COURSE WORK ON FIRE SAFETY, EXPLOSION AND

PROCESS SAFETY

NAME: Asas Arif

HWU ID: H00220429

INDEX
S.NO TOPIC Page no.
PART 1 LEVEL I 2-5
1 Introduction 1
2 Site safety Plan 2-3
3 Safety requirements 3-4
4 Contingency Plans 4-5
PART 2 LEVEL II 6-13
1 Toolbox meetings 7
2 Detail of hazards 7-8
3 Canopy and hot jobs checklist 9-10
4 General rules 11-12
5 Fire fighting equipment (extinguisher) 12
6 Emergency procedure 12-13
PART 3 LEVEL III 14-18
1 Detectors 14-15
2 Suppression Systems 15-17
3 Safety Bypass Procedure 17
4 Housekeeping 5S 17-18
INTRODUCTION

This project is based on the construction of conference centre with considering all the safety features
implementation with zero injuries with the objective in mind“ Zero makes you Hero”. The construction
of a conference centre build in such a way that can prevent and protect a fire by building layer of
protection from fire and incident. As we know that ,There is a lot of man-power will work in site for the
construction of conference centre with the different frame of mind and psyche .To lie on the same
platform we have to make site safety plan for all personnel who work on site to prevent from
incident.The purpose of preparing site safety plan is to protect personnel,the general public ,the
environment and property.After building of main structure of the building active and passive fire
prevention should be implement by setting up the modern safety standard to prevent property and
personnel.The following safety set of mind in every personnel that is

1.Personnel safety

2.Euipment /Building safety

3.Environment Safety

SITE SAFETY PLAN

Project Overview

Name Conference centre at industrial

area
Location Qatar.Ras laffan industrial area
Engineers xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Project Manager xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Project Description To build a conference centre at
industrial city for industrial base
conference so to avoid long
distance to main city
Target Date xxxxxxxxx
Finish Date xxxxxxxxx
SITE SAFETY WORK PLAN-Emergency Locations

Hospitals Location Telephone

number
xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx

SITE SAFETY WORK PLAN-Job site/Facility Requirements

The main concern is safety and health of Employees and workers, contractors, neighbors, visitors and
related impact to the environment is company main priority.Accordingly,certain rules have been
implement to make work place safe and complete this project with zero injuries .Everyone must follow
these rules.

 No work is to be performed until after a daily Job Safety Analysis(JSA)has been conducted and
should be discussed with all persons onto job site and it is documented.
 Job site entry sign in and sign out daily.(In case of emergency for headcounting)
 Weapons,drugs and alcohol are not allowed on the job site at anytime.
 All Employees,work crew,contractors must report all injuries,property damage or vehicle
accident to on-site Safety Representative.
 Permit to work are required for all work related to site and no work is allowed without permit.
 For every individual come on site should wear basic personnel protective equipment that
is:hard hats,safety glasses,steel toed work boots,hearing protection(if required),and other
personnel protective equipment may be required related to certain task and job
 For any critical job is perform like hot job or confined space. Barricade the area with safety tape
or permanently barricade the area by using pipes(affix the barrication tag with the safety tape
to know the other person about the job scope )

Required Special Work Practices

 No digging is to perform until all approval has been made by team

 No loads are to be lifted over personnel or construction equipments.
 Use certified slings(with certified tagged and in good condition) instead of chains for lifting of
pipe and other materials.
 All grinders must have safety guards installed .
 When involved in the activity of grinding,particle blasting,or other particle/dust producing
activity ,safety glasses and full face protection should be worn by individual who engaged in
activity,all other by stander should be stand 10-foot radius of the activity.
 During initial stages of construction like excavation, at the end of each workday open excavation
are to be barricaded.
  At the end of each workday,all job site trash and debris ,including wnd-blown materials that may
have blown onto site ,is to be collected and removed from the work site for proper off –site
disposable

Required On –Site Safety Equipment and Special Accommodation

The following things should be mandatory and present on site whenever workers are present or
whenever associated work is being performed .

 A minimum of two 20 –pound fire extinguisher at work location during any job in which spark
generation is involved like cutting,grinding,welding ,crane , other vehicle movement and etc.
 Certified slings or other approved rigging and lifting equipment
 Approved generators and lightening as needed for after hours or low light work (Approval by
the Construction/Project manager)
 First aid kits at work site should be available
 Shade canopies or work enclosure due to weather condition
 Drink cooler with water to provide worker hydration and to reduce heat stress.

Required Personal Protective Equipment

The personal protective equipment (PPE)is checked below is required to be worn by all personnel
working at the job site

 Steel-toed/safety-toed work boots

 Safety glass with side shield protection
 Hard-hat
 Gloves
 Ear plugs or other PPE designed and approved for hearing conversation(which are required
specially in digging )
 Safety glasses and full face shield for all persons engaged in grinding and similar activities
 Safety vest
 Cotton cover all or uniform(Flame retardant)

The following clothing is prohibited at all time

Sandals,Sneakers,Open-toed shoes,shorts or cut-offs

Emergency Contingency Plan

Emergency Notification and Post–Evacuation Assembly

The method of alerting workers to emergencies or the need to evacuate the work site,and
evacuation routes, will be discussed at the work site orientation. If an evacuation notice or signal is
given

 All work will cease and related equipment must be shut down
  As instructed ,evacuated employees,contractor and visitor must walk out of the job site as
quickly as possible.
 Everyone is to remain in the designated assembly area until an “All clear” signal is given by Site
Engineer.

Fire Emergency Contingency Plan

In the event of fire emergency

 If the fire is small everyone has permission to use on-site fire extinguisher in an attempt to
extinguish it .But only if the person knows how to fight a fire and use a fire extinguisher
properly.
 If the fire is large, cannot be easily extinguished, evacuate the facility up-wind .Contact the fire
department by calling XXXXXX

Injury Contingency Plan

In the event of an injury

 Immediately report the injury to Site Co-ordinator

 If the injury is a first-aid case , treat it accordingly, but ensure that it is reported
 If the injury needs professional treatment , all work will stop. Remaining employees will shut off
all equipment and wait on-site until instructed to return to work
 LEVEL II
In this level the fire prevention and protection detail assessment and implementation should be follow
in order to complete the construction project safe during construction and implement safety features in
such a way that there will be no life loss, injury, property damage and interruption of operation.

Follow fire prevention and fire protection during construction of a project. Prevention shall be start from
the individual who will be the part of the job.

Everyone should be more focus on three things that can cause real fire.

1.Fuel
2.Ignition Source
3.Oxygen(air)

Above three source can complete the fire triangle. Therefore, everyone has to remove the hazards and
identify the hazard

FUEL: The substance which can burn is a fuel. So many things in our surrounding is present during
construction .Manage the quantity of fuel on site .During construction manage the in house material
that are fuel. In house the material as per demand and requirement only. No need to store for a long
during construction .

Source of ignition: All sources of heat that has the potential to ignite
Oxygen(air): It should be the air around us and oxidizing material that can helpful for burning.Below
table should be follow to reduce down the following potential of fire 6nvolvement

IGNITION SOURCES FUEL OXYGEN

1.Paint scraping
2.Running engine (Diesel
,forklifter,generator ,crane and
etc)
3.Friction generation from the
mechanical base equipment
4.Electrical equipment(Breaker
,switches and etc)
5.Hot work(cutting,Welding
,grinding)
6.Kitchen utensil(Cooking
equipment,microwave)
7.Matches and lighters
1.Waste materials 1.Oxygen use in welding
processes
2.Paints 2.Oxidizing agents
3.Scaffolding material(plank,pipe
and etc)
4.Cylinders for
welding(acetylene)
5.Construction materials
6.Protective coverings
TOOLBOX MEETINGS

To start of a day team leader of concern departments conduct a toolbox meeting with their team and
discuss about the mode and the progression of project. Also, daily assign one person who perform the
safety audit of a site and discuss the observation and finding in toolbox meeting in order to reduce down
the unsafe acts and target to make it zero. The safety audit should be follow like below mentioned chart

Task Performed Audit Findings Corrective Actions

For example For example For example
Scaffolding erection job The safety harness use by crew Use certified safety harness
was not certified

DETAIL OF THE HAZARD INVOLVEMENT DURING PROJECT

Ignition Sources

As we discussed above the potential source of ignition. For fire prevention some potential source of
ignition has to be controlled.

 Designated smoking point shall be made

 Flame arrester(It is a device which stop flame by absorbing the heat from flame and restrict fire
triangle) shall be provided in engine exhaust(internal combustion engine like generator, crane
and etc) to prevent fire on the site.
 The flammable liquid usage and storage should be well maintained.
 The use of compressed gas cyclinders for welding,cutting,grinding should be safe as per British
Compressed Gases Association Code of Practice No 7.
 The hoses and regulator assembly shall be use as per standard(BS EN 559:1994 for hoses and BS
EN ISO 2503:2009 for regulator assembly) and hoses should be color coded to avoid any
confusion
Blue-oxygen
Red-Acetylene
Orange-Propane
 Fire box (canopy) shall be made for any hot job to restrict the flame propagation and should be
inspect by safety personnel
 It is a habit to check the hose condition from any wear tear of hoses.Do not spread over all the
hose .It should kept it minimum as per usage ,it can be protect from tearing .
 Waste drums or any potential fuel not to be kept near the hot job activity. If the job is
performed nearby the designated waste collection drums, it should be empty before the task
been performed.
 Gas cylinder should be kept in upright position
 For electrical installation BS 7671: 2008 should be follow.
 Avoid overloading of socket and entangling of wires
 Do not lay electric cables near the combustible materials
 Maintain the housekeeping during electrical installation
  Circuit breaker and fuses shall be installed for add on the safety layer of protection
 Use 12-volts portable lights and use non-heat resistance glass for halogen lamp.
 Use intrinsically safe equipments

Fuel Sources
The source of fuel is present on site every time. We have to limit the fuel source like combustible
material during the work premises and off time as well. Likewise, we have to demand the combustible
material on site as per requirement and not to keep the combustible material on site for longer.

 We have to marked the designated place for the combustible storage .At the end of the working
day we have to return back to the designate place to overcome the hazard and manage the risk.
 During the construction , from the start or finalization of the conference centre do not place
combustible material at the entrance and exit of the people because it should be occupancy for
escape route, staircases and etc.
 Store LPG cylinders and acetylene cylinders at the designated side with wire mesh fence and
provided the information tag and marking.
 Extra precaution shall be needed with highly flammable liquids with flash point below 32 Celsius
 Usually, 300 kgs quantities of LPG should be with lockable wire cage and place one exit. Similarly
,for other flammable (50 liter or more) like solvents, adhesive, paints shall be stored in lockable
steel chest.
 Store the oxygen cylinder separately from LPG and acetylene.
 If any spill of flammable liquid .Use proper PPE’ for housekeeping. Use proper clothes for
soaking of flammable liquid and dispose off in the proper disposable place.
Precaution while using the gas cylinders and storage:

 Handling and conveyance of flammable properly and provided closed top container on the
cylinders.
 While turning off/on the flammable source properly connect and disconnect .Check fitting and
hose condition before starting any activity.
 While using and storage of cylinder, the cylinder must place in upright position.

The Cylinder has to be used, maintained , purchase as per safety standard that are:

BSEN 521: 1998; BSEN 1596: 1998; BS 5482: Part 2, 1997; BS 7261: 1990; and BS 5440: Parts 1 & 2,
2000.

Precaution while using cylinders in hot job activity

 Cylinder should be kept outside the firebox. At least 3m away from the hot job activity.
 During the hot job activity continuous flammable monitoring should be in place.
 Fire watch man should be designate during the activity.
 Fire extinguisher for class A,B and C fires should be place nearby during the activity .
 Hot job checklist should be filled by the permit issuer and the leadworker of the specific hot job
.In this checklist,it should be clearly mentioned the requirement which should be fulfill by the
leadworker before starting the activity.

CHECKLIST FOR CANOPY CERIFICATION AND HOT JOB

This checklist has to be filled before issuing work permit for hot jobs involving Welding, Cutting,
Grinding & Heating with torches.

S.NO DESCRIPTION YES NO N/A COMMENTS

A CANOPY CERTIFICATION
1 Canopy/Fireproof enclosure is
constructed with fire proof material
2 No combustible material present inside
canopy/ Fire proof enclosure
3 Wind velocity is low and not stong
enough to carry sparks away
4 Proper access and escape routes are
available
5 Floor beneath location of hot job is
clean / swept and free of all
combustible materials
6 Adequate protection provided on the
floors beneath canopy/ Fire proof
enclosure
7 Adequate precautions are in place to
avoid injries / fires due to hot surface
of protective shields around the
canopy / Fire proof enclosure
8 If canopy is built on a scaffold, separate
scaffolding certification is carried out
9 If wooden planks are used for
construction of canopy, there are
adequately wet
10 Fire watcher appointed (Name =
)
11 Fire extinguisher present
12 Heat bulbs of sprinkler system or other
system are protected
B HOT JOB CHECKLIST
1 The job has been reviewed with all the
interfaces involved. Also, estimate the
job area which has to be cordoned off.
2 All area have been checked for
explosivity from explosive(LEL) meter in
 the job area.
3 For hot job at heights, all drains &
manholes within 30 ft. of the work
place are adequately covered. The area
may be increased depending upon the
wind direction etc.
4 Scaffolding is properly installed &
wooden planks are firmly placed,
wetted with water & safe for the job. If
planks are not wetted, then protect
them with fire resistant cloth or metal
sheet.
5 Hot job area is cordoned off at the
ground floor.
6 All loose flammable or combustible
material are removed from the area
(e.g., gloves, coarse cloth, paint,
polythene or WD-40 cans).
7 Fire extinguisher is placed at work
place.
8 No painting to be done in the job area
till the completion of the job.
9 Gas cylinder is located at least 20 ft.
away from the hot job point to avoid
any sparks falling on it. Also, gas leads
from cylinder to torch are in good
condition.
10 Welding machine/cables are in good
condition & welding earth cable is
installed closest to the job & properly
clamped. Also, check for external earth
wire.
Remarks/Problems
encountered
during job
handover:

The above checklist has to be filled by the leadworker for the associated job and the above
condition should be checked by Site supervisor and final approval signing authority is site
coordinator of the site.
 GENERAL RULES

Everyone who are on the site before construction and after construction should know the following
things

 Escape routes and fire exit

 Firefighting equipment that how to use in an emergency situation
 Raising an alarm
 Assembly points

There should be two escape routes in the conference centre. Material should not be kept on the
corridor because corridor is a compartmentation in fire .In case of material on the corridor, helps fire to
spread more rapidly as the kept material is the fuel for fire.

Escape route should be use opposite direction of fire. At least, one stairway should be available to
the ground level. Door should be fire resistant and way to the exit should clearly mentioned and
marked. It should be recommend building structure should be in such a way that it could be
compartmented and envelope protected because it can resist a fire ,and as per standard if there is an
envelope protection in building it can resist 30 mins .Thirty minutes is strong enough for the people to
escape and can save their lives.

Gaps between door and their frames should be tightened and fitted with instrument strip and
smoke seal adherence. Sliding doors and revolving doors is prohibited because there is a chance of
jamming of door.BS EN 1125:2008 standard should be used. The exit door must easily open to escape
route and should be check periodically the condition of door.

In case of fire/emergency check the other opening like doors and etc are properly shut , and make
sure that no other openings on the fire location, because any gap ,opening, holes , false ceiling that can
be favorable condition for fire to spread .

The door and wall should be envelope protected and should be resist for 30 mins. Scaffolding
should be erected for escape routes(stairways) during the construction and final stage of the building. It
also recommend that scaffolding erected stairways should be use in case of fire.

During the construction or final stage of the building, if the number of people is more, increase
escape routes and assembly points.

ASSEMBLY POINTS

Assembly point should be the designate place for people to get easily access to the ground from the
emergency passageway.

Emergency signs should be made and should be blink in case of emergency and get clearance for the
people to easily follow the emergency exit as per health and safety signs regulation. Signs to be
obstructed and obscure from smoke.
 As per standard the signage board(Exit or direction to the exit) should be of 2m high from the floor

The safety warning signs for fire exit, emergency purpose, emergency exit should be lie as per
standard of BS 5499:part 1 202

FIRE ALARM

Install the fire alarms during the end of construction and should be well sounded .So, low hearing ability
person can hear the fire alarm in case of an emergency. It should meet the standard of BS 5839

In case of electrical work in alarm system, the alarm will be disable. Therefore, alternative
action should be mentioned or implement in an emergency purpose.

FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENTS(Extinguisher)

Extinguisher should meet the criteria of standard and should be Red in color that is BS 5499:Part
1:2002.Mostly Extinguishers are red in color

Fire extinguisher should be hooked with the wall and daily monitoring checklist shall me maintained
for the health of an extinguisher (like condition of hose and pressure should be checked .if anyone of
discrepancies found then extinguisher should be replaced.

Classification of fire and classes of extinguisher

Chart from FSM chapter 9

Class Fire Type Examples Agent used

A Solid fuels wood, paper, cloth, rubber, plastic Water/foam
B Flammable liquids Gasoline, kerosene, paint, thinners Water/powder/CO2
C Flammable gases Powder/CO2
D Flammable metals Mg, Ti, K , Na Powder
E Electrical Hazards Powder/CO2

Compartmentation of a building

Compartmentation of a building is that to stop the fire to spread in case of fire, a building should be sub
divided by fire resisting walls ,floor and ceilings

Monitoring should be done to check any gaps during compartmentation .Temporary compartment ,
in case of fire that can compart for 30 mins , and recommended and it should be achievable by using
timber studding frame work.

Emergency Procedures

In an emergency there is a role and responsibilities of every individual. In building after construction and
before every individual knows their responsibilities and training should be conduct for every individual
who are a part of a facility. Detailed procedure point shall be made .Here I mentioned only the bullet
points.

 Normal person(who resides on the building)

 Fire Warden representative in buildings and get special training on fire warden .Specific person
assigned fire warden during construction and after life of a project
 Persons who performs any task related to potential fire like hot job, using hand tools which can
be contained hot layer of fire like electrical works,cutting, grinding and etc (they have to stop
the work and evacuate the area)
 Outside facilities
 Head counting representatives who will count the person in assembly points
 Assembly points destiny role(In every assembly points the list to be placed at assembly point
box and every individual list his/her name. So, it will be easy to count the people who evacuate
from the building )
 Information circulation roles and appointed a persons to do that(Information provide to the
concern people like fire, surrounding facilities regarding the fire).
 For disable person. Separate procedure implement and there should be designate the persons
who helped disable person during the fire and follow the standard of BS 8300:2009
 LEVEL III
On this level we discuss about the active mitigation of safety system build up in the building. For
extinguisher already discussed above and other source need to be discuss in this level.

 Flame or fire detector

 Smoke detector
 Fire suppression system
 Fire alarm call points
 Horn or sounders
 Hose reels and fire water system

FLAME OR FIRE DETECTOR

Flame detector or fire detector use in the conference centre ,office cubicals, electrical room, telephone
room and computer room.

We can use Multispectrum IR flame detector .It is suitable for indoors and outdoors that require the
highest level of false alarm and fire detection performance.

Benefits

 Low cost of coverage

 Single detector for multiple fuel
 Ability to detect smaller fires earlier
 Low maintenance cost
 Best combination of flame detection and false alarm rejection

SMOKE DETECTOR

We can use smoke detector which is high sensitivity smoke detector which is AnaLASER II DETECTOR.It
consist of laser particle counter detection head ,high efficiency fan module and a termination board.It
will be use in two sensitivity ranges which are ultra AnaLASER and Standard AnaLASER. Both have good
features

Benefits

 Air sampling smoke detector for early warning application.

 These detector counter detects particle of combustion at level of obscuration as low as
0.00015%ft
 Laser particle counting technology
 Two programmable alarm levels and two programmable pre-alarm levels
 Three color status LED
  History buffer stores upto 28 days of smoke history

HEAT DETECTORS

We can use heat detectors which is Intrinsically safe HD1 range. It has been designed for use in
hazardous environment

Benefits

 It is suitable for fire suppression and fire alarm systems

SOUNDERS

We can use waterproof Sounders which is DB3 range.

Benefits

 It is light weight
 It can be useful in dust atmosphere and designed with high ingress protection
 The flame paths ,flare and the body, are manufactured completely from a UV stable glass
reinforced polyster

FIRE ALARMS CALL POINTS

We can use call points which is BG and PB range

Benefits

 These call points have been designed for use in hazardous environment.
 Building is in a industrial city and there is a high risk of corrosion. It is corrosion resistant.

FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEM

It can include in two bases

 By means of water sprinkler system .

 By means of FM-200 system

These two system we can use. Water sprinkler system we use in conference hall and office cubical area
where as FM-200 we use in electrical room, telecommunication room and computer room because FM-
200 is not good for the human as this is an inergant gas it will be suppressing oxygen .In case of fire, we
cannot use FM-200 because of oxygen suppressant and in offices cubical and conference hall it will
deplete the oxygen which is unsafe for the people who resides on the building .Now pointing out the
detail of the water sprinkler system and FM-200 system

WATER SPRINKLER SYSTEM AND OTHER OPERATION

Fire water tank.

The fire water tank will be combined with the freshwater tank and shall be in accordance with the safety
standard which is located at the bottom of the tank.

The tank shall be designed for

 Fours hours supply of fresh water dedicated to firewater service at the maximum fire water
flow rate

The tank shall be refilled automatically with fresh water

A biocide and corrosion inhibitor dosing set shall be provided to limit bacterial development and
corrosion. The injection will be made on the water supply line.

Fire Water Pumps

One electric and 2 diesel engine-driven fire pumps will be equipped with adequate fire detection and
fire suppression system because in case of electrical fire or fail the backup from diesel engine source
pump will be run.

Hose Reels

Fire water hose reel shall be located inside the building and outside as well and it can be use only by
designated person

Hose reel on outside will be provided with a sun cover. Hose reel is connected to the fire water network
and reducing valve shall be provided to reduce the pressure at the hose outlet

Water Sprinkler System

Conventional sprinkler heads will use in a building. All sprinkler system shall be automatically activated
when the flow of water is unblocking by glass containing liquid. All system shall be manually activated as
well .Water sprinkler system design, installation and design as per standard. Sprinkler system shall be
used only in conference hall and office cubical.

FM-200 SYSTEM

FM-200 It can only use in electrical, computer and telecom room.

The FM-200 system is stored in pressurized cylinders in a separate room. Piping is gone through the
required places. Once fire starts, the tube is detect heat and ruptures

SAFETY BY PASS PROCEDURE

If any plan to perform any work on safety system , there should be proper by pass safety procedure
should be implement and back up and remedial action should be follow .Separate procedure and by
pass form should fill for compliance of the safety system.

HOUSEKEEPING SYSTEM 5S
At last I want to suggest the housekeeping system should be implementing as a passive means of
mitigation because in many cases it has been revealed most fire occurred due to poor housekeeping

5S system is a management tool from Japan, that focuses on establishing a quality environment in the
organization, ensuring adherence to the standards , fosters the spirit of continuous improvement. It
focuses on five management techniques that are foundation of any organization competitive initiative.
An organization has to go through a continuous and systematic process to:

 Identify , reduce and eliminate waste.

 Enhance teamwork.
 Enhance operations effectiveness in better working environment.
 Form the basic advanced model for continuous improvement and productivity.

WHAT IS 5S

SORT:

To sort and systematically discard the items that is not needed in workplace.

SET IN ORDER:

To arrange necessary items in neat and systematic manner that they can be easily retrieved for use and
to return after use

SHINE:

To clean and inspect the workplace thoroughly that no dirt on floor, machines and equipment's, and to
make sure cleanliness of workplace

STANDARDIZED:

Standardize the best practices and process of cleaning the workplace. Maintain a high Standard of
organization by keeping everything clean and orderly all the time.

SUSTAIN:

To train the peoples to practice the 5S system continuously so that it becomes habitual and ingrained in
the culture of organization

BENEFITS OF 5S

 Workplace becomes cleaner and organized.

 Visible results enhance the generation of more and better ideas.
 Breakdown and minor stops are eliminated in operations.
 Defects reduced by mistake proofing.
 Clear methods and standards are established.
 Space usage is improved.
 A way to blame peoples to defect.
 A way to force peoples to do their work.
 A way to make peoples work harder and faster.