Anatomy I Expl.

EXPLANATION- ANATOMY-I
1. A
The anterior fibers of deltoid arise from lateral 1/3 of clavicle. Acromial fibers from acromion process &
posterior fibers from lower border of spine of scapula. It is inserted on the deltoid tuberosity of
humerus. Supplied by axillary nerve having root value of C5,6 – a branch of posterior cord.
The axillary nerve winds around the surgical neck of humerus. Injury to upper trunk or surgical neck
results in paralysis of deltoid leading to flat shoulder, loss of rounded contour of shoulder & loss of
sensation of upper lateral aspect of arm.
2. C
Axillary artery is a continuation of subclavian artery at outer border of first rib. It continues as brachial
artery at lower border of teres major. The axillary vein lies medial to artery. It is divided into three parts
by pectoralis minor. The cords of brachial plexus are present in first & second parts & nerves in third
part.
The medial root of median nerve crosses third part of axillary artery from medial to lateral side, joins
with lateral root and forms Median nerve. Thus third part of axillary artery lies between two roots of
median nerve.
Lateral thoracic artery, branch of second part of axillary artery is the chief artery supplying the breast.
Posterior circumflex humeral artery passes through quadrangular space along with axillary nerve.
The prevertebral fascia which encloses brachial plexus & subclavian artery is carried in the axilla,
Known as axillary sheath – encloses axillary artery & brachial plexus. Axillary vein lies outside the sheath.
3. C
Roots, trunk & divisions are supraclavicular. They lie in posterior triangle of neck. The cords & nerves lie
in axilla around axillary artery. Cords are present in 1st & 2nd parts & nerves in third parts. Ulnar nerve is
a branch of medial cord. Musculocutaneous nerve is a branch of lateral cord. Radial nerve is the largest
branch of brachial plexus.
4. E
Latissmus dorsi arises from dorsal aspect of iliac crest, spines of thoracic, lumbar & sacral vertebra,
junction of middle & posterior layer of thoracolumbar fascia. Inserted into the floor of Bicipital Groove.
Subscapularis, teres major & latissimus dorsi forms the posterior wall of axilla. Latissimus dorsi causes
adduction, extension & medial rotation of shoulder joint. Also known as climbers muscle.
Supplied by thoracodorsal nerve – branch of posterior cord. Forms the posterior boundary of Petits
triangle. The anterior boundary is formed by external oblique & base by iliac crest. Floor is formed by
internal oblique.
5. D
The thoracodorsal nerve is a branch of posterior cord ( C6, 7,8). Accompanies the subscapular vessels,
lies on posterior wall of axilla & supplies latissimus dorsi from its deep surface.
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Axillary artery is divided into three parts by pectoralis minor. Posterior wall of axilla is formed by
subscapularis, teres major & latissimus dorsi. Lateral wall is formed by humerus & coracobrachialis.
Axillary vein is a continuation of brachial vein at the lower border of teres major.
The thoracoepigastric vein connects the lateral thoracic vein to superficial epigastric vein in case of SVC /
IVC obstruction.
6. E
Musculocutaneous nerve is a branch of lateral cord of brachial plexus. Root value is C5,6,7. It supplies
medial half of brachialis, biceps brachi & coracobrachialis. Continues as lateral cutaneous nerve of
forearm. Brachioradialis is supplied by radial nerve. Posterior interosseous nerve is a terminal branch of
radial nerve.
7. B
Pectoralis Minor.
8. B
Pectoralis minor arises from 2nd – 5th ribs. Inserted on coracoid process of scapula. Supplied by medial
pectoral nerve ( some authors mention both medial & lateral pectoral nerves). Divides the axillary artery
into three parts. Thus it acts as a guide for axillary artery. Clavipectoral fascia encloses pectoralis minor,
continues as suspensory ligament of axilla & is inserted into axilla. Thus it lies inferior to pectoralis
minor.
9. C
Medial cutaneous nerve of arm is a branch of medial cord of brachial plexus (C8, T1). It lies medial to
axillary vein, pierces the deep fascia in the middle of arm & supplies the skin on medial aspect of arm.
It is joined by intercostobrachial nerve ( lateral cutaneous branch of T2).
10. B
The long head arises from infraglenoid tubercle of scapula. It lies anterior to teres minor & posterior to
teres major. Lateral head arises from the shaft above spiral groove. The medial head arises from shaft
below spiral groove, medial & lateral & medial intermuscular septum.
The long & lateral head overlaps medial head. Insertion is on olecranon process of ulna.
It is supplied by profunda brachi artery & posterior circumflex humeral artery.
Nerve supply is by radial nerve C5,6,7 roots. The radial nerve pierces the lateral intermuscular septum.
11. A
Median nerve is formed by Lateral root of median nerve ( branch of lateral cord ) & medial root of
median nerve ( branch of medial cord ). The medial root crosses the third part of axillary artery goes to
lateral side joins with lateral root. The median nerve thus lies lateral to third part of axillary artery. In the
middle of arm it crossesbrachial artery from lateral to medial side. Thus in cubital fossa median nerve is
the most medial structure.

12. C
Anterior compartment contains biceps, brachialis & coracobrachialis muscles. The musculocutaneous
nerve & Brachial artery supplies the muscles. The median nerve crosses brachial artery from lateral to
medial side in front of it. The ulnar nerve & superior ulnar collateral vessels pierce the medial
intermuscular septum.
13. E
Pronator teres is the most lateral superficial muscle of forearm. Arises from medial supracondylar ridge
& medial epicondyle of humerus. Inserted on the lateral aspect of muddle of shaft of radius. (
Brachioradialis is inserted on the lateral aspect of radius above styloid process). The median nerve
passes between the two heads. Ulnar artery passes deep to the deep head. The lateral border forms the
medial boundary of cubital fossa.
14. D
Superficial branch of Radial nerve.
Radial nerve divides into deep branch / posterior interosseus nerve - which pierces the supinator &
superficial branch – which lies below brachioradialis.
15. D
The superficial branch of radial nerve lies deep to brachioradialis. The deep branch / posterior
interosseous nerve pierces the supinator. The median nerve passes between the two heads of pronator
teres. The ulnar nerve passes between the two heads of flexor carpi ulnaris ( Cubital tunnel syndrome ).
Radial artery lies medial to BR and lateral to FCR. Anterior interosseous artery accompanies the anterior
interosseous nerve. It pierces the interosseous membrane just above the pronator quadratus.
16. E
Flexor polices longus is an intermediate muscle in front of forearm. Arises from anterior aspect of shaft
of radius & interosseus membrane. Fleshy fibers ends above flexor retinaculum. The tendon passes
below retinaculum, enclosed by Radial bursa & is inserted on the base of distal phalanx of thumb.
Causes flexion of the thumb & flexion of wrist. Anterior interosseus nerve & vessels lie in front of it.
17. D
At the wrist the median nerve lies between the tendons of FCR and palmaris longus. Flexor carpi radialis
is lateral & superficial to tendon of FPL. FDS is arranged in two sets. The superficial set contains tendons
of middle & ring finger. The deep set contains tendons of index & little finger. Flexor retinaculum is
attached laterally to tubercle of schapoid and ridge of trapezium bones & medially to pisiform & hook of
Hammate.
18. D
Opposition of thumb is done by opponence pollicis supplied by median nerve. Flexion of distal
interphalangeal joints of index finger is done by FDP – supplied by anterior interosseous nerve in

forearm. Flexion of interphalangeal joint of thumb is done by FPL - supplied by Anterior Interosseus
nerve in forearm. Palmar aspect of little finger is supplied by Superficial branch of Ulnar nerve.
Abduction of index finger is done by palmar interossi – supplied by ulnar nerve.
19. A
Radial bursa – encloses the tendon of FPL.
20. A
Superficial palmar arch is formed by superficial branch of ulnar artery. It is completed by superficial
palmar branch of radial artery. Lies distal to flexor retinaculum. Lies superficial to flexor tendons. Lies at
the level of distal palmar crease / distal border of outstretched thumb. It gives four common digital
branches & one proper digital branch. Supplies medial 31/2 fingers.
The thumb & lateral aspect of index finger is supplied by deep palmar arch.
21. E
Palmar introssi are unipennate, causes adduction of fingers. Dorsal are bipennate, causes abduction of
fingers. All the interossi are supplied by deep branch of ulnar nerve. They assist the lumbricals by flexing
MP joints & extending IP joints.
22. D
Fracture of mid-shaft of humerus, results in injury to radial nerve in spiral groove. Posterior cutaneous
nerve of FA is involved – so there is a loss of sensation of posterior aspect of FA.
ECRL is paralysed, so there is loss of extension of wrist joint. The lateral aspect of FA is supplied by
lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm, a branch of musculocutaneous nerve.
23. D
The posterior interosseous nerve is a branch on radial nerve in cubital fossa. Pierces the supinator
muscle & supplies all the muscles on back of FA except – BR & ECRL. It is a purely motor nerve and does
not supply the skin.
24. C
Adduction of thumb is done by adductor polices alone supplied by ulnar nerve. Hence this movement
will be affected. Flexion of thumb is done by FPL ( anterior interosseus nerve) & flexor polices brevis (
superficial head – median, deep head – ulnar nerve). Abducton is done by APL ( posterior interosseus
nerve) & APb ( median nerve). Extension of thumb is done by EPL & EPB ( posterior interosseus nerve).
25. E
Femoral sheath lies in femoral triangle. Formed anteriorly by fascia transversalis & posteriorly by fascia
iliaca. Has three compartments. Lateral contains femoral artery & femoral branch of genitofemoral
nerve, intermediate contains femoral vein. The medial compartment is empty called femoral canal. The
femoral nerve lies outside the femoral sheath.

26. C
Rectus femoris arises from anterior inferior iliac spine. It crosses hip joint. Thus it causes flexion of hip
joint. The three vasti arise from femur. Quadriceps femoris is inserted on the base of patella, further
continues as ligamentum patellae, inserted on tibial tuberosity. Thus it causes extension of knee joint.
So out of all quadriceps rectus femoris is the only one which causes flexion at hip & extension at knee
joint.
27. A
During extension, when the foot is on ground - the lateral condyle of femur articulates with lateral
condyle of tibia. But medial condyle of femur is larger in diameter. For complete articulation, it has to
undergo a medial rotation. This is locking of Knee Joint. ACL acts an axis around which femur rotates
during the final stages of extension ( Screw Home Position).
28. C
Ligament teres femoris is attached to transverse acetabular ligament & fovea capitis of femur.
It contains acetabular branch of obturator artery. In fetal life this artery supplies the head of femur.
Later it supplies the ligamentum teres itself.
29. C
Saphenous nerve is a sensory branch of posterior division of femoral nerve. It lies in femoral triangle,
crosses the femoral artery from lateral to medial side in adductor canal, pierces the fascia to become
cutaneous, accompanies the great saphenous vein, lies on medial aspect of leg & supplies the skin on
medial aspect of leg & foot upto ball of great toe. It is the largest cutaneous branch of femoral nerve.
The great saphenous vein pierces the cribriform fascia at the saphenous hiatus to enter the femoral
vein. Short saphenous vein accompanies the sural nerve.
30. B
Obturator nerve is formed by the ventral divisions of ventral rami of L2,3,4. Lies on medial side of psoas
major muscle. Emerges out through obturator foramen and is divided into anterior & posterior divisions
by obturator externus later separated by adductor brevis. The anterior division lies between adductor
longus & brevis & supplies both with gracialis, medial half of pectineus & hip joint.
The posterior division lies between brevis & magnus & supplies adductor magnus & obturator externus
& knee joint.
31. A
Tibial part of Sciatic nerve supplies hamstrings. Common peroneal part supplies short head of biceps
femoris. Sciatic nerve divides in popliteal fossa into Tibial nerve ( which supplies posterior compartment
of leg ) & common peroneal nerve ( which supplies anterior & lateral compartment).
Sartorius arises from ASIS, crosses hip joint, knee joint & is inserted on medial aspect of shaft of tibia.
Thus it causes flexion, abduction & lateral rotation of hip joint & flexion & medial rotation of knee joint.
Sartorius is supplied by anterior division of femoral nerve.

32. C
The long head of biceps arises from superomedial aspect of ischial tuberosity along with
semitendinosus. Short head arises from linea aspera of femur. Inserted in head of fibula. Causes
extension of hip joint & flexion & lateral rotation of knee joint.
Sartorius, gracialis & semitendinosus ( Guy ropes). are inserted on medial aspect of shaft of tibia. Thus
they cause medial rotation of knee joint.
33. D
Iliotibial tract is formed due to splitting of fascia lata ( modification of fascia lata). Below it is attached to
lateral condyle of tibia. Gluteus maximus & tensor fascia lata are inserted in iliotibial tract. It causes
abduction, flexion & medial rotation at hip joint & extension of knee joint.
34. E
Structures passing through greater sciatic foramen are – piriformis muscle, Superior gluteal nerves &
vessels, Inferior gluteal nerve & vessels, sciatic nerve, posterior femoral cutaneous nerve of thigh,
pudendal nerve, internal pudendal vessels, nerve to obturator internus & nerve to quadratus femoris.
The PIN structures emerge through greater sciatic foramen enters the gluteal region & enters the
perineum through lesser sciatic foramen. The tendon of obturator internus leaves through lesser sciatic
foramen.
35. C
Sciatic nerve is a branch of sacral plexus. Root value L4,5, S1,2,3. Emerges above the Piriformis. Lies
above Superior Gemellus, Obturator internus, Inferior Gemellus, Quadratus femoris & Adductor magnus
muscles ( Sciatic Bed). Lies lateral to ischial tuberosity. Obturator externus lies in medial compartment –
supplied by posterior division of obturator nerve.
36. D
The gluteus medius & minimus of right side are supplied by right superior gluteal nerve. They support
the pelvis on left side when the left foot is off the ground. Thus paralysis of right gluteus medius &
minimus will cause drooping of left side of pelvis when left foot is off the ground.
Superior gluteal nerve supplies gluteus medius, minimus & tensor fascia lata. The inferior gluteal nerve
supplies gluteus maximus.
37. A
The long head of biceps arises from superomedial aspect of ischial tuberosity along with
semitendinosus. Short head arises from linea aspera of femur. Inserted on head of fibula. Causes
extension of hip joint & flexion & lateral rotation of knee joint.
Sacrotuberous ligament is degenerated part of long head. Biceps femoris forms supero-lateral boundary
of popliteal fossa. Oblique popliteal ligament is the degenerated part of semimembranous muscle.
38. C

Boundaries of Popliteal fossa are –

Superomedial – semitendinosus, semimembranosus assisted by Sartorius & gracialis.
Superolateral – biceps femoris
Inferomedial – medial head of gastrocnemius
Inferolateral – lateral head of gastrocnemius.
Floor – popliteal surface of femur, capsule of knee joint, oblique popliteal ligament, popliteus muscle &
fascia covering popliteus muscle.
Contents – popliteal artery ( lies deepest, crosses fossa from medial to lateral side)
Popliteal vein
Sciatic nerve with its tibial & common peroneal nerves
Roof is formed by skin, superficial & deep fascias, short saphaneous vein & popliteal lymph nodes. Sural
nerve is a branch of tibial nerve
39. C
Common peroneal nerve is a branch of sciatic nerve given in popliteal fossa. It winds around neck of
fibula & divides into superficial & deep peroneal. Nerve is very commonly injured here. Deep peroneal
nerve supplies anterior & superficial peroneal nerve supplies lateral compartment.
40. D
Common peroneal nerve divides into superficial & deep peroneal. The deep peroneal supplies anterior
compartment of leg ( dorsiflexion of ankle joint lost) & lateral compartment ( eversion of foot lost).
Flexion of knee is done by hamstrings – supplied by sciatic nerve
Plantar flexion of ankle is done by posterior compartment of leg – supplied by tibial nerve
Extension of knee is done by quadriceps – supplied by femoral nerve
Medial rotation of tibia is done by semimembranosus & semitendinosus – supplied by tibial part of
sciatic nerve, Sartorius – anterior division of femoral nerve
41. B
Peroneus Longus.
It goes behind peroneus brevis till cuboid bone.
42. C
Tibial nerve supplies muscle of posterior compartment of leg. Causes plantar flexion & inversion.
So person cannot stand on toes, as plantar flexion is not possible. Injury to common peroneal/ deep
peroneal nerve results in foot drop. Sensations on dorsum of foot are supplied by superficial peroneal
except the first web space – supplied by deep peroneal nerve.
Eversion is done by muscles in lateral compartment – supplied by superficial peroneal nerve.
43. A

Medial plantar nerve (resembles to median nerve) supplies- abductor hallucis brevis, flexor digitorum
brevis, 1st lumbricle, flexor hallucis brevis and skin on plantar aspect of lateral 31/2 fingers.
Lateral plantar nerve (resembles to ulnar nerve) supplies – abductor digiti minimi brevis, 2nd, 3rd, 4th
lumbricles, flexor digitorum accessorius, adductor hallucis & flexor digiti minimi brevis, skin over lateral
aspect of 11/2 fingers.
44. C
Superficial inguinal lymph nodes consists of the following groups -
Upper Lateral Group
• Skin & fascia from the upper lateral part of thigh
• Gluteal region
• Back below the umbilicus.
Upper medial Group
• Anterior abdominal wall below the umbilicus
• Perineum including external genitalia EXCEPT Glans penis / clitoris.
• Anal canal below pectinate line
• Vagina below the hymen.
• Penile part of male urethra
• Supero lateral angle of uterus via round ligament.
Vertical Group
• Skin & fascia of lower limb ( Great Saphenous territory).
The short saphenous territory
45. E
The periphery of menisci are vascularized, Inner regions are less vascular, the horns are richly innervated
compared to rest, outer portion is covered by synovial membrane. Tibial attachment of menisci are
called Coronary ligament. Medial is C shaped, lateral is O shaped.
The medial meniscus is commonly ruptured, as it is firmly attached to capsule of knee joint & tibial
collateral ligament. Lateral meniscus is separated from capsule of knee joint by tendon of popliteus
muscle.
46. B
Tibialis Anterior.
47. B
Tibialis posterior winds around medial malleolus & is chiefly inserted into navicular tuberosity. It sends
slips to all tarsals & metatarsals except – talus, 1st & 5th metatarsal bone.
48. B

Manibrium articulates with clavicle – sternoclavicular joint. It articulates with first rib through costal
cartilage – first chondrosternal junction. It articulates with body of sternum - manibro-sternal joint /
angle of louis. It also marks the location of 2nd rib. The xiphoid process articulates with body of sternum
– xiphisternal joint. Xiphoid process may be cartilaginous / undergo ossification.
49. B
Typical ribs are 2nd – 10th. Atypical are 1st, 11th & 12th .
True ribs are attached to sternum through costal cartilage
Vertebro-sternal ribs – 1st – 7th , attached to vertebral bodies & sternum
Vertebro-chondral ribs – 8th – 10th , attached to vertebral bodies & costal cartilages
Vertebral / floating ribs – 11th & 12th, attached only to vertebral bodies.
50. E
Each IC space contains two anterior & one posterior IC vessels. Left superior IC vein ( formed by left 2nd,
3rd & 4th posterior IC veins) drains into left brachiocephalic vein. Posterior IC arteries in lower spaces are
branches of descending thoracic aorta. In the upper two spaces they are branches of – superior ICA –
branch of costocervical trunk – branch of 2nd part of subclavian artery. The neurovascular plane of
thorax lies between internal and transverse group of muscles.
51. C
Scaleneus posterior is attached to outer surface of second rib behind attachment of serratus anterior,
much anterior to the tubercle. Scaleneus anterior is attached to scalene tubercle of first rib. Head of first
rib has a complete facet which articulates with body of T1 vertebra. Scaleneus anterior separates
subclavian artery from vein. ( vein lies in front).
52. C

The line of pleural reflection begins behind sterno-clavicular joint. Lies in midline behind angle of Louis,
runs downwards, crosses to lateral border of sternum at 6th costal cartilage. Lies at level of 8th rib in
midclavicular line, 10th rib in midaxillary line & 12th rib in midscapular line.
53. D
The right lung has three lobes and 10 bronchopulmonary segments. The left has two lobes & 10/9
broncho-pulmonary segments. Right superior lobe contains 3 bronchopulmonary segments. Left
superior lobe has 5 bronchopulmonary segments. Pulmonary veins runs between the BP segments.
Veins are intersegmental.
54. D
Fibrous pericardium encloses the heart. It is continuous with the tunics of blood vessels.it is attached to
sternum by superior & inferior sterno-pericardial ligaments.
Parietal layer of serous pericardium fuses with fibrous pericardium. Nerve supply of both is phrenic
nerve. The visceral layer of serous pericardium encloses the heart and is continuous with parietal layer
where aorta & pulmonary trunk leave the heart & SVC & IVC enter the heart. Nerve supply of visceral
pericardium is sympathetic & vagus. Oblique sinus permits distension of left atrium during increased
blood flow to heart.
55. C
Phrenic nerve.
56. B
The left border of heart extends from 2nd left IC space, 2.5 mm from sternal margin obliquely
downwards to apex of heart.
Right border extends from right 3rd to 6th costal cartilage.
Inferior surface of heart is made of both ventricles separated by post IV groove which contains post IV
branch of right coronary artery & left coronary artery itself.
The right border consists of SVC, right atrium & IVC. The left border consists of pulmonary artery, arch of
aorta, left auricle & left ventricle.
57. E
Smooth part of right atrium shows the opening of SVC, IVC & coronary sinus.rough part shows structure
similar to teeth of comb – Musculae Pectinate. In the inter-atrial septum - Fossa ovalis is represented by
septum primum & limbus fossa ovalis by septum secondum. AV node lies in triangle of Koch.
Trabeculae carnae are seen in the walls of ventricles.
58. C
Coronary Sulcus is the one in which coronary sinus lie ie posterior AV groove. Along with it there is
anastomosis between right coronary & circumflex branch of left coronary.
Coronary sinus is formed by union of great cardiac vein with marginal vein. It opens into right atrium.

59. B
Contents of superior mediastinum includes –
Retrosternal – sternohyoid, sternothyroid & thymus
Intermediate – formation of SVC, arch of aorta & branches, phrenic & vagus nerves.
Prevertebral – trachea, oesophagus, left recurrent laryngeal nerve, thoracic duct, sympathetic chain.
60. C
Perihilar lymph nodes are content of middle mediastinum.
61. E
Oesophageal plexus is formed by vagus nerve & visceral branches of sympathetic trunk.
Cervical sympathetic chain is related to neck of first rib, medial to first posterior intercostal vein &
superior intercostal artery. Thoracic sympathetic trunk enters abdomen behind medial arcuate ligament.
The inferior cervical ganglion fuses with first thoracic to form Stellate ganglion. Greater splanchic nerve
is formed by T5 – T9 ganglia, T10-11 forms lesser splanchic & T12 forms least splanchic nerve.
62. D
Length of thoracic duct 38 – 45cm, Diameter – 5mm, Begins in the abdomen at T12 as cisterna chyli,
enters thorax through aortic opening of diaphragm, lies between aorta ( on left) & azygous vein ( on
right), Crosses from right to left side at T5, Opens at the junction of left IJV & left subclavian vein.
It drains -
• Left posterior intercostal LN of lower six spaces
• Left posterior mediastinal LN & posterior intercostal LN of upper six spaces
• From axilla through left subclavian trunk
• Lymph nodes of left half head & neck through left jugular trunk

• Left half of thorax ( left lung & left side of heart) through left broncho-mediastinal lymph trunk
• Right thorax, arm, head & neck are drained by right lymphatic duct.
63. C
In fetal life the azygous vein begins from IVC above the renal vein, this persists as avascular fibrous cord.
The union of right ascending lumbar & right subcostal vein commences as azygous vein. Enters the
thorax through aortic opening of diaphragm. Lies in the posterior mediastinum on the right side, arches
over the hilum of right lung and opens into SVC.
Tributaries –
a. Right Superior intercostal vein
b. Lower eight posterior intercostal veins
c. Right bronchial veins
d. Oesophageal veins from middle third
e. Hemiazygous vein
f. Accessory hemiazygous veins
64. B
Phrenic nerve is formed by ventral rami of C3,4,5. It lies on scaleneus anterior behind prevertebral
fascia. It is crossed anteriorly by suprascapular & transverse cervical artery. Goes anterior to lung root.
Supplies diaphragm from abdominal aspect.it is the sole motor supply to diaphragm. Also supplies
sensory supply to central part of diaphragm, pleura. It is a mixed nerve.
65. C
Greater splanchic nerve is formed from T5 – T9 sympathetic ganglia. Contains pre-ganglionic fibers. Lies
in posterior mediastinum. Enters abdomen behind lateral arcuate ligament. Relay in Coelic ganglia to
form coelic plexus. Lesser splanchic is formed from T10 – T11 ganglia & Least splanchic from T12
ganglia.
66. C
Vagus arises as rootlets in medulla. Lies in carotid sheath. Supplies muscles of larynx via recurrent
laryngeal nerve. Passes behind hilum of lung. The superior ganglion of vagus lies in middle compartment
of jugular foramen. The inferior ganglion lies above transverse process of atlas.
67. E
Diaphragm is supplied by phrenic nerve (C3,4,5). It is the muscle of inspiration. Shows opening of IVC at
T8, oesophagus with vagus at T10 & aorta, azygous vein & thoracic duct at T12.
68. B
Dorsal mesentry of oesophagus.

Diaphragm is derived from septum transversum, dorsal mesentry of oesophagus, body wall & pleuro-
peritoneal membranes. Muscles are derived from cervical nyotomes.
69. B
The aortico-pulmonary septum divides truncus arteriosus into ascending aorta & pulmonary trunk.
Unequal division ( septum shifts anterior & right) results in TOF. Failure of formation of septum results in
Persistant TA. Improper spiraling of septum results in TGA.
70. D
Persiste nce of dorsal aorta distal to 7th cervical intersegmental artery. Shortening of dorsal aorta
between 3rd & 4th arch arteries pulls the right dorsal aorta to left, thus leading to double aortic arch.
71. A
Intervertebral joints, pubic symphysis are secondary cartilaginous. Hip joint is ball & socket type.
Manubrio-sternal joint is primary/ secondary cartilaginous type.
72. A
Bones & cartilage are specialized connective tissue. Articular cartilage covers the articular surfaces of
bones – are hyaline. Pinna is elastic. Articular disc, menisci, Intervertebral disc are white fibro cartilage.
They are avascular ( derive nutrition by diffusion) and non nervous.
73. B
Ileum
Presence of villus – hence small intestine
Lymphoid tissue – therefore Ileum

74. C
Transitional epithelium
Multiple layers of cells – stratified
Top most layer are flat cells – hence aquamous.
Epithelium is stratified squamous non keratinized
75. C
Cardiac muscle .
Fibers are branched. Nucleus in centre. Intervertebral disc present.

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EXPLANATION- ANATOMY-I

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Boundaries of Popliteal fossa are –

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