WIRING SYSYTEM – HOUSES

Advantages of ring System:

i) Cost of wiring is less

ii) In case If one appliances get fuse, it does not
affect the operation of the other appliances.
iii) Each socket are of same size and fuse of
suitable rating.
iv) While installing a new appliances at home,
new line from the distribution box is not
required.

Advantages of Connecting in Parallel:

Each appliance gets 220 V & each appliance works
independently.
Limitations of appliances connecting in Series:
i) Due to appliances in series, the total resistance is
increased, reduce the current.
ii) If one appliance is switched off, others also
switched off.

ESSENTIAL COMPONENTS OF HOUSE WIRING SYSTEM:

1. FUSE: It works on the Principle of heating effect of current.

It is safety electrical device which is used to limit the current
in an electric circuit, in turn safeguard the electrical
appliances.
It is a short & thin piece of wire of uniform area of cross
section.

Characteristics:
low melting point & high resistance.
It is an alloy of tin & lead (Sn & pb). It has low melting point
& high resistivity.

Note: Why copper & aluminum is not suitable to make

fuse wires?
i) Has high melting point
ii) Thick wires having low resistance & low resistivity
more the thickness of a fuse wire, more the current can flow
in a wire.

Note: Fuse wire should be always connected in the LIVE

wire & in the beginning of the circuit. Because the fuse
may melt when a high current flows into a circuit, hence an
electrical appliances could be saved.
 2. CURRENT RATING OF A FUSE WIRE:

Depending on the electrical appliances, the thickness of a

fuse wire can be made.
 For light, fan, thin fuse wire is enough, as it requires
only 5A of current.

 A thick wire is used for heavy current consuming

appliances such as AC, geyser, Fridge, washing
machine. These electrical appliances require 15A of
current.

FORMULA:

The current rating of the fuse= I = P/V

(Total power consumption in the circuit) / voltage.
For Ex: A water pump rated 1.5KW, 220 V has a motor
which draws a current of 10.4 A .So in fuse, the current
rating should be 10.5 A.
Now a day instead of fuse, MCB is used. When an excess
current flows through a circuit, MCB falls down within 25
milli second. Again, MCB raised after repairing for its
normal function. Hence, use of MCB easier than FUSE
because it avoids the inconvenience of connecting a new
fuse wire & it is much safer and quick process.

3. SWITCH:

Switch is a ON-OFF device in a circuit which should be connected

in the LIVE wire.

Types of switches. Single Pole switch, Double pole switch.

  A single pole switch disconnects only the live wire from the
electrical appliance.
 Double pole switch disconnects both LIVE wire & the
neutral wire simultaneously.
 Dual control switches are used in STAIRCASES.

..

STAIR CASE WIRING:

  Why SWITCH must be connected in the LIVE wire?
If Switch is ON position, current can flow through a circuit.
But when Switch is in OFF position, we can do any repair work to
be done during this time without switching OFF the main power
supply. Now it is safe to touch the live wire.

SAFE PROTECTION WHILE USING A SWITCH:

A switch should never be touched with wet hands. If water

reaches the live wire, a layer will be formed and current will pass
to your hand and get shock.

EARTHING:
It is a 2-3-meter-deep hole is dug in the ground. The reason for
earthing is that due to some short circuit happens, excessive
current flows in the circuit and it will pass to the earth through the
earth wires.
It is always essential to earth an electrical appliance such as
geyser, fridge, washing machine, iron etc.

The reason is that if by mistake any fault arises due to break of

insulation or by any other forms, it will lead to shock. To avoid
this, it is better that all electrical appliance must be earthed.

a) High tension wires:

i) Low resistance ii) large surface area

Must be a thick wire (formed by No of thin wires

twisting them which are insulated from each other)
Large surface area radiates more heat energy to the
surrounding as compared to the thinner wire.

Safety Precautions:

Must avoid two major dangers.

i) A fire ii) An electrical shock

i) Fire is caused when over heating in the wire due to

various reasons due to short circuiting or poor insulation of
using the wire of low current capacity
ii) Electrical shock can be caused due to poor insulation &
touching appliances with wet hands, no earthing & no fuse
etc.

Precautions to be taken: :

a) Wires of good quality & should be checked periodically

b) Any appliances never be operated with wet hands
c) Each & every electrical appliances must be always
earthing
d) There must be proper local earthing near the KWH
meter.

THREE PIN PLUG & SOCKET:

The top pin is earthing & left pin for the LIVE and the right pin is
for the neutral.
Why the three pin is made longer & thick?
i) Made long so that earth connection is
made first which ensures the safety of
the user if the appliance is defective
ii) Made thick so that even by mistake it
can’t be inserted into the hole of the
socket of LIVE and neutral connection

The SOCKET:
The upper hole of the socket is for the earth
connection, the left is for neutral wire while the
right side of the hole is for live wire connection.

COLOUR CODING OF THE WIRES:

Wire Colour
Old convention New convention
LIVE Red Brown
NEUTRAL Black Light blue
EARTH Green Green/ Yellow.

High Tension Wires:

Each wire which is capable of withstanding a
specific value of current. If the current exceeds
this limit, the wire will burn due to excessive
heating. To avoid this, high tension wire should be
used to withstand higher current capacity.

A high-tension wire has low resistance & large

surface area and high melting point.
Large surface area of the wire thus radiates
more heat energy.
Safety Precautions while using ELECTRICITY:
Two major danger we come across.
i) A Fire ii) electric shock
i) Fire is due to overheating in the wire. To
avoid this we must use a wire higher
current capacity than the total current
which can flow into that wire.
ii) Electric shock can be caused due to
following ways
a) Poor insulation
b) Touching appliance with wet hands
c) no earthing of the appliance
d) no fuse provided.
To avoid this, a good insulation should be
done while connection of the wires and
periodically it should be checked.

Numericals :