5/25/2019 Complex

Engineering
Problem FM-2
Submitted to: Sir. Jawad Sarwar

Submitted by Rao Maaz Ahmed

ROLL NO: 2017-ME-35
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Complex Engineering Problem of FM-2

Part-1
Relation of Reynold’s number with the friction factor
1. Reynold’s number:
If we divide inertial forces by the viscous forces, then we get a constant named as Reynold’s
number.
𝜌𝑣𝑎𝑣𝑔 𝐷
𝑅𝑒 =
𝜇

2. Friction factor:
8𝜏𝑤
𝑓=
𝜌𝑣 2 𝑎𝑣𝑔

This f is also known as the Darcy Friction factor.

3. Relationship of Reynold’s number with friction factor:

Reynold’s number is ratio and gives us a constant it gives us the information about the type
of flow of the fluid. There are three types of fluids and their Reynold’s number are as
follows:

 Laminar flow (Re<2300)

 Transitional flow(2300<Re>4000)
 Turbulent flow (Re>2300)
In Laminar flow as fluid is moving at a very low because there is no or very low hindrance it
can only happen when the fluid is moving in a smooth way and there are is no any
turbulence in the flow. When the flow is laminar i.e. its Reynold’s number is less than 2300
and flow is slow it clearly shows that the Frictional effect is significant between the
boundary layer of the fluid and the walls of the pipe.
In Turbulent flow there is a hindrance is significant and the flow is taking place at a very
high speed. In turbulent flow, Reynold’s number is greater than 4000. This shows that the
frictional factor between the boundary layer of the fluid and the walls are negligible. When
the fluid is moving at a high speed, we can say that flow is turbulent because of high
hindrance and high velocity and low frictional factor.

4. References:
i. https://www.google.com/search?q=relationship+of+mass+flow+rate+and+head+loss
+in+series+and+parallel&rlz=1C1CHBD_enPK841PK841&oq=relationship+of+mass+fl
ow+rate+and+head+loss++in+series+and+parallel&aqs=chrome..69i57.20787j0j7&so
urceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8

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ii. https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Relationship-between-friction-factor-and-
Reynolds-number_fig2_266466497
iii. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0009250910001338

Moody chart task:

Methodology:
 First, we must install the plot digitizer in our computers.
 After, that choose a Moody’s chart and insert it in the software and give it the range
of the x and some maximum and minimum values.
∈
 Now add a curve of 𝐷 of any random value like I choose to be 0.000075 and give it
time to analyze it will analyze and give you a table like this:

Now, I will solve my results on the excel graph or origin pro to get an overview like I choose
origin pro it will give a graph to me like this:

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f
0.050

0.045

0.040

0.035

0.030
f

0.025

0.020

0.015

0.00E+000 2.00E+007 4.00E+007 6.00E+007 8.00E+007 1.00E+008

Re

Fig.1 Reynold’s number vs friction factor

10000000

9000000

8000000

7000000
f

6000000

5000000

4000000

3000000
0.018 0.020 0.022 0.024 0.026 0.028 0.030 0.032 0.034 0.036
Re

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Complex Engineering Problem of FM-2

Part 2
Relationship of mass flow rate and head losses in pipes in
series and parallel.
1. Mass flow rate:
Mass flow rate can be defined as the mass passing through a certain substance in unit time.

2. Head loss:
Head loss can be defined as any type of major loss or pressure drop due to like friction or
any other factor.

3. Pipes in series:
When the pipes are connected in such a way that their arrangement is ended to end which
means the end of the first pipe is connected to the start of the second pipe. Total energy to
pressure drop is equal to the sum of drop across each pipe and connections.

4. Pipes in parallel:
When two pipes are arranged in such a way that first the flow will separate and then again
join then this is known as pipes in parallel.

5. Relation of head and mass flow in series:

For series pipe connection pressure drop is the sum of all individual losses:
dp=dp1+dp2+…+dpn
where do is total pressure
dpn is the individual pressure drop.
When the flow is passing through the series connection mass flow rate remains the same
regardless of the cross section

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6. Relation of mass flow and head in parallel:

While dealing with the parallel connection mass flow rate keeps on changing due to the
change in the cross-section. But the pressure drop remains the same as the individual drop
across each pipe.
dm=dm1+dm2+…+dmn
where dm is the total mass flow rate, dmn is the mass flow rate across each individual pipe.
dp=dp1=dp2=…=dpn

7. References:
i. https://www.google.com/search?rlz=1C1CHBD_enPK841PK841&ei=8BXoXJ-
PIomVkwXz7a8Y&q=pipes+in+parallel&oq=pipes+in+para%3B&gs_l=psy-
ab.1.0.0i22i30l10.267392.270830..271810...2.0..0.409.4763.3-12j1......0....1..gws-
wiz.......0i71j35i39j0i67j0j0i20i263j0i13j0i13i30.B6XQQyBdKG8
ii. https://www.google.com/search?rlz=1C1CHBD_enPK841PK841&ei=SRfoXPL7CZGuk
wWE5IAI&q=pipes+in+parallel+and+series&oq=pips+in+parallel+&gs_l=psy-
ab.1.0.0i13l5j0i13i30l5.6412.6412..9519...0.0..0.357.357.3-1......0....1..gws-
wiz.......0i71.6gj_lWTeOEA
iii. http://abe-research.illinois.edu/faculty/dickc/Engineering/pipeseriesa.htm

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Complex Engineering Problem of FM-2

Part 3
EES solution
1. Problem statement:

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3. Results:
After this I gave the command of calculating the values to the software and got my problem
solved:

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