UNIT- 5

MECHATRONICS SYSTEM DESIGN

AND APPLICATION
Mechatronics in Engineering Design,
Traditional and mechatronics design, Car park
barriers using PLC, Pick and Place robots and
Bar code reader, Wind screen wiper using
stepper motor control, Car Engine
management systems, Case studies for Coin
counters, Robot walking machine, Boiler
control using PID.
 Design Process
1. The need
2. Analysis of the problem
3. Preparation of a specification
4. Generation of possible solutions
5. Selections of a suitable solution
6. Production of a detailed design
7. Production of working drawings
 Traditional and mechatronics design

Basis of the mechatronics approach is considered to

lie in the inclusion of the disciplines of electronics,
computer technology and control engineering.

Microprocessors are increasingly finding a use in

home appliances, cars, factory, machines, etc., as an
embedded controller.

Virtually every mechanical design can consider a

microprocessor subsystem as a possible solution.
Car Engine Management system
Pick and Place Robot
Car Parking Barrier
Car Parking Barrier – PLC
Car Parking Barrier – PLC
The advantage of 2-D codes is their capacity to store
much greater amounts of data at higher area densities.
Procedure for check code digit:
In linear width-modulated bar code technology, the symbol consists of a
sequence of wide and narrow colored bars separated by wide and narrow spaces
(the colored bars are usually black and the spaces are white for high contrast).

The pattern of bars and spaces is coded to represent numeric or alphanumeric

characters.

Bar code readers interpret the code by scanning and decoding the sequence of
bars

The reader consists of the scanner and decoder.

The scanner emits a beam of light that is swept past the bar code (either
manually or automatically) and senses light reflections to distinguish between the
bars and spaces.

The light reflections are sensed by a photodetector, which converts the spaces
into an electrical signal and the bars into absence of an electrical signal.

The width of the bars and spaces is indicated by the duration of the
corresponding signals.
There are currently four different types of barcode scanners
available.

Each uses a slightly different technology for reading and

decoding a barcode.

There are pen type readers (i.e. barcode wands), laser

scanners, CCD readers and camera based readers
Pen Type Readers

Pen type readers consist of a light source and a photo diode that are placed
next to each other in the tip of a pen or wand.

To read a barcode, you drag the tip of the pen across all the bars in a steady
even motion.

The photo diode measures the intensity of the light reflected back from the
light source and generates a waveform that is used to measure the widths of the
bars and spaces in the barcode.

Dark bars in the barcode absorb light and white spaces reflect light so that the
voltage waveform generated by the photo diode is an exact duplicate of the bar
and space pattern in the barcode.
Laser Scanners

Laser scanners work the same way as pen type readers except that they use a
laser beam as the light source and typically employ either a reciprocating mirror or
a rotating prism to scan the laser beam back and forth across the barcode

CCD Readers

CCD (Charge Coupled Device) readers use an array of hundreds of tiny light
sensors lined up in a row in the head of the reader.

Each sensor can be thought of as a single photo diode that measures the intensity of
the light immediately in front of it.

Each individual light sensor in the CCD reader is extremely small and because there
are hundreds of sensors lined up in a row, a voltage pattern identical to the pattern in
a barcode is generated in the reader by sequentially measuring the voltages across
each sensor in the row.

The important difference between a CCD reader and a pen or laser scanner is that
the CCD reader is measuring emitted ambient light from the barcode whereas pen or
laser scanners are measuring reflected light of a specific frequency originating from
the scanner itself.
Camera Based Readers

The fourth and newest type of barcode reader currently

available are camera based readers that use a small video
camera to capture an image of a barcode.

The reader then uses sophisticated digital image processing

techniques to decode the barcode.

Video cameras use the same CCD technology as in a CCD

barcode reader except that instead of having a single row of
sensors, a video camera has hundreds of rows of sensors
arranged in a two dimensional array so that they can generate
an image.
Wind Screen Wiper
A
Coin counter
Coin counter
Coin counter
Robot walking machine
Robot walking machine
Robot walking machine
Robot walking machine
Robot walking machine
 Surprise Test
SET - A 1 x 10 = 10 Mark

(1) Sketch the basic architecture of a PLC and explain the function of each element.
.
SET - B

(1)Explain how a PLC can be used to handle an analog input.

SET - C
(1)

SET - D

(1) what are the roles of counters, data storage and timers in a PLC system?