations like mass, energy and momentum conservation of the fluid flow. Applications of
these basic equations have been highlighted for flow measurements through orifice, mouth
piece, weirs, venturi meter, sluice gates etc. and this course covers the advanced topics of
hydraulic structures and their detailed design
1. Fluid mechanics (2 hr)
o Introduction to fluid mechanics
o Thermodynamic properties
o Introduction of Viscosity
o integral balances for a control volume mass, energy and momentum balances.

2. Properties of fluid (1 hrs)

o Fluid
o Properties of fluid

3. Fluid statics (3 hrs)

o Buoyancy, metacenter and metacentric height
o Pressure distribution in a static fluid
o Hydrostatic forces on plane surfaces
o Condition of floatation and stability of submerged and floating bodies

4. Pressure and its measurement (1 hrs)

o Pressure
o Pressure measurement

5. Kinematics of Flow (2 hrs)

o Fluid kinematics
o Flow visualization
o Flow patterns

6. Fluid Dynamics ( 2hrs )

o Dynamics of fluid flow
o Applications of Bernoulli’s equation
o Venturi meter, orifice meter and nozzle, siphon flow rate measurement

7. Laminar Flow and Turbulent Flow (2 hrs)

o Flow in pipes
o Laminar and turbulent flow

8. General equation for head loss -Darcy equation (2hrs)

 o General equation for head loss-Darcy equation
o Empirical equations for friction head loss

9. Major and minor hydraulic losses through pipes and fitting (2hrs)
o Losses in pipe flow
o Viscous flows in pipes

10. Introduction to classification of reservoir (3 hrs)

o Introduction
o classification of reservoir

11. Gravity Dams (4 hrs)

o Introduction
o Forces on a gravity dam, stress analysis in gravity dams,
o Combination of forces for design.
o Elementary and practical profiles of a gravity dam
o Stability analysis (without earthquake forces)
o Galleries in gravity dams

12. Earthen Dams ( 5 hrs)

o Introduction,
o Types of earth dams
o Construction methods
o Design criteria for earth dams
o Causes of failure of earth dams
o Section of dam, preliminary design criteria
o Control of seepage through earth dams, safety measures

13. Canal Structures (3 hrs)

o Falls
o Regulators
o Cross Drainage Works
o Outlet