PREFACE

A competitive exam is quite different from that of an ordinary examination because in competitive examination securing a
particular fixed percentage of marks is not just sufficient, but the candidate is to have an extra edge over the rivals.
Medical Entrance Examinations are the stepping stones to get India’s top medical institutes for a lot of aspiring candidates.
More than 6 Lakh candidates appear for the NEET exam every year which makes it even tougher to crack. To get admission
to your desired collage, you need to prepare hard for the examination. And, for that you need to be well familiar with the
pattern and syllabus of the exam.
With a view to make the student strong footed and thus help them come out with flying colors in Pre-Medical Examinations,
We have meticulously prepared the modules in such a way that the student will definitely find it interesting while studying
through the modules.
Introducing the first edition of ETOOS Comprehensive Study Material for NEET & AIIMS and various Medical Entrance
Examinations.
The material covers all the topics of vast syllabus of NEET & AIIMS. The chapters are strictly based according to the latest
NCERT syllabus and hence the chapters are divided into 11th and 12th.
The primary aim is to place before the students, the fundamental principles of the subject with clarity, simplicity, deeper
insight to understand problems with accurate definitions, explanations, simple but right approach to handle the problems.

The Salient features of this book are as follows:

(i) Based on the latest syllabus of NEET & AIIMS.
(ii) Contains complete study material. A student, who follows this book need not to refer any other reference book.
(iii) Theory given in each chapter is so much vast and illustrating that a student with zero or a few basics can also excel
the chapter.
(iv) Diagrams and tables are provided wherever necessary and are very well oriented.
(v) Points to point explanation of the topics are given.
(vi) A wide variety of Solved Examples and in text examples is given which helps in building the concepts stronger
and boost the confidence of the student in the chapter.
(vii) To provide clarity of the subject, the whole text is studded with “ETOOS Key Points” to highlight the important
concepts.
(viii) “ETOOS Tips and Formulas” are given after the theory part which covers almost all topics in a short and precise
manner giving students a quick recap of the chapter.
(ix) Ample amount of practice questions-
The exercises are divided into four portions:
Exercise-1: ‘Single Correct Objective Type’ questions of ‘NEET level’ are included in this exercise. It will help in making
a good command over the conceptual part of the chapter.
Exercise-2: ‘Single Correct Objective Type’ questions of ‘AIIMS level’ are included in this exercise. After solving this
exercise, students will get a broad thinking strategy and it will surely enhance the techniques to solve the
toughest questions.
Exercise-3: This exercise includes ‘Matrix Match type’ and ‘Assertion Reason type’ questions.
Exercise-4: (NEET & AIIMS Previous year questions)
To familiarize the prospective student with a wide variety of questions frequently asked in NEET/AIPMT and
AIIMS medical entrance examinations are given in this exercise.
(x) After the Exercise part, a ‘Mock Test’ paper is given in the end having miscellaneous questions of all types for self
evaluation of the students. This will let the students know their grip over the chapter and the students will get to
know where they stand.

(xi) In the end of every chapter, Hints & Solutions for the questions of Exercise as well as Mock Test are given.

(xii) The Two Color format is better to look and makes the book interesting while reading.

Every possible effort has been made to make the material informative and error free. It is our constant Endeavour
to serve you the best. Tremendous efforts and great teamwork have culminated in producing this comprehensive
study material.
We hope that this book will gratify your need and smoothen your path to success.
Contents
ELECTROSTATICS
THEORY ................................................................................................................... 1 – 69
TIPS & FORMULAS .................................................................................................. 70 – 74
SOLVED EXAMPLES ............................................................................................... 75 – 78
EXERCISE - I ............................................................................................................ 79 – 82
EXERCISE - II ........................................................................................................... 83 – 89
EXERCISE - III .......................................................................................................... 90 – 94
EXERCISE - IV ........................................................................................................ 95 – 102
MOCK TEST ........................................................................................................... 103 – 108
ANSWER KEY ....................................................................................................... 109 – 109
HINTS & SOLUTIONS ............................................................................................. 110 – 130

CAPACITANCE
THEORY ................................................................................................................ 131 – 157
TIPS & FORMULAS ................................................................................................ 158 – 160
SOLVED EXAMPLES ............................................................................................. 161 – 164
EXERCISE - I .......................................................................................................... 165 – 169
EXERCISE - II ......................................................................................................... 170 – 175
EXERCISE - III ........................................................................................................ 176 – 177
EXERCISE - IV ....................................................................................................... 178 – 183
MOCK TEST ........................................................................................................... 184 – 190
ANSWER KEY ....................................................................................................... 191 – 191
HINTS & SOLUTIONS ............................................................................................. 192 – 208
ELECTROSTATICS
CHAPTER
01
There are many ways of knocking electrons out of atoms. The simplest
is to rub two surfaces together.

“FRED HOYLE”

INTRODUCTION

E
lectromagnetism is, almost unarguably, the most important basic technology in the
world today. Almost every modern device, from cars to kitchen appliances to
computers, is dependent upon it. Life, for msot of us, would be almost unimaginable
without electromagetism. In fact, electromagnetism cuts such a wide path through
modern life that the teaching of electromagnetism has developed into several
different specialities. Initially electricity and magnetism were classified as
independent phenomena, but different specialities. Initially electricity and magnetism
were classified as independent phenomena, but after some experiments (we will
discuss later) it was found they are interrelated so we use the name
Electromagnetism. In electromagnetism we have to study basic properties of
electromagnetic force and field (the term field will be introduced in later section).
The electromagnetic force between charged particles is one of the fundamental
force of nature. WE being this chapter by describing some of the basic properties of
one manifestation of the electromagnetic force, the electrostatic force between
charges (the force between two charges when they are at rest) under the heading
electrostatics.
PHYSICS FOR NEET & AIIMS

ETOOS KEY POINTS

(i) (W P)ext can also be called as the work done by external agent against the electric force on a unit positive
charge due to the source charge.
(ii) Write both W and q with proper sign.

Properties
(i) Potential is a scalar quantity, its value may be positive, negative or zero.

joule
(ii) S.. Unit of potential is volt = and its dimensional formula is [M1L2T–3–1].
coulmb
(iii) Electric potential at a point is also equal to the negative of the work done by the electric field in
taking
the point charge from reference point (i.e. infinity) to that point.
(iv) Electric potential due to a positive charge is always positive and due to negative charge it is always
negative except at infinity. (taking V = 0).
(v) Potential decreases in the direction of electric field.
(vi) V = V1 + V2 + V3 + .......

USE OF POTENTIAL
If we know the potential at some point ( in terms of numerical value or in terms of formula) then we can find
out the work done by electric force when charge moves from point 'P' to  by the formula
Wep )p   = qVp

Ex. A charge 2C is taken from infinity to a point in an electric field, without changing its velocity. If work done
against electrostatic forces is –40J, then find the potential at that point.
W ext 40J
Sol. V= q = = –20 V
2C

Ex. When charge 10 C is shifted from infinity to a point in an electric field, it is found that work done by
electrostatic forces is –10 J. If the charge is doubled and taken again from infinity to the same point without
accelerating it, then find the amount of work done by electric field and against electric field.
Sol. Wext )  p = –wel) p = wel)p   = 10 J
because KE = 0
(Wext )  p
10J
 Vp = =
= 1V
20C 10C
So, if now the charge is doubled and taken from infinity then
w ext ) p
1=  or Wext ) P = 20 J  Wel )  P = –20 J
20C

Ex. A charge 3C is released from rest from a point P where electric potential is 20 V then its kinetic energy when
it reaches infinity is :
Sol. Wel = K = Kf – 0
 Wel)P = qVP = 60 J So, Kf = 60 J

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 ELECTROSTATICS

1. Electric Charge
Charge of a material body is that property due to which it interacts with other charges. There are two kinds of
charges-positive and negative. S.I. unit is coulomb. Charge is quantized, conserved, and additive.

2. Coulomb`s law
 1 q1q 2
Force between two charges F  rˆ r = dielectric constant
4 0 r r 2

Note : The Law is applicable only for static and point charges. Moving charges may result in magnetic
interaction. And if charges are extended, induction may change the charge distribution.

3. Principle Of Superposition
Force on a point charge due to many charges is given by
   
F  F1  F2  F3  .....
Note : The force due to one charge is not affected by the presence of other charges.

4. Electric Field or Electric Intensity or Electric Field Strength

(Vector Quantity)
In the surrounding region of a charge there exist a physical property due to which other charge experiences a
force. The direction of electric field is direction of force experienced by a positively charged particle and the
magnitude of the field (electric field intensity) is the force experienced by a unit charge.

 F
E  unit is N/C or V/m.
q

5. Electric field intensity due to charge Q


 F 1 Q
E  Lim  rˆ
q 0 0 q
0 4 0 r 2

6. Null point for two charges

If |Q1| > |Q2|

 Null point near Q2

Q1 r
x
Q1  Q2

(+) for like charges

(–) for unlike charges

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 ELECTROSTATICS

SOLVED EXAMPLE
Ex. 1 Two positrons (e+) and two protons (P) are kept on Ex. 2 For a spherically symmetrical charge distribution,
four corners of a square of side a as shown in figure. electric field at a distance r from the centre of sphere
The mass of proton is much larger than the mass of 
is E  kr 7 ˆr , where k is a constant. What will be the
positron. Let q denotes the charge on the proton as
volume charge density at a distance r from the centre
well as the positron then the kinetic energies of one
of sphere ?
of the positrons and one of the protons respectively
after a very long time will be – (A)  = 9k0r6 (B)  = 5k0r3
(C)  = 3k0r4 (D) =9k0r0
  q
Sol. By using Gauss law  E  dS   0
 E 4 r 
0

   4 r dr 
2

  E   4 r 2  
E  dS  
0 0
(Note : Check dimensionally that  r6)
2 2
q  1  q  1 
(A) 4   a  1   , 4   a  1    4 r 2 dr 
0 2 2 0

2 2  kr 7   4 r 2     k r 9  r 2 dr
0
q2 q2
(B) 2   a , 4 r dr
0 4 2  0 a kr 7 4 r 2   k 0 r 9   r 2 dr


q2 q2 Ex. 3 Four charges are placed at the circumference of a

(C) 4   a , 4   a dial clock as shown in figure. If the clock has only
0 0
hour hand, then the resultant force on a charge q0
q2  1  q2
placed at the centre, points in the direction which
(D) 2   a  1   , shows the time as :–
0 4 2  8 2  0 a
(A) 1:30
Sol. As mass of proton >>> mass of positron so initial (B) 7:30
acceleration of positron is much larger than (C) 4:30
proton. Therefore positron reach far away in very (D) 10:30
short time as compare to proton. Sol. (B)

Ex. 4 A small electric dipole is placed at origin with its

dipole moment directed along positive x-axis. The
direction of electric field at point (2, 22,0) is
(A) along z-axis
(B) along y-axis
 4 kq 2 2kq 2  kq 2 q2 1 (C) along negative y-axis
2Ke        Ke    1 (D) along negative z-axis
 a a 2 a 2 2 a 4 2

4kq 2 2kq 2 kq 2 q2  1 
    
 K  1  and
2  0 a 

e
 a a 2 a 2 4 2

kq22
kq qq22 Sol.
2K
2Kp p  00 
KKpp 
aa 22 88 22  0 aa

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PHYSICS FOR NEET & AIIMS

Exercise # 1 SINGLE OBJECTIVE NEET LEVEL

1. The law, governing the force between electric 8. Four charges are arranged at the corners of a square
charges is known as ABCD, as shown in the adjoining figure. The force
(A) Ampere's law (B) Ohm's law on the charge kept at the centre O is
(C) Faraday's law (D) Coulomb's law

2. When the distance between the charged particles

is halved, the force between them becomes
(A) One-fourth (B) Half
(C) Double (D) Four times

3. There are two charges +1 microcoulombs and +5 (A) Zero

microcoulombs. The ratio of the forces acting on (B) Along the diagonal AC
them will be (C) Along the diagonal BD
(A) 1 : 5 (B) 1 : 1 (D) Perpendicular to side AB
(C) 5 : 1 (D) 1 : 25 9. In the absence of other conductors, the surface
charge density
4. A charge q1 exerts some force on a second charge
(A) Is proportional to the charge on the conductor
q2. If third charge q3 is brought near, the force q1 of
and its surface area
exerted on q2
(B) Inversely proportional to the charge and
(A) Decreases directly proportional to the surface area
(B) Increases (C) Directly proportional to the charge and
(C) Remains unchanged inversely proportional to the surface area
(D) Increases if q3 is of the same sign as q1 and (D) Inversely proportional to the charge and the
decreases if q3 is of opposite sign surface area

5. Fg and F3 represents gravitational and electrostatic 10. A body can be negatively charged by
force respectively between electrons situated at a (A) Giving excess of electrons to it
distance 10 cm. The ratio of Fg/Fe is of the order of (B) Removing some electrons from it
(A) 1042 (B) 10 (C) Giving some protons to it
(D) Removing some neutrons from it
(C) 1 (D) 10–43
11. A charge q is placed at the centre of the line joining
6. The ratio of the forces between two small spheres two equal charges Q. The system of the three
with constant charge (a) in air (b) in a medium of charges will be in equilibrium, if q is equal to
dielectric constant K is
Q Q
(A) 1 : K (B) K : 1 (A)  (B) 
2 4
(C) 1 : K2 (D) K2 : 1 Q Q
(C)  (D) 
4 2
7. A soap bubble is given a negative charge, then its
radius 12. Inside a hollow charged spherical conductor, the
(A) Decreases potential
(A) Is constant
(B) Increases
(B) Varies directly as the distance from the centre
(C) Remains unchanged
(C) Varies inversely as the distance from the centre
(D) Nothing can be predicted as information is (D) Varies inversely as the square of the distance
insufficient from the centre

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 ELECTROSTATICS

Exercise # 2 SINGLE OBJECTIVE AIIMS LEVEL

1. Two point charges + 9e and +e are kept 16 cm. apart 7. Two infinite linear charges are placed parallel to each
from each other. Where should a third charge q be other at a distance 0.1 m from each other. If the linear
placed between them so that the system is in charge density on each is 5 C/m, then the force
equilibrium state : acting on a unit length of each linear charge will be
(A) 24 cm from + 9e (B) 12 cm from +9e (A) 2.5 N/m (B) 3.25 N/m
(C) 24 cm from + e (D) 12 cm from + e (C) 4.5 N/m (D) 7.5 N/m
2. Using mass (M), length (L), time (T) and current (A)
as fundamental quantities, the dimension of 8. Figures below show regular hexagon, the charges
permittivity is : are placed at the vertices. In which of the following
(A) ML–2T2A (B) M–1 L–3 T4 A2 cases the electric field at the centre is zero.
(C) MLT–2A (D) ML2T–1A2

3. Four charges are arranged at the corners of a square

ABCD as shown in the figure. The force on the
charge kept at the centre O will be :
(A) perpendicular to side AB
(B) along the diagonal BD
(C) along the diagonal AC
(D) zero

4. Two equal negative charges –q are fixed at point

(0, –a) and (0, a) on y–axis. A positive charge Q
is released from rest at the point (2a, 0) on the
x–axis. The charge Q will : (A) IV (B) III
(A) execute simple harmonic motion about the (C) I (D) II
origin
(B) move to the origin and remain at rest 9. An electron is projected as in figure with kinetic
(C) move to infinity energy K, at an angle  = 45° between two charged
(D) execute oscillatory but not simple harmonic plates. The magnitude of the electric field so that
motion the electron just fails to strike the upper plate,
should be greater than:
5. When charge is given to a soap bubble, it shows
(A) an increase in size
(B)sometimes an increase and sometimes a
decrease in size
(C) no change in size
(D) none of these K 2K
(A) (B)
qd qd
6. An electron of mass me, initially at rest, moves
through a certain distance in a uniform electric field K
in time t1. A proton of mass mp, also, initially at rest, (C) (D) Infinite
2qd
takes time t2 to move through an equal distance
in this uniform electric field. Neglecting the effect
of gravity, the ratio t2/t1 is nearly equal to :
(A) 1 (B) (mp/me)1/2
1/2
(C) (me/mp) (D) 1836

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PHYSICS FOR NEET & AIIMS

Exercise # 3 PART - 1 MATRIX MATCH COLUMN

1. Column–I shows graphs of electric potential V versus x and y in a certain region for four situations. Column–II
shows the range of angle which the electric field vector makes with poisitive x–direction
Column–I : V versus x, V versus y Column–II : Range of angle

(A) (P) 0 0    45 0

(B) (Q) 45 0    90 0

(C) (R) 90 0    135 0

(D) (S) 135 0    180 0

2. Two parallel metallic plates have surface charge densities 1 and 2 as shown in figure.

Column–I Column–II
(A) If 1 + 2=0 (P) Electric field in region III is towards right
(B) If 1 + 2 > 0 (Q) Electric field in region I is zero
(C) If 1 + 2 < 0 (R) Electric field in region I is towards right
(S) Nothing can be said

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 ELECTROSTATICS

Exercise # 4 PART - 1 PREVIOUS YEAR (NEET/AIPMT)

1. A charged wire is bent in the form of a semicircular 6. A charge q is located at the centre of a cube. The
arc of radius a. If charge per unit length is  coulomb/ electric flux through any face is
metre, the electric field at the centre O is
[CBSE AIPMT 2000] [CBSE AIPMT 2003]
  q q
(A) 2 a 2 (B) 4 2 a
0 0 (A) 6(4 ) (B) 6(4 )
0 0

(C) (D) zero 2 q 4 q
2 0 a (C) 6(4 ) (D) 6(4 )
0 0
2. A charge q is placed at the corner of a cube of side
a. The electric flux through the cube is
[CBSE AIPMT 2000] 7. An electric dipole has the magnitude of its chatge
q q as q and its dipole moment p. It is placed in a uniform
(A)  (B) 3 electric field E. If its dipole moment is along the
0 0
direction of the field, the force on it and its potential
q q energy are respectively [CBSE AIPMT 2004]
(C) 6 (D) 8
0 0
(A) 2 qE and minimum (B) qE and pE
3. A charge q µC is placed at the centre of a cube of a
side 0.1 m, then the electric flux diverging from each (C) Zero and minimum (D) qE and maximum
face of the cube is
[CBSE AIPMT 2001] 8. A bullet of mass 2 g is having charge of 2 µC.
6 4
q 10 q 10 Through what potential difference must it be
(A) 24 (B) 0 accelerated, starting from rest, to acquire a speed of
0
10 m/s ? [CBSE AIPMT 2004]
q 10 6 q 10 4
(C) 6 (D) 12 (A) 5 kV (B) 50 kV
0 0

(C) 5 V (D) 50 V
4. Identical charges (–q) are placed at each corners of
a cube of side b, then the electrostatic potential
energy of charge (+q) placed at the centre of the 9. As per this diagram a point charge +q is place at the
cube will be [CBSE AIPMT 2002] origin O. Work done in taking another point charge
4 2q 2 8 2q 2 –Q from the point A [coordinates (0, a)] to another
(A)  (B) point B [coordinates (a,0)] along the straight path
 0  0 b
AB is [CBSE AIPMT 2005]
4q 2 8 2q 2
(C)  (D) (A) Zero
3 0 b 4 0 b
Y
5. An electron is moving round the nucleus of a  qQ 1 
(B)  4 2  2a A
hydrogen atom in a circular orbit of radius r. The  0 a 
coloumb force F between the two is
[CBSE AIPMT 2003]
 qQ 1  a
e2 e2 (C)  4 2  .
(A) k r (B)  k r
 0 a  2 X
r3 r3 O B
e2 e2
(C) k rˆ (D)  k rˆ  qQ 1 
r3 r3
(D)  4 2  2a
1  0 a 
(where, k  )
4 0

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MOCK TEST
STRAIGHT OBJECTIVE TYPE
1. A point charge + Q is placed at the centroid of an equilateral triangle. When a second charge + Q is placed at
a vertex of the triangle, the magnitude of the electrostatic force on the central charge is 8 N. The magnitude
of the net force on the central charge when a third charge + Q is placed at another vertex of the triangle is:

(A) zero (B) 4 N (C) 4 2 N (D) 8 N

2. The electric field inside a sphere which carries a volume charge density proportional to the distance from the
origin  =  r ( is a constant) is :

 r3  r2  r2
(A) (B) (C) (D) none of these
4 0 4 0 3 0
3. A particle of charge - q & mass m moves in a circle of radius r around an infinitely long line charge of linear
charge density + . Then time period of revolution of charge will be :

m 4 2 m 3
(A) T = 2  r (B) T2 = r
2kq 2kq

1 2kq 1 m
(C) T = (D) T =
2r m 2r 2kq

1
where k=
4  0

4. An infinitely long plate has surface charge density . As shown in the fig, a point charge q is moved from A
to B. Net work done by electric field is:

 q (x  x ) q
(A) (B) (x  x )
2 0 1 2 2 0 2 1

q q
(C)
0 (x2  x1) (D)
0 (2  r + r)

5. Figure shows two large cylindrical shells having uniform linear charge densities + and – . Radius of inner
cylinder is ‘a’ and that of outer cylinder is ‘b’. A charged particle of mass m, charge q revolves in a circle of
radius r (where a < r < b). Then it's speed ‘v’ is : (Neglect gravity and assume the radii of both the cylinders
to be very small in comparison to their length.)

q 2 q
(A) (B)
2 0 m  0 m

q q
(C) (D)
 0 m 4 0m

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ANSWER KEY
EXERCISE - 1
1. D 2. D 3. B 4. C 5. D 6. B 7. B 8. C 9. C 10. A 11. B 12. A 13. D
14. C 15. B 16. A 17. A 18. B 19. D 20. C 21. B 22. B 23. B 24. A 25. C 26. C
27. B 28. D 29. C 30. C 31. C 32. D 33. B 34. D 35. A 36. B 37. D 38. D 39. B
40. B 41. D 42. C 43. A 44. B 45. C 46. A 47. D 48. A 49. C 50. B

EXERCISE - 2
1. B 2. B 3. B 4. D 5. A 6. B 7. C 8. B 9. C 10. B 11. D 12. C 13. B
14. B 15. C 16. B 17. A 18. D 19. D 20. C 21. B 22. A 23. A 24. C 25. A 26. A
27. C 28. C 29. B 30. A 31. C 32. B 33. A 34. D 35. B 36. A 37. B 38. A 39. A
40. D 41. B 42. B 43. A 44. A 45. B 46. B 47. B 48. C 49. D 50. D 51. D 52. B

EXERCISE - 3 : PART - 1
1. A S; B  P; C  R; D Q 2. A  R ; B R  C P
3. A P,R ; B  P,Q,S  C P,Q ; D  P,Q 4. A  P,Q ; B  P,Q ; C  P,Q,S; D R,S
5. A R; B R ; C  P 6. A  P,S; B Q,S ; C  Q,S ; D S
7. A Q ; B  P,S ; C  P,Q,R ; D  Q,R

PART - 2
1. C 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. B 6. C 7. B 8. C 9. D 10. B 11. B 12. A 13. A
14. D 15. D 16. D

EXERCISE - 4 : PART - 1
1. C 2. D 3. C 4. C 5. B 6. D 7. C 8. B 9. A 10. A 11. D 12. C 13. B
14. A 15. D 16. A 17. C 18. B 19. D 20. A 21. D 22. C 23. B 24. B 25. C 26. B
27. A 28. A 29. B 30. B 31. D 32. B 33. B 34. A 35. C 36. B

PART - 2
1. B 2. B 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. D 7. B 8. A 9. C 10. A 11. A 12. D 13. C
14. A 15. D 16. A 17. A 18. D 19. D 20. A 21. D 22. C 23. A 24. D 25. A 26. A
27. B 28. B 29. D 30. B 31. A 32. D 33. D

MOCK TEST
1. D 2. B 3. A 4. A 5. A 6. A 7. B 8. A 9. A 10. B 11. B 12. B 13. B
14. C 15. B 16. B 17. C 18. C 19. B 20 B 21. C 22. B 23. D 24. A
25. A  P,S; B  Q,S ; C  Q,S; D S 26. A P,Q ; B  P,Q ; C  P,Q,S; D  R,S,T
27. D 28. A 29. D 30. A

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 ELECTROSTATICS

HINTS & SOLUTIONS

EXERCISE - 1 Short Trick : For such type of problem the magnitude
NEET LEVEL of middle charge can be determined if either of the
1. (D) Coulomb’s law is used to calculate the force extreme charge is in equilibrium by using the following
between charges. formula.

1 2
2. (D) F  ; so when r is halved the force becomes four  x1 
r2 If charge A is in equilibrium then q = – Q B  
 x 
times.
2
3. (B) The same force will act on both bodies although  x2 
If charge B is in equilibrium then q  Q A  
their directions will be different.  x 

q1q 2 If the whole system is in equilibrium then use either of

4. (C) The force will still remain 4  r 2 the above formula.
0

5. (D) Gravitational force between electrons

12. (A) Inside the hollow sphere, at any point the potential
G(m e )2 is constant.
FG 
r2
e2 13. (D) The force is perpendicular to the displacement.
Electrostatics force between electrons Fe  k .
r2
14. (C) A movable charge produces electric field and
FG G(m e )2 6.67  10 11  (9 .1  10 31 )2 magnetic field both.
 
Fe k .e 2 9  10 9  (1 .6  10 19 )2  2.39  10 43

15. (B) Because current flows from higher potential to

q1 q 2 q1 q 2
6. (B) Fa  4  0 r 2
, Fb 
K 4  0 r 2
 Fa : Fb  K : 1 lower potential.

7. (B) Due to mutual repulsion of charges distributed on 16. (A) All charge resides on the outer surface so that
the surface of bubble. according to Gauss law, electric field inside a shell is
zero.
8. (C) We put a unit positive charge at O. Resultant force
due to the charge placed at A and C is zero and resultant
charge due to B and D is towards D along the diagonal 17. (A) The electric potential V ( x , y , z )  4 x 2 volt
BD.
 V
ˆ ˆ V ˆ V 
q Now E    i x  j y  k z 
9. (C) Surface charge density    
A
10. (A) Excess of electron gives the negative charge on V V V
Now x  8 x , y  0 and 0
body. z

11. (B) Suppose in the following figure, equilibrium of Hence E   8 xˆi , so at point (1m, 0, 2m)
charge B is considered. Hence for it’s equilibrium
| FA | | FC | E   8ˆi volt/metre or 8 along negative X-axis.

1 Q2 1 qQQ
 4  4 x 2  4 x 2  q  18. (B) Since potential inside the hollow sphere is same as
0 0 4
that on the surface.

19. (D) On the equipotential surface, electric field is normal

to the charged surface (where potential exists) so that
no work will be done.

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