INTRODUCTION
According to John Kopplin (2002), the word "Computer" was used in 1613
and was originally referred to as a job title: it was used to describe those human
beings (predominantly women) whose job was to perform the repetitive
calculations required to compute navigational tables, tide charts, and
planetary positions for astronomical almanacs.
The definition of a computer remained the same until the end of the 19th
century when people began to realize machines never get tired and can
perform calculations much faster and more accurately than any team of
human computers ever could.
Twitter - a free social messaging tool that lets people stay connected through
brief text message updates up to 140 characters in length called
tweets.
- Created by Jack Dorsey, Noah Glass, Biz Stone, and Evan Williams in
March 2006
Instagram - is a free online program and social network that enables users to
take, edit and share photos with other users via Instagram's own
platform, email, and social media sites including Twitter, Facebook,
Tumblr, Foursquare and Flickr. It was created by Kevin Systrom and Mike
Krieger, and launched in October 2010.
Skype - Released in 2003. Created by Niklas Zennstrom and Janus Friis with
Ahti Heinla, Priit Kasesalu, Jaan Tallinn
Computer System – it is made of interrelated parts, each has its own function
operating towards a common objective that is to produce
information.
Five Basic Functions
OPERATION DESCRIPTION
Input The process of entering data and instructions
into the computer system.
Storage Saving data and instructions so that they are
available for processing and when required
Process Performing arithmetic, logical operations on
data in order to convert them into useful
information.
Output The process of producing useful information or
results for the user, such as a printed report or
visual display.
Control Directs the manner and sequence in which all of
the above operations are performed.
- The memory from which we can only read but cannot write on it. This type
of memory is non-volatile. The information is stored permanently in such
memories during manufacture.
MEMORY UNITS
UNIT DESCRIPTION
Bit (Binary Digit) Logical 0 & 1 representing a passive or an active
state of a component in an electric circuit.
Nibble A group of 4 bits.
Byte A group of 8 bits. A byte is the smallest unit which
can represent a data item or a character.
Storage Units
UNIT DESCRIPTION
KiloByte (KB) 1,024 bytes
MegaByte (MB) 1,024 KB = 1,048,576 bytes
GigaByte (GB) 1,024 MB = 1,073,741,824 bytes
TeraByte (TB) 1,024 GB
PetaByte (PB) 1,024 TB
CLASSIFICATIONS OF SOFTWARE
Examples:
KEYS DESCRIPTION
Typing Keys Include (A-Z) and digits (0-9)
Numeric Keypad Used to enter numeric data or cursor
movement, generally consists of 17 keys
Function Keys There are 12 function keys F1 – F12 wherein
each function key has a unique meaning and is
used for specific purpose
Control Keys These provides cursor and screen control.
These include 4 directional arrow keys. Control
keys include Home, End, Insert, Delete, Page
Up, Page Down, Control (CTRL), Alternate (ALT)
and Escape (ESC).
Special Purpose Keys Keyboard also contains special purpose keys
such as Enter, Shift, CapsLock, NumLock, Space
Bar, Tab and PrtScn.
Touch Typist
Hunt and Peck or Search and Destroy
FINGER
ASSIGNMENT
Ergonomics of Typing
Function Keys
Get Help or visit Microsoft Office Online. F1
Move text or graphics. F2
Repeat the last action. F4
Choose the Go To command (Edit menu). F5
Choose the Spelling command (Tools menu). F7
Extend a selection. F8
Activate the menu bar. F10
Go to the next field. F11
Choose the Save As command (File menu). F12
Alt+Function Key
Go to the next field. ALT+F1
Create an AutoText entry. ALT+F3
Quit Microsoft Word. ALT+F4
Restore the program window size. ALT+F5
Maximize the program window. ALT+F10
Editing Text
Selecting Text
Windows
dblou_0107@yahoo.com
Most Common Domain Names are: (this identifies the type of organization)
Website is a site (location) on the World Wide Web. Each Web site contains a
home page, which is the first document users see when they enter the
site.
Search Engines are programs that search documents for specified keywords
and return a list of matching documents. Google, Bing and Yahoo
6) Thou shalt not use or copy software for which you have not paid. Like any
other artists or literary work, software is also subject to copyrights. Software is
the outcome of a programmer's intellect and it is important to respect talent
and give due regard to his/her rights. Obtaining illegal copies of copyrighted
software is unethical.
7) Thou shalt not use other people's computer resources without authorization.
Multi-user systems are supported by user specific ids and passwords. Breaking
into some other user's password, thus indulging into his private space on the
network is unethical. It is not ethical to hack passwords for gaining an
unauthorized access to a password-protected computer system.
8) Thou shalt not appropriate other people's intellectual output. Programs
developed by a programmer in an organization are his/her property.
Copying them and propagating them in one's own name is unethical. A
creative work, a program or a design that a particular employee comes up
with, is his/her ownership. It is the output of someone's intellect and efforts.
Copying it with selfish intentions is indeed not ethical.
9) Thou shalt think about the social consequences of the program you write.
Looking at the social consequences that a program can have, describes a
broader perspective of looking at technology. A computer program goes a
long way to reach homes of the masses. In case a person is working for
animation films or he/she is designing a video game, it is the programmers
responsibility to pay attention to the effects of his/her creation. In case of
software, it is important for the programmer to realize the prospective use of
the software. Writing a virus, when one knows that it is going to serve as a
malware, is indeed unethical. If a particular content is intended for children
or when children are prone to gain access to the content, it is necessary for
the creator of such content to be careful about the social consequences it is
bound to have.
10) Thou shalt use a computer in ways that show consideration and respect. In
the real world, we face situation wherein we need to be courteous to our
fellow mates. Many times, we need to cooperate with them and give each
of the fellow individuals the consideration due. On similar lines, while
interacting through a computer, a person needs to be nice to the ones
he/she interacts with.
MICROSOFT WORD
SCREEN ELEMENTS
GENERAL
Open a Document Ctrl + O
Create New Ctrl + N
Save a Document Ctrl + S
Print a Document Ctrl + P
Close a Document Ctrl + W
Help F1
NAVIGATION
Up One Screen Page Up
Down One Screen Page Down
Beginning of Line Home
End of Line End
EDITING
Cut Ctrl + X
Copy Ctrl + C
Paste Ctrl + V
Undo Ctrl + Z
Redo or Repeat Ctrl + Y
FORMATTING
Bold Ctrl + B
Italic Ctrl + I
Underline Ctrl + U
Align Left Ctrl + L
Center Ctrl + E
Align Right Ctrl + R
Justify Ctrl + J
TEXT SELECTION
A Word Double-Click the word
A Sentence Press and Hold CTRL and click
anywhere in the sentence
A Line Click in the selection bar next to
the line
A Paragraph Trip-click the paragraph
All/Everything Ctrl + A
MICROSOFT EXCEL
QUICK ACCESS TOOLBAR: A small toolbar on top of the screen next to the
Excel logo contains shortcuts for some of the most common commands
such as Save, Undo, and Redo buttons.
RIBBON: A combination of old versions menu bar and toolbar, arranged
into a series of tabs ranging from File through View. Each tab contains
buttons, lists, and commands. A contextual tab is a special tab that offers
extra commands.
NAME BOX: Displays the address of the current active cell where you work
in the worksheet.
FORMULA BAR: Displays the address of the active cell on the left edge,
and it also shows you the current cell's contents.
WORKSHEET: This area contains all the cells of the current worksheet
identified by column headers, using letters along the top, and row
headers, using numbers along the left edge with tabs for selecting new
worksheets.
SHEET TABS: Excel 2010 contains 3 blank worksheet tabs by default. Click
on the intended tab will go to the particular worksheet.
GENERAL
Open a Workbook Ctrl + O
Create New Ctrl + N
Save Ctrl + S
Preview and Print Ctrl + P
Close a Workbook Ctrl + W
Help F1
Run Spelling Check F7
Calculate Worksheets F9
Create an absolute, F4
normal or mixed reference
NAVIGATION
Move Between Cells
Right One Cell Tab
Left One Cell Shift +Tab
Down One Cell Enter
Up One Cell Shift + Enter
Down One Screen Page Down
Up One Screen Page Up
To Cell A1 Ctrl + Home
To Last Cell Ctrl + End
Go To Dialog Box F5
EDITING
Cut Ctrl + X
Copy Ctrl + C
Paste Ctrl + V
Undo Ctrl + Z
Redo Ctrl + Y
Find Ctrl + F
Replace Ctrl + H
Select All Ctrl + A
Edit Active Cell F2
Clear Cell Contents Delete
FORMATTING
Bold Ctrl + B
Italic Ctrl + I
Underline Ctrl + U
Open Formal Cells Ctrl + Shift
Dialog Box +F
Select All Ctrl + A
Select Entire Row Shift + Space
Select Entire Column Ctrl + Space
Hide Selected Rows Ctrl + 9
Hide Selection Columns Ctrl + 0
MICROSOFT POWERPOINT
GENERAL
Open a Presentation Ctrl + O
Create New Ctrl + N
Save a Presentation Ctrl + S
Print a Presentation Ctrl + P
Close a Presentation Ctrl + W
Help F1
Insert a New Slide Ctrl + M
NAVIGATION – Go To:
The Next Slide Spacebar
The Previous Slide Backspace
EDITING
Cut Ctrl + X
Copy Ctrl + C
Paste Ctrl + V
Undo Ctrl + Z
FORMATTING
Bold Ctrl + B
Italic Ctrl + I
Alight Left Ctrl + L
Center Ctrl + E
Justify Ctrl + J
DO'S DONT'S
Text Text
- Keep slides concise - Don't include too many details and
- Font size should range between 18 data (no more than 7 words to a
to 48 (according to importance) line and 7 lines to a slide)
- Use fonts that are easy to read, - Don't crowd the information
such as Arial, Helvetica, Times New - Don't use flashy or curvy fonts
Roman, etc. - Don't use all uppercase letters (they
- Use uppercase letters for the first are difficult to read and will appear
letter to your audience that you are
- Leave space between the lines of yelling)
text - Don't use abbreviations
- Use statements, not sentences - Don't use punctuation marks for
- Use keywords to help the audience bulleted items
focus on your message
Noise Effects Noise Effects
- Use sounds to help convey, - Don't use sounds when they aren't
complement, or enhance the appropriate
message - Sounds can be distracting and can
make your presentation less
effective
Color Color
- Limit the use of color to 2 to 4 - Don't have multiple color schemes
colors/shades - Don't use dark colors on a dark
- Use colors that will stand out and background (red, blue, and black
will be easy on the eyes (dark should not be used together as text
backgrounds and light text is best) and background)
- Remember, the colors projected
from a data projector will look
different than the colors on your
computer screen
Images and Shapes Images and Shapes
- Include images that make the issue - Don't use too many graphics (can
you are presenting more true to life, be distracting)
so your audience will understand - Don't use low-quality images
and identify with it (images should not be pixilated)
- Only include 1 to 2 images per slide (Pixilated images appear
- Use shapes to illustrate complex unprofessional)
topics
Transitions Transitions
- Use transitions to help your - Avoid flashy transitions (too much
presentation make more of an movement will distract your
impact by varying the way one audience)
slide replaces another - Avoid using random slide transitions
- Keep transitions to a minimum
- Use the same transition or a
variation of the transition
Practice Your Presentation Practice Your Presentation
- Use a data projector to view your - Don't read your material directly
presentation: from the screen (use the slides as
- Is it easy to read the text? prompts, outlines, or conversation
- Is the amount of information on points, not cue cards)
each slide kept to a minimum? - Don't leave all the lights on in the
- Are there any distracting elements? room (be sure people can actually
- Ask others for feedback see the screen)
MICROSOFT PUBLISHER
GENERAL
Open a Publication Ctrl + O
Create New Ctrl + N
Save a Publication Ctrl + S
Print a Publication Ctrl + P
Close a Publication Ctrl + W
Help F1
EDITING
Select All Ctrl + A
Cut Ctrl + X
Copy Ctrl + C
Paste Ctrl + V
Undo Ctrl + Z
Redo Ctrl + Y
Check Spelling F7
FORMATTING
Bold Ctrl + B
Italic Ctrl + I
Underline Ctrl + U
Alight Left Ctrl + L
Center Ctrl + E
Alight Right Ctrl + R
Justify Ctrl + J
Increase Font Size Ctrl + ]
Decrease Font Size Ctrl + [
NAVIGATION and LAY-OUT
Zoom to Full Page Ctrl + Shift + L
Toggle Between Current F9
and Full Page View
Go To Page F5
Next Page Ctrl + Page Down
Previous Page Ctrl + Page Up
Insert New Page Ctrl + Shift + N
Insert Duplicate Page Ctrl + Shift + U
Show/Hide Layout Guides Ctrl + Shift + O
Switch to Master Page Ctrl + M
Beginning of Line Home
End of Line End