Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
r) Also see ,,Travaux du Museum d'hi'stoire Naturelle", Yol. I/1957' Bucharest 1958r
p.7-9. p' 2 (Museum archives' lile n" 2)'
2) Gr. Antipa, from a manuscript r€port of 1898,
Bucharest,1898.
l0 M. IONESCU, B. SCTINAPP anC V. DUMTTRESCU
{ ,N
r) r. Lepgi,
,,The Nafional Museum of Natural History,,, from
rI, n' L/1931, p, B, Bucharest, 1g31. ,,Boabe de grfu,,, y'"ag
in tie volume ,,Grigore Antipa, Hommage A son euvre,,, p.64,
."r"n"3rl.rt!t1-Gans2,
tare .-t) M' .Bicescu, The National Museum of Natural
- ilustrate, n" 2-311942, p, 67, Bucharest.- -
History ,,Gr. Antipa,,, Lumea mili-
!) R. Cdlinescu, ,,Introduce_re ln biogeografia
graphy-.of Rumania',), p. 6, Bucharert, fS?O.-- - Romtniei,, (,,Introduction to the biogeo_
o) Al. V. Grossu,
,,eilituza,, (,,duide,,; to the Museum, p. B, Buchafest, 19b6.
') A' Fetu, speech. held-on reception-ai the socletatea i,"ia..ii"a nomhd CRumanian
Academical Society), p. 148, iszi_iCzn.
Bucharesi,
?) Almanahul Statului (State
Almanach) 1g41, p. 149, Bucharcst, 1g41.
FORMATION AND DSVELOPMENT OF THE BUCHAREST MUSEUM 11
its readers that a ,,l\{useum for Natural Eistory antl Antiquities" had
recently been openecl in Bucharest" 1) (see the fig' 3r Pag' l2-L3)'
similar statements aro also to be found in the booklet of Pius walen-
qte'inz ), a nephew of the Museum's first curator, as well as in the works
of the historian Y. A. Urechia 3). The latter shows that :
j1'. * .r
xESErt. $rsroHr.t.
lreer rtrrlrsarn&m. ch -Fpqlmi! r[ r!rr, !t:li,
:GfilF. ststTsr r|,. Srpe-rtt *"lfink ,{," fin..
BIEilIgItsSr HAEtHrJb"
Iq;eregr trt lmnid, Sirriorcrrg.
; *r t!ry1 I
u f,*reryitrrli
,:,11,,
one reacts : ,,In 1832 the Museum is granted. a 5000 lei subsitly"' To clear
and found
up these rliscrepancies the authors investigatetl these references
I ,; 1L:r',tii
'1,'rl :
:,:,., :.
::uM lr' .1iu ,4
: {; I
efWruWdI&
g i-!. calr)rr tt{r}, - r.taS,
ff.}.,:-iar*.|.tdatn.
B:y a'qt!.r t.nrh !ht*aib.;',6
q|F'f!|.. t sat {.hai{ir. .4tct* itb.{r*r
-it-
.rf * f"hrtqil *q l.dirba.it I th q{Eae"
rd_-.rd{rlt. drfr_*t*ilcr f|' *.
* tlfrdrr. O xpc4ryr r|cr c Hcl *ts. E.'-.rr#afia*rSae
*c}r1* arlr?c*rs j.m.sr .r !ry i+rrjr;n * *&rur,i* r* fA# 6]
,q.
;. sT netqFi, F{qistd. rirf m, *.n|.r.rF hrtifta., tr ?kq{h,d*l}
||srt*trf , hr*{tu.
rtt*r rq?i{F.+ ,n qFhss & td*,*f,
:
:1:a' *raa.eb-ryi
S{} n|rappra{ reg
Tq1- r
s ratar *t*{**LlS*,',.I
,tattFrt*,-Erq*.6-.a| |1"1q. 1u* rd, {ed.$
-*'.'
ti,ttl
E1i .ry:qf @!t rnr?tr ccd Fs*r m*
?*{hbrt*irryc*.t n+6.?" fu;,,1**, ,f. t o"{- b d11die? ,srmdipa, ,c
**{ff qarl qg,ryl" w -tqqi
fr*ib{*r|*l. n*ii,n # eq'tr trh?,{. d qeld pr&6:!.tr s dr
rr&.tr?sF.E* rarps :fsrry.
fti' it-bx'dam6*d* p lrcr-m q
ffi.q"" r; r*eqts .*fl,?; *tbF F? d #;";;;;.;
F" ryTllil i4chwq gq64". gro Fry. !egra}, cf
${ l.@:e
trtffi sr a?&&tbr.
prnrrir&brffarq*i;
ffie"rFrtr gp lnrt* .&ai rl& qne h ctao r€ *idff .$g s&qj.Sr or
aorpr rloqgm d&olrr:u !r f'.k!c aif*f, : lqr ta*n*r.1, iJ
#'rFb itrFr*aGp-ffI. rtrmi Fr* tqw
a.di o * c gqp*prwrhg, *ngr7 *re d$lm frF*t Frq lls *€{ih l-r*"
n d? trGiFr&i8 !{!rrmi4t' 6qd l!d. tf.I+ leq .e &a dq&frpio {elrir& i tb
t{gr6 +6Wmr*gimrrp q-r*F4rl"" @ *ituwiry ibr ptutb€tus & * 1.A,.
eFfFdstrr*?E{.*tffi !fi, rffiBt al rr, .1r'* k* oa .or*trl fr6rioabw 5gl*r1pri".da
tl,rrltl_{r*{F qin$B r a1 St . C. S ,!, e:& m e **:qhd t* ,"s d$r{ lg l* !S"4,
&|Lt*- *lllrw d l, $,u;{r'*,r r!,,a8t FrFrn .F, q
'-*i.rrla.S&* d rrr&cd|L .sn ihnm" r*
Fq. |x?'t{|i' #{t tr 4}re 11pr5.o,ttx,f erbi * ws
{F trl*}. qtib *ii$l!s-
FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE BUCFIAREST MUSEUM 13
,,:-r;lill:rx,r"4,fr1".'"*
*'u"*""#
+lrir ol '
"*rry
;M:W*
dilts $+<iD r.Flgelr lu st*rr1n bisrlrasF enfi. lll fruaad# !4f*+|\Hlnrq q,s.d. triiieKiffiltj.'.'*4
r*'rr$L:ft
rssf rE i{d
rl{{L:ft Msi'C fi&s{h
*iT-{g rrrrpla} ti '1rF #fi hsllr
rc r:rr
*rrpl*t, ai r. urltr ct d''di'iuid
d''dlluirJ vietd'fin +*m ltpi@ "ff
e*n ;i6ii{b,rtFtitr4i
v0urA'fin trrtrtt
kr;"!si ri* **r${6i. ffiti.EiF.f,r f{.Sreq a*r'tlleao
x.i"rc;r:'**{fi{E-ias-tlrttdf,rr{Trea eds\t {iBo. Iuuglu
Iu wslq {+t&: {+ l*t: b oici t-tntl'ts
b$ird t-m*l F $&d#l:ii:
ff$i*iin !
u*r aryx;rff ,*liiig*$!!p^rt rm3*;, r$r"tr. l',"^ , I .t lct'rr, d@ lrirrd,€r lelHq e hr,qffi dtt kt{tiH{:1,
r *!f6ffq!iF *a!|il.Sk#$ q4& 6 4vd w riiH il hr^t?brne4.r* mrrird d{if tisl*Fh f,ir&.,
*"3#*f4.*'ir e*dt*qr
*"3$*fl-4.*'ir r"x or4tt
*r*trl*q ?'Ti.rl s'n "uis rdi{*h
rciru :[
orare sfiE- p1r FilditiqB.,
fr F,r rtrtlm o*If'wiltu r*:ifft
Fi*ditigB., Oos E ftrrfr
tli.tsx,'*iiltFamrir1sry9i'\.,ri{w1e.al'Nt,:'*atJoiIb'&hpi*iprcrd."*]f'witri.
s**i!* \' rs za' e re'r
E1;': ;T,J::: "'',{
@?r+*ra.!alE *#
#,,"fi"xJ;,fiJ;T :1;': ? ffi :ffi
l-tty+{ ftp $fi r.nela wit $ontAi er* dJuil ,lsr * ir*m}, qai wr rorlad
&- r
-
umr6$*t-,*ir+ rr*s l$r
idlwBirmisu;im9g$fi:*u1+rr**1pi,,uIti,*oo*drhmtitelarullio*
t*rt "*i rte dftl*,#1l..htuf{K rry*u, ,ar"," j$.[,"oJ* ar ro 6ntit*ta g"trfq* 6*,r
rdrlr* riwxr
norremre{imsr't
* ,,., ",n-,J
I .*ro cqbtu rabhi,s p.} ilcr ivhd' dBriti* t.lnr} j1..
p u {* v ehwa $frsf;*n'*ltftihd gr"+xt., rryr J$ crst &ailto !dr.rh! !e Ioar pr'ruitF! rqr l{r :nd.
nrn rqrit *1 crt'a *i**leai* ifrlt rNr*d *tt:$
ay.<,!c*I{uecpc, , I ., """fi..
,q!ic6 {ff h!d n l*-r*ej|'$ji'i: y1o:t S\p
r) Jurnalul Eforiei din Muntenia (Journal of the Walachian Board) n' 88 of February
18, 1836. State Archives 777O (ll7-1836) (see the fig. 13, pag. 24).
PNTBJAilI
o"rJlllI.
l3$l. l*!l al l$f& d
lapr.rrt qr||{ $r sr edr
rclryrlrrt rFii$ a. rr ltsOl Iq.dq +{t{in rF
rata $r {efr ri rf c crF ftl*ia r Intiir+
arrl rlpr oltf lralpt? al c.lorollfill lB&iltl Gfrtrwr
lil ni|l|nu +rrr{r"us ffirg lsl lofit c"ffillnF
sta IrrA ?f*&rffi
^
BLOP$lm {. IBIIEL($DA A&
ttr6fi{!t.
tlrarr r Etr*r &Isd dffit rn$
-E-er';..;
Fig. 4. - The ,,Regulamentul Organic". Qover of the 1832 and 194? editions,
FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE BUCH.{REST MUSEUM
are started for the construction of a hall for the Museum, a fact that
proves beyond any d.oubt the existence and development of the Bucha-
Grrcrtr
[t8(}td
r
odo60A.
frtopii arrtlrrr.
ll?. firrt rUp rr ut lpnt c+rfuri" r 6r rilnoryhgr nr crflt Ar
uer tpi ;lrnrlgili ur nrtBprii 4xrtgtrsgr rrrryii ryiixqr ct or tp.-
u ar 6,oi rnl, ;*r.trf,es r*gir 4rr torrr lilrrr r$.fr *t Xoi rui tr8-
'
*iris.
ite a4rrtrr crnrc;f, .h IxSiSi 6imr$ llp{ro$r m ng,ir nixr'
ptolfit ,tr re toir* errr*t;$'rl exfaSi 6ir u6r ui +--tl .it1:
u O;orpeo1f,r .r +r.rf 8* rfp *r fol?l,jl Or rr-4rgrerrl$r atrl ru
clrr r'4rfl loeitunru tprlimoeo uri lrrrr tli rfqAtr$r At iurgr
rrin*r' mrrJ$ 4i :rp,rarr n;iri*r
lSm n cr rr {nrr m;rc nqrry8. toril *ositolrtir osyltrtrltlu
tr.frtn1.^1 nlh rrp.ai *6{n*'6,irr rrgrtur''t-+1rrt''r iut*uAtorx
lrt{p'u
iii,,rlt ntofuran, 0ptfio;|; lt nrrrnni 'nrlo6S'r tr*giri '
rest Museum in the yea,rs which precede the writing of these documents.
They are the sources of the references mentioned, of the historian Urechia.
Finally, the testimony of the scholar A. Demitloff who visited it in 1837
M. IONESCU, B. SCHNAPP and V. DUIUITRESCU
with respect to the location where the Museum was formed, Gr.
Antipa states that it was started. at the collea Eospital in Bucharest.
He wrote: ,,The Reigning prince Ghica foundert in bucharest the ffust,
museum of Natural rristory, at colfea, where the schorars
walenqtein
and Ferrerati worked.t,2.
The other resea,rche,rs immetl.iately accepted. this inttication in
their
works. where this erroneous information, lasting until nowaclays
origi-
nated, is not known, as there is nowhere to be found, any official
act with
r) voyage dans la Russie mdridionale et la
Crimds pa1 la Hongrie, la valachie et la Mol-
davie, exi,cutde par Me Anatole de Demidoff, pp. fSS_iS+, p".i.,'iti,iri.
2) Gr-. Antipa: speech at the inauguration
of tt" -"rl,ir"'i"'til"e="joorr,"t ,,universul,,
26 mai 1908.
FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE BUCHAREST T,{USEUM
this tenour. A. Fetu's work quoted above mentions on page 140r among
others things, the existe;rce of anatomic museums of the Bucharest ,,Dforia
Spitalelor Civile" (,,Board. of Civil llospitals") or the Bucha'rest ,,$coala
de Metlicind, qi Farmaeie" (,,School of Medicine and Pharmacy"). These
were however by no means museums of Natural lfistory, but only strictly
specialized. collections useful to the medical teaching of that period. The
a) b)
Figures 7 a and b - M. Ghica and Al. Ghika
more conclusive seems to be the fact that all the documents investigated.t
without any exception, point to the College of St. Sava as being the first
place where the Bucharest, Museum was initially formed and. developed.
So it is that Pius Walenqtein, leaflet mentioned, writes ,,the Museum was
installeil at St. Sava's in 1836" 1).
Ilrechia also states directly in his work quoted" above : ,,At. St.
Savats there is a museum. In 1832 the museum is granted a subsidy. . - - ."')'
The same information is also found in the contemporary publications
mentioned. fn another number of the State Aimanach one finds :
,,This establishment was founded in 1835 under the protection of
the great Ban M. Ghica, curator D. K. Walenqteintt s;. vl'alenqtein however,
2 .- c. 3222
M. IONESCU, B. SCHN_q.pp and V. DUMITRESCU
the curator of the Museum w&s a professor at the college and his nomjna_
tion was made by the school Boa,rd from under the leadership of.p. poe.
na,ru, the Eeadmaster of the college. Moreover, immediately under
this
information the Armanach deals about the college, leaving no doubt
Fig. 8. _ G. Walengtein.
whatover that the premises of the Museum are understood. as being within
the College(see the fig. 9, pag. 19).
ft also reminded that in the ,,Regulamentul Organic',, on page 116,
the enumeration of the collections for the purchase of which * *r*iay
was granted in 1832 shows beyond any doubt the didacti" *"op", o"""-
ssarily linked with the National college
that time. - the only college existing at
FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE BUCHAREST MUSEUM 19
ffi1
fqfq rr
us
rcr l{|&f x*
l*t
g;ffiffire8*n
fdrr* rc nad *oas *erqF|.'* a(f{r_
__ - 1r.
tl'c$4r ta iFIFe! ruGnl{E r cr*l
s,ffiHffiltffi
ffi$ffi;&;h$t#
Srnor*e*e; llr
'iffiAq*ee*.or & -a.rpe-
%ffi'ffi*trpfu.o.ff
*TYY.
Fig. 9.- Facsimile from the State Almanach, 1839.
the director of the College 1). On the other hand. the researchers which
occupied themselves with the history of the College, such as Al. N. Yiiznz),
1) ,,In August 1835, by the written request n' 406, undoubtedly prompted by P. Poe-
naru, the Board members Al. Filipescu and C. Bildceanu sollicited for permission from the
Reigning Prince, to publish a ne$'spaper in the Rumanian and French languages".V.A.Urechia,
op. cit. p. 300.
3) Al. N. Vitzu ,,Studiu asupra lnvdfimlntului secundar,,, pag. 18, Buch., lgggn
NJ
,1ro**,-t
dBYr
\1
-s,
M'
Fig. 10. - The oltl plan of the city and the location of the trtuseunr at St. Sava's, in comparison with the present
position of the buildings (according to Al. N. Vitzu).
FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF 'THE BUCHAREST MUSEUM 2l
The passing from the feutlal to the capitalist system, which takes
place in the Rumanian countries especiallf beginning in the second half
of the XVIIIIL century and continues intensely in the first half of the
XIXth century, brings about great economical, politica,l, social and cul-
tural changes. Concomitautly with the economical and cultural impulse,
which coincides with the establishement of the capitalist mode of produc-
tion in the Itumanian Principalities, d.uring this historical period. of great
upheavals, the found.ations of the national Bumanian state are laid, the
oltl institutions are liquiclatetl, new ones are created.
In the people's struggle against a double bond.age : national (Otto-
man yoke) and social (estate owners), the people's great leaders anil the
meant to study and to take the necesary steps to organize many popular
institutions among which were also the national schools 1).
Ile also directecl the work leatling to the tlrawing up of the ,rBegu-
lamentul Organic". The popularity gained by Kiseleff explains the grateful
:a : t"a.
r:;1'l
f::rSJt'I::'
*r*
b
b
l't'
ir y' tl
ati:
"'" l=T4u"=fi*Fdffi|
srffrffiEsIrE
duc ryryii oscp*i ,$l*c lirp la
*.Y*',
I
anr.;*
fhqfcop o ,-."q*,q| .st@d ,v{str&
trl0sprrt
+
'I :.
;#xr,Pt-*. - ,,,
Fig. 14. - Qover of the leaflet. Wal$tein's ornithology.
a're ttisjoined, there only remrining in the Museum the oollections of natu-
ral history and. antiquitiesr).
rhe activity of walgtein who, ftom 1g60, was also the ttireotor .of
the National Picture Gallery of st. sava's, is the rctivity of a progressist
schola,r, a pioneer ia ornithology r;. Eis successor was the specialist .oarlo
Fig. 17, - The old University where the museum was from 1g67 to 1894.
*w;
1) On the actual site of the Municipal Building of the 1st of May district, where the
Museum was housed from 1894 to 1906 see also fig. 18, page 29.
M. IONESCU, B. SCI{N-A,PP and V. DUTVIITRESCU
Irig. 22. - Gr..\ntipa, the director of the \Iuseurrr (113!)1-19.1.1). and Dr.. -\'ictor Piet-
schnrann of Vienna.
:l c.:]:11:.1
M. IONESCU, B. SCHNAPP and V. DUMITRESCU
REZUMAT
PEStrOME
_^^^ Asroprr ynaBhrBaror, qro rlatraJro Myaea HaAo r,renarb B fr. 1gg1-
L832 s HarlrrouaJrbgoft Koilefrdr4 Cr. CasLrrr fAe xpauuJrrrcb r(o{Jrenqrra
ny6nuurolo u uyaeftrrofo ftapanrepa, cpeArr Horopr{x HaxoAtrJrr,rcb rr Ba?n-
HEIO €CTeCTB€HIII'I€ nOJ[Jleltqnu.
oopuau'r'-r€ rofiJrMeHrbr rro cograrr.ur Myaer He uMerorcfi no 1gB? f.,
xorE MHOrOqr4CJteHHbIe Aonjmeurbl yrBeprfi Aaror cyrqecrBoBaHrre MSnaen rrd
MtrOfO pAHbrrre
Myaeft upn ftouuerun cn. caasbr 6rr.rr coagan c{nquanrnno n 1&3? r,
lm{e.fl B KaqecrBe cnequaJrucra flpc{. Kapn Ba.refurrefiH u nr4peKropa
rro MHofr{M JrKaBaHusM, Muxalr.n luna, o noroporu n oQuquauurrlx 4oliy-
MeHTaX He JmoMr,rHaeTcff
vraausaerc.s qepenoBaHr.re Erarog paBBrrrrrff Mlaer r,r oco6enuo,
BrrrraA npc$eccopa rp. IllleftHecny u l-pd lp. Anruni, u rrorroilrr4reJrb-
rlbre coBpeMerlHbre ycJIoBff Myaen, coBAarrrrEle crpoeM napopnoft
AeMor(parflI|.