1.What is programming?

Programming is the process of taking an algorithm and coding it into a

notation, a programming language, so that it can be executed by a computer.

2. Differentiate between high -level languages and low level languages.

High- level languages are programming languages that use the same words and
symbols that are used by humans while Low-level languages, such as Machine
–level language or Assembly language, are programming languages that use
words and symbols that are close to the language the computer understands.

3. List the Five (5) levels or generations of programming languages

1. First generation or Machine –level language

2. Second generation or Assembly-level language

3. Third generation or High-level language

4. Fourth generation language

5. Fifth generation languages

4.For each level of programming language.

I). State the functions/users

First generation or Machine-level language

It provides a set of instructions and data that a computer’s central processing
unit can execute directly.

Second generation or Assembly-level language

This is used to control specific computer operations. An assembly language
programmer writes instructions using symbolic instruction codes that are
meaningful abbreviations or mnemonics. An assembler is a program that
translates assembly language into machine language.
Third generation or High-level language
This uses a series of English –like words, that are closer to human language, to
write instructions.

Fourth generation language

This enables users to access data in a database. Visual Programming: This
provides a visual or graphical interface, called a visual programming
environment, for creating source codes.

Fifth generation language

Its provides program in visual basic. It also solves the computer problems.

ii). Identify different examples.

First generation or Machine-level language

In these languages, instructions are written using binary (0s and 1s), for
example 10110011110011011. These are the only languages understood by
computers.

Second generation or Assembly-level language

In assembly language, instructions are written using mnemonies or
abbreviatiombfg hjhjhj rgj guhihv

Third generation or High-level language

Fourth generation language

Fifth generation language

iii). Outline their disadvantages and advantages.

First generation or Machine-level language

Advantages

1. Able to be executed very fast by the computer, as there is no need for

translation.

Disadvantages
1. Difficult to read, write and understand by humans as the programs
involve only 0s and 1s.
2. Machine dependent, so unable to be used on another machine.
3. Difficult to modify or correct mistakes.
Second generation or Assembly-level language

Advantages

1.easier to read, write and understand than Machine-level language.

2. easier to modify or correct mistakes than Machine-level language.

Disadvantages
1. Slower in execution than Machine-level language.
2. Still machine dependent.

Third generation or High-level language

Advantages

1. Easier to read, write and understand than Machine-level language and

ALL.
2. Easier to modify or correct mistakes than Machine-level language and
ALL.
3. Machine independent.

Disadvantages
1. Slower in execution than Machine-level language and ALL.
Fourth generation language

Advantages

1.Program development is faster.

2.Program maintenance are easier

3.End user can often develop his/her own applications.

Disadvantages

The programs developed in the 4GL s are executed at a slower speed by the
CPU. Another disadvantage is that the programs in these programming
languages need more space in the memory of the computer system.

Fifth generation language

Advantages

1.It is fairly easy to learn, easy to programme. Since it is visual language. 2. Also
you can quickly create a nice looking GUI

Disadvantages

- It is written by Microsoft, so programs written in visual basic cannot, easily,

be transferred to other operating systems.
5.Create a programming dictionary

Programme Dictionary
Artificial Intelligence: The theory and development of computer systems
able to perform tasks normally requiring human intelligence, such as
visual perception, speech recognition, decision-making, translation
between languages.

Assembler: A program for converting instructions written in low-level

symbolic code into machine code.

Character: A Character is considered to be anything that you can key in

from a keyboard.

Compiler: Compilers are translators that convert high-level language

instructions to machine language by taking all instructions together to
form a single file that can run on its own.

Compiling: Compiling is a process of converting source code into object

code by taking instructions as a whole.

Constant: A constant identifies a memory location where a fixed item of

data is stored:

Data Type: A data types indicate the type of data that is stored in a
variable, e.g. numbers or characters.

Debugging: The process of looking for errors, locating them and

correcting them.

Dry run: The process of manually going through the program looking for
errors.
Executable program: A program that is ready to run by a computer
system.

Execute: The process of running a program to see the results.

Integers: These are referred to as whole number or real numbers

without decimal place e.g. 100,

Interpreter: Interpreters are translators that convert high-level language

by taking one instruction at a time. They do not produce files that can
run independently.

Linking: This is the process of combining together individual object code

files to form a single executable program.

Logic error: When a program does not produce the required results due
to the incorrect logic of the program.

Machine dependent program: A program that runs only on a particular

type of computer system.

Object code: The process when compiling turns source code into
machine language instructions.

Program Maintenance: This is the process of making any modifications

that may need to be made to a developed program to make it suitable
for a particular situation.

Run time error: This occurs when the program has to terminate before
its completion.

Source code: This a program in a form understandable to humans,

written in Assembly-level language or High-level language.

String:
Syntax: These are the rules and regulations of programming language,
much like a grammar system.

Syntax error: These are errors reported by translators when the rules of
a particular programming language are not correctly followed.

Test data: These are values used in a program to determine if it

produces the required results.

Variable: Identifies a memory location in which an item of data can be

stored. The value of the data can be changed.

Variable name:
 My project on Programming Language

Name: Ashley Williamson

Subject: Information Technology

Class: 11 Science

Date: November 16, 2016

Reference
Heinemann Information Technology for CSEC – K Mary Reid

Deepak Dinesen

Rayman Khan
TABLE OF CONTENT
INTRODUCTION

WHAT IS PROGRAMMING?

DEFFERENCIATE BETWEEN HIGH AND LOW –LEVEL

FUNCTIONS OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE

EXAMPLES OF DIFFERENT PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE