Presence of Glucose and Protein in The Urine Samples of Alcoholics 1

Presence of Glucose and Protein in the Urine Samples of Alcoholics 1
CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM
Introduction
People who are affected with alcoholism are unable to control their obsession, including
both how much they drink and when they drink. Subsequently, this can lead to health problems
and/or issues at home or at work. Plenty of lifelong alcoholics find themselves alone and in poor
health.
The kidneys take out waste material, minerals, fluids, and other substances from the blood
to be passed in the urine. Urine has hundreds of different body wastes. What you eat and drink,
how much you exercise, and how well your kidneys work can affect what is in your urine.
A urine test checks different components of urine, a waste product made by the kidneys. A
regular urine test may be done to help find the cause of symptoms. The test can give information
about your health and problems you may have.
This study determines the presence of glucose and protein in the urine samples of
alcoholics. The researchers are interested to look into the possible causes that affect the formation
of glucose and protein in the urine of alcoholics. Through this study, the researchers can help
provide insights towards the possible contributors of these phenomena. Thus, this study was
conducted.
STATEMENTS OF THE PROBLEM
This study aims to determine the presence of glucose and protein in the urine samples of
alcoholics.
Specifically, it seeks to answer the following questions:
1. What is the demographic profile of the alcoholics in terms of their:
1.1 sex;
1.2 age;
1.3 frequency of drinking.
2. What is the percentage in the urine samples positive with glucose and protein?
3. Is there a significant relationship between:
3.1 sex and presence of glucose or protein;
3.2 age and presence of glucose or protein;
3.3 frequency of drinking and presence of glucose or protein?

Scope and Delimitation
This research focused on the presence of glucose and protein in the urine samples of
alcoholics. The respondents of this study are 50 individuals, 10 females and 40 males who often
drink alcoholic beverages for at least twice a week. The time frame for the preparation of the urine
samples when the experimental data conducted was prepared at least two hours before it was tested.
Significance of the Study
The findings of the study are beneficial to the following:
Alcoholics. This study will help them identify the possible causes of the presence of glucose and
protein in the urine due to too much drinking of alcoholic drinks.
Family members of alcoholics. This study can be used in assessing the possible health problems
that the alcoholics might encounter due to too much drinking.
Researcher. This study will be a significant endeavor in identifying the possible causes of the
presence of glucose and protein in the urine of alcoholics.
Other researchers. In order for them to acquire relevant information about the presence of glucose
and protein in the urine as a tool for conducting other researches.

Definition of Terms
To further understand this study, the following terms are defined on how it was used in
the study.
Sex. Either of the two main categories (male and female) into which humans and most other living
things are divided on the basis of their reproductive functions.
Age. The length of time that a person has lived or a thing has existed.
Frequency. The number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit of time.
Glucose. It is a simple sugar with the molecular formula C6H12O6. Glucose is the most
abundant monosaccharide and a subcategory of carbohydrates.
Protein. Are large biomolecules, or macromolecules, consisting of one or more long chains
of amino acid residues.
Alcoholic beverage. It is a drink that contains ethanol, a type of alcohol produced
by fermentation of grains, fruits, or other sources of sugar.
Alcoholism. It is a broad term for any drinking of alcohol that results in mental or
physical health problems.

CHAPTER II
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Independent Variable Dependent Variable
Too much intake Presence of

of alcoholic glucose and
drinks protein in the urine
Figure 1. Conceptual Paradigm
This study aims to determine the presence of glucose and protein in the urine samples of
terms
alcoholics.
HYPOTHESIS
There is a significant relationship between the presence of glucose and protein and urine
to too much intake of alcoholic drinks.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITE8RATURE
According to Delphi Behavioral Health Group, Alcoholism is the most severe form of
alcohol abuse and involves the inability to manage drinking habits. It is also commonly referred
to as alcohol use disorder. Alcohol use disorder is organized into three categories: mild, moderate
and severe. Each category has various symptoms and can cause harmful side effects. If left
untreated, any type of alcohol abuse can spiral out of control.
Individuals struggling with alcoholism often feel as though they cannot function normally
without alcohol. This can lead to a wide range of issues and impact professional goals, personal
matters, relationships and overall health. Over time, the serious side effects of consistent alcohol
abuse can worsen and produce damaging complications (Galbicsek, 2018).
A urinalysis is a simple test that looks at a small sample of your urine. It can help find
problems that need treatment, including infections or kidney problems. It can also help find
serious diseases in the early stages, like kidney disease, diabetes, or liver disease. A urinalysis is
also called a “urine test.” A urinalysis can help to detect many diseases before you feel symptoms.
Finding and treating a problem early can help keep serious diseases from getting worse.
According from the study conducted by the University of California, normally, the liver
releases glucose to maintain blood sugar levels. But when you drink alcohol, the liver is busy
breaking the alcohol down, so it does a poor job of releasing glucose into the bloodstream. This
lead to a drop in blood sugar levels if you are drinking alcohol on an empty stomach.
Each alcoholic beverage takes about 1-1 ½ hours to finish processing in the liver. For that
entire time, the risk of low blood sugar exists. So, if you have 2 drinks, you double that time to 2
to 3 hours that you are at risk for low blood sugar. The more alcohol consumed, the bigger the risk
for serious low blood sugar.

According to Un Med Center, alcoholic ketoacidosis (AKA) is a clinical syndrome seen
mostly in chronic alcoholics and frequently seen in patients who binge drink.
The etiology of Alcoholic ketoacidosis stems from the patient's inability to ingest, absorb
and utilize glucose from their diet. The vomiting and nausea prevent the patient from keeping
foodstuffs in the GI tract that can cross over and provide nourishment. The alcohol further
depressed gluconeogenesis in the body and keeps blood sugar levels low. An anxiety state and
alcohol withdrawal further exacerbate the patient's ability to eat. The lack of nutrients other than
alcohol causes the creation of ketones and an elevated gap ketoacidosis in the absence of diabetes.
Protein in urine can sometimes be a sign of kidney disease, as well as other health
problems. Along with fats and sugars, proteins form the major building blocks for our bodies. The
right amount of protein is important in our diets, for growth and repair. Protein is present in the
blood; healthy kidneys should only filter tiny (trace) amounts into the urine as most protein
molecules are too large for the filters (glomeruli). It is not usual to lose protein to the urine. When
this does happen it is known as ‘Proteinuria’. Several proteins can be found in the urine, but the
most relevant to kidney disease is albumin. Protein in the urine is not usually obvious, but can be
detected by a simple dip- stick test, or sometimes by more sensitive lab tests. The presence of
protein in the urine can act as a warning signal that not all is well with the kidneys.
Chronic alcohol consumption influences protein synthesis in various organs of the human
body. Specifically , the altered redox state with the generation of excess reduced NADH from
NAD+ via ethanol oxidation in the liver affects the” free energy” transfer potentially needed for
protein synthesis and urea production (D. Agarwal & H. Werner Goedde, 2012).
The upper limit of normal total urine protein excretion in healthy adults in 150 to 200
mg/day. The upper limit of normal albumin excretion is 30 mg/day. Most urinary protein consists
of Tamm-Horsfall protein, a glycoprotein that is formed on the epithelial surface of the thick
ascending limb of the loop of Henle and early distal convoluted tubule. Disruption of a large
amount of high-molecular-weight plasma proteins that overwhelm the limited capacity of tubular
reabsorption and cause protein to appear in the urine, resulting in glomerular proteinuria (Clarkson,
et al, 2010).
While alcohol supplies calories (a drink contains 300kJ, or 70-100kcal), these are devoid
of nutrients such as minerals, proteins, and vitamins. Alcohol can also interfere with absorption of
vitamins in the small intestine and decrease their storage in the liver with modest effects on folate
(folacin or folic acid), pyridoxine (B6), thiamine (B1), nicotinic acid (niacin B3) and vitamin A.
Chronic intake of modest doses of alcohol can have some beneficial effects. A maximum
of one to two drinks per day may decrease the risk for cardiovascular death, perhaps through an
increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol or changes in clotting mechanisms. (N.
Chhabra & S. Chhabra, 2012).
Although research dealing with nutritional status in alcoholics without liver disease has
been relatively sparse and only recently performed, there is a wealth of literature concerning
malnutrition in alcoholics with liver disease spanning the last 40-50 years. Studies by Patek and
co-workers in the 1940s reported poor dietary intake (especially with reference to protein), weight
loss, polyneuritis, and other evidence for malnutrition in alcoholic cirrhotics (R.E. Tarter & D.H.
Van Thiel, 2013).
Urine protein electrophoresis (UPE) can be highly informative as to the types of proteins
that are excreted under pathogenic conditions. Under normal circumstances, very little proteins is
lost in the urine that is excreted from the body and not reabsorbed. Whereas total protein in the
plasma is normally between 6 and 8 g/dL, the urinary protein concentration usually does not exceed
10-15 mg/dL. Therefore ther can be ~800 times as much protein in plasma as in urine, Furthermore,
such spot urine protein concentrations are no more than one-third to one-fourth the maximum
normal concentration of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein (e.g., the upper limit of the reference
interval for CSF protein is ~45 mg/dl) (Neil S. Harris, MD & William E. Winter, 2012).
CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the research design and methodology of the study which includes
respondents of the study, the research instrument procedure as well as the statistical treatment.
Research Design
The correlative research design was used to investigate, determine and describe the study.
This study dealt on individuals who drink alcoholic beverages at least twice a week.
Respondents of the Study
The respondents of the study were 10 individuals who drink alcoholic beverages at least
twice a week. There are four females and six males.
Locale of the study
The study was conducted at Purok Mabuhay Brgy. Avancena, Bo.3, Koronadal City, South
Cotabato.
Research Instrument Procedure
Since the researchers used a correlative research design. They applied the following steps:
1. The researchers selected 50 alcoholic individuals randomly to secure them as respondents
of the study.
2. The urine samples from the respondents was gathered an hour before conducting the data
analysis.
3. The researchers collected the result from the experiments conducted.
4. The results were weighted, tabulated, analyzed and interpreted.

Statistical treatment
The researchers utilized the weighted mean, frequency and percentage distribution to
answer problems 1 and 2. Multiple regressions were used to determine the significant relationship
of the problems.
CHAPTER IV
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
This chapter analyses, interprets, and presents the data gathered. It also includes the
findings, conclusions and recommendations of this research. Thus, the tabular presentations
and discussions were organized based on each of the problem stated in the first chapter of
the study.
Table 1
Profile of the Participants
(n=50)
Indicators f %
Sex:
Male 40 80%
Female 10 20%
Total: 50 100%
Age:
Below 40 33 68%
Above 41 17 32%
Total: 50 100%
Frequency:
3 Times Below 46 92%
4 Times Above 4 8%
Total: 50 100%
Table 1 presents the profile of the participants using the following indicators; sex, age and
frequency of alcoholic beverages intake.
According to the table shown above, the samples are composed of 50 participants
(100%) who are considered as alcoholic individuals. They are divided according to their
sex, age and frequency of drinking. All in all there are forty males and ten females.
Participants who have the age of forty-one and above are sixteen while those who are
forty and below numbers thirty-four. In terms of the frequency of drinking, participants who
drink three times and below numbers forty-six while those who drink four times and above
numbers only four.
Table 2
Profile of Urine Samples
(n=50)
Glucose Albumin Bile
Indicators + % - % + % - % + % - %
Sex Male 40 80% 0 0 0 0 40 80% 0 0 40 80%
Female 10 20% 0 0 0 0 10 20% 0 0 10 20%
Total 50 100% 0 0 0 0 50 100% 0 0 50 100%
Indicators + % - % + % - % + % - %
40 and
Age 33 66% 0 0 0 0 33 66% 0 0 33 66%
below
41 and
17 34% 0 0 0 0 17 34% 0 0 17 34%
above
Total 50 100% 0 0 0 0 50 100% 0 0 50 100%
Indicators + % - % + % - % + % - %
3x a week
Frequency and below 46 92% 0 0 0 0 46 92% 0 0 46 92%
4x a week
4 8% 0 0 0 0 4 8% 0 0 8 8%
and above
Total 50 100% 0 0 0 0 50 100% 0 0 50 100%

Table 2 shows the profile of urine samples according to the following indicators namely:
sex, age and frequency of beverage intake.
For sex, the presence of glucose for 40 males as well as to the 10 females in a
total of one hundred percent of the participants are all positive. On the other hand, the
presence of albumin the same us to the presence of bile for 40 males and 10 females all
in all one hundred percent of the participants are all negative.
In terms of age, according to the table above, the presence of glucose for
participants that ages 41 and above as well as those who ages 40 and below are 100%
positive. While again the presence of albumin and the presence of bile for all participants
ages 41 up and 40 below are 100% negative.
For the frequency of drinking, the table shows that 100% of both participants
who drink alcohol 3 times below and 4 times above in a week are all positive with the
presence of glucose and again, 100% of the participants are negative for the presence
of albumin and bile in their urine samples.
Table 3
Summary table for Phi Correlation
x y r df tcomp t-test at Decision

5%
Presence of 0 49 0 0 Accept
Glucose Ho
sex Albumin Ho
Bile Ho
Presence of Accept
Glucose 0 49 0 0 Ho
age
Albumin Ho
Bile Ho
Glucose Ho
frequency
Albumin Ho
Bile Ho
Table 3 shows that using the Phi Coefficient of Correlation, the result in each
indicator categories namely; sex, age and frequency is 0 therefor the decision is
to accept the null hypothesis because there is no significant relationship between
the presence of the said substances to the urine samples of the alcoholics.
Chapter V
FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter holds the summary of the findings, conclusions, and recommendations based
on the result of the gathered data in accordance to the study.
A. Summary of Findings:
Based on the interpretation of the data gathered the following are the summarized findings:
1. Table 1 provides the profile of participants who are considered alcoholics because of the
amount of alcohol they take per week. They have a total of 50 individuals. The participants are
divided into three categories of classifications which is according to their sex, age and their
frequency of drinking alcoholic beverages.
Under the category of sex, the participants are composed of 40 males and 10 females. For the
category under age, the participants are divided into those who ages 40 and below and 41 and
above. The last category is the frequency of drinking, the participants again are divided to those
who drink 3 time below and 4 times above per week.
2. Table 2 presents the result of the experiment for the presence of glucose, albumin and bile
in the urine samples.
The result shows that 100% of the participants both male and female are positive with the
presence of glucose in their urine samples but 100% of them are negative for the presence of
albumin and bile. Similar to the category for sex, in terms of age and the frequency of drinking,
100% of the participants are positive with the presence of glucose but 100% negative with the
presence of albumin and bile in their urine samples.

3. Table 3 shows that using the Phi Correlation, the result came out is zero therefor there is no
significant relationship between the presence of glucose, albumin and bile to the urine samples of
the participants under the category their sex, age and frequency of drinking.
B. Conclusion
Based on the findings of the study, the researchers concluded that there is no significant
relationship between alcohol intake and the presence of glucose, albumin and the bile to the urine.
This means that the presence of the three substances in the urine are not affected by the amount of
alcohol that a person consume. Though the glucose are all positive, the researchers concluded that
due a 100% result, it may resulted from the other foods or drinks that the participants are
consuming. The statement testifies by the result on table 2 and 3 corresponding to the presence of
glucose, albumin and bile to the urine.
C. Recommendations
Based on the conclusion and result of the study, the following recommendations were drawn:
1. Though there is no significant relationship between the presence of glucose and protein to
the urine of alcoholics, those who choose to drink alcoholic beverages should do so
sensibly and in moderation—defined as the consumption of up to one drink per day for
women and up to two drinks per day for men.
2. Alcoholic beverages should not be consumed by some individuals, including those who
cannot restrict their alcohol intake, women of childbearing age who may become pregnant,
pregnant and lactating women, children and adolescents, individuals taking medications
that can interact with alcohol, and those with specific medical conditions.
3. Alcoholic beverages should be avoided by individuals engaging in activities that require
attention, skill, or coordination, such as driving or operating machinery.

References:
Galbicsek C. (2018)… What is Alcoholism?. South Orange Avenue, Suite 1450. 2019.
Retrieved from https://www.alcoholrehabguide.org/alcohol/
National Kidney Foundation, Inc. (2016),… What is a Urinalysis (also called a "urine test")?,
30 East 33rd Street, New York, NY 10016, 2019. Retrieved from
https://www.kidney.org/atoz/content/what-urinalysis
Kennedy M.N. (2018)… Diabetes and Alcohol. Diabetes Teaching Center at the University of
California, San Francisco. 2019. Retrieved from https://dtc.ucsf.edu/living-with-
diabetes/diet-and-nutrition/diabetes-alcohol/
Howard R. and Bokhari S. (2018)… Alcoholic Ketoacidosis (AKA). Tulane Un, Un Med Center
New Orleans. 2019. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430922/
Hall N. (2013). Kidney Research UK. Peterborough. 2019 Retrieved from

https://www.kidneyresearchuk.org/health-information/proteinuria
Agarwal D. and Goedde H. (2012). Alcohol Metabolism, Alcohol Intolerance, and Alcoholism:
Biochemical and Pharmacogenetic Approaches. Springer Science & Business Media.
Clarkson M., Brenner B. and Magee C. (2010) Pocket Companion to Brenner and Rector's The
Kidney E-Book. Publisher Elsevier Health Sciences.
Chhabra N. and Chhabra S. (2012) A Case Oriented Approach Towards Biochemistry. JP
Medical Ltd.
Tarter R.E. and Thiel D.H. (2013. Alcohol and the Brain: Chronic Effects. Springer Science &
Business Media.
Harris N. and Winter W. (2012) Multiple Myeloma and Related Serum Protein Disorders:
An Electrophoretic Guide. Demos Medical Publishing.

APPENDIX
RAW DATA
Frequency
Respondents Age Sex Glucose Albumin Bile
(per week)
A
A1 46 M 3x + - -
A2 30 F 3x + - -
A3 19 M 3x + - -
A4 40 M 3x + - -
A5 46 F 3x + - -
A6 31 M 4x + - -
A7 26 F 3x + - -
A8 37 M 3x + - -
A9 21 F 3x + - -
A10 43 M 3x + - -
B
B1 23 F 2x + - -
B2 49 M 3x + - -
B3 25 M 2x + - -
B4 22 M 2x + - -
B5 27 M 2x + - -
B6 45 M 2x + - -
B7 43 F 3x + - -
B8 28 M 3x + - -
B9 46 M 2x + - -
B10 22 M 3x + - -
C
C1 42 M 3x + - -
C2 44 M 2x + - -
C3 23 M 2x + - -
C4 24 M 2x + - -
C5 25 M 2x + - -
C6 30 M 2x + - -
C7 46 M 3x + - -
C8 25 M 2x + - -
C9 42 M 2x + - -
C10 39 M 2x + - -
D
D1 40 M 3x + - -
D2 46 M 3x + - -
D3 41 M 3x + - -
D4 27 M 3x + - -
D5 25 M 3x + - -
D6 27 M 3x + - -
D7 22 M 2x + - -
D8 22 F 3x + - -
D9 22 F 3x + - -
D10 25 F 3x + - -
E
E1 56 M Daily + - -
E2 32 M Daily + - -
E3 43 M 2x + - -
E4 67 M 2x + - -
E5 29 M 2x + - -
E6 37 F 1x + - -
E7 52 M 2x + - -
E8 42 M Daily + - -
E9 33 M 1x + - -
E10 30 M 2x + - -
COMPUTATIONS
PHI COEFFICIENT OF CORRELATION
SEX
Glucose
AGE Positive Negative Total

t-test
40 and
40 (a) 0 (b) 40 (e)
below 𝑁−2
41 and 𝑡 = 𝑟√
10 (c) 0 (d) 10 (f) 1 − 𝑟²
above
total 50 (g) 0 (h) 50
50 − 2
𝑡 = 0√
1 − 0²
Θ = ad-bc
48
√𝑒𝑓𝑔ℎ 𝑡 = 0√
1
Θ = (40)(0)-(0)(10)
𝑡 = 0(6.92820323)
√(40)(10)(50)(0)
t=0
Θ= 0
Decision: Accept HΘ
√𝟎
Θ=0
Albumin
AGE Positive Negative Total

t-test
40 and
0 (a) 40 (b) 40 (e)
below
𝑁−2
41 and 𝑡 = 𝑟√
0 (c) 10 (d) 10 (f) 1 − 𝑟²
above
total 0 (g) 50 (h) 50
50 − 2
𝑡 = 0√
1 − 0²
Θ = ad-bc
√𝑒𝑓𝑔ℎ 48
𝑡 = 0√
1
Θ = (0)(10)-(40)(10)
√(40)(10)(0)(50) 𝑡 = 0(6.92820323)
Θ= 0 t=0
√𝟎 Decision: Accept HΘ
Θ=0
Bile
AGE Positive Negative Total t-test

40 and
0 (a) 40 (b) 40 (e) 𝑁−2
below 𝑡 = 𝑟√
41 and 1 − 𝑟²
0 (c) 10 (d) 10 (f)
above
total 0 (g) 50 (h) 50 50 − 2
𝑡 = 0√
1 − 0²
Θ = ad-bc 48
𝑡 = 0√
Θ = (0)(10)-(40)(10) 𝑡 = 0(6.92820323)
√(40)(10)(0)(50) t=0
Θ= 0 Decision: Accept HΘ
√𝟎
Θ=0
AGE
Glucose
SEX Positive Negative Total t-test
Male 33 (a) 0 (b) 33 (e) 𝑁−2

Female 17 (c) 0 (d) 17 (f) 𝑡 = 𝑟√
1 − 𝑟²
total 50 (g) 0 (h) 50
50 − 2
𝑡 = 0√
1 − 0²
Θ = ad-bc
√𝑒𝑓𝑔ℎ
48
𝑡 = 0√
Θ = (33)(0)-(0)(17) 1
√(33)(17)(50)(0) 𝑡 = 0(6.92820323)
Θ= 0 t=0
Θ=0
Albumin
SEX Positive Negative Total t-test

Male 0 (a) 33 (b) 33 (e)
Female 0 (c) 17 (d) 17 (f) 𝑁−2
𝑡 = 𝑟√
0 (g) 50 (h) 50 1 − 𝑟²
total
50 − 2
𝑡 = 0√
1 − 0²
Θ = ad-bc
𝑡 = 0√
1
Θ = (0)(17)-(33)(0)
√(33)(17)(0)(50) 𝑡 = 0(6.92820323)
Θ= 0 t=0
Θ=0
Bile
SEX Positive Negative Total

t-test
Male 0 (a) 33 (b) 33 (e)
Female 0 (c) 17 (d) 17 (f) 𝑁−2
total 0 (g) 50 (h) 50 𝑡 = 𝑟√
1 − 𝑟²
Θ = ad-bc 50 − 2
𝑡 = 0√
1 − 0²
√𝑒𝑓𝑔ℎ
Θ = (0)(17)-(33)(0) 𝑡 = 0√
48
1
√(33)(17)(0)(50)
𝑡 = 0(6.92820323)
Θ= 0
√𝟎 t=0
Θ=0 Decision: Accept HΘ

FREQUENCY (per week)
Glucose
FREQUENCY Positive Negative Total

t-test
3x a week
46 (a) 0 (b) 40 (e)
and below
𝑁−2
4x a week 𝑡 = 𝑟√
4 (c) 0 (d) 10 (f) 1 − 𝑟²
and above
total 50 (g) 0 (h) 50
50 − 2
𝑡 = 0√
1 − 0²
Θ = ad-bc 48
𝑡 = 0√
Θ = (46)(0)-(0)(4)
𝑡 = 0(6.92820323)
√(46)(4)(50)(0)
t=0
Θ= 0
Θ=0
Albumin

t-test
3x a week
0 (a) 46 (b) 46 (e)
and below 𝑁−2
4x a week 𝑡 = 𝑟√
0 (c) 4 (d) 4 (f) 1 − 𝑟²
and above
total 0 (g) 50 (h) 50 50 − 2
𝑡 = 0√
1 − 0²
Θ = ad-bc
𝑡 = 0√
1
Θ = (0)(4)-(46)(0)
𝑡 = 0(6.92820323)
√(46)(4)(0)(50)
t=0
Θ= 0
Θ=0
Bile

3x a week t-test
0 (a) 46 (b) 46 (e)
and below
4x a week 𝑁−2
0 (c) 4 (d) 4 (f) 𝑡 = 𝑟√
and above 1 − 𝑟²
total 0 (g) 50 (h) 50
50 − 2
𝑡 = 0√
1 − 0²
Θ = ad-bc
𝑡 = 0√
1
Θ = (0)(4)-(46)(0)
√(46)(4)(0)(50) 𝑡 = 0(6.92820323)
t=0
Θ= 0
Θ=0

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about your health and problems you may have.

STATEMENTS OF THE PROBLEM

Specifically, it seeks to answer the following questions:

1. What is the demographic profile of the alcoholics in terms of their:

1.3 frequency of drinking.

3. Is there a significant relationship between:

3.1 sex and presence of glucose or protein;

3.2 age and presence of glucose or protein;

3.3 frequency of drinking and presence of glucose or protein?

Scope and Delimitation

Significance of the Study

The findings of the study are beneficial to the following:

protein in the urine due to too much drinking of alcoholic drinks.

that the alcoholics might encounter due to too much drinking.

presence of glucose and protein in the urine of alcoholics.

and protein in the urine as a tool for conducting other researches.

things are divided on the basis of their reproductive functions.

Frequency. The number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit of time.

abundant monosaccharide and a subcategory of carbohydrates.

of amino acid residues.

Alcoholic beverage. It is a drink that contains ethanol, a type of alcohol produced

by fermentation of grains, fruits, or other sources of sugar.

physical health problems.

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Too much intake Presence of

Figure 1. Conceptual Paradigm

to too much intake of alcoholic drinks.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITE8RATURE

untreated, any type of alcohol abuse can spiral out of control.

abuse can worsen and produce damaging complications (Galbicsek, 2018).

for serious low blood sugar.

According to Un Med Center, alcoholic ketoacidosis (AKA) is a clinical syndrome seen

increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol or changes in clotting mechanisms. (N.

Chhabra & S. Chhabra, 2012).

Van Thiel, 2013).

Respondents of the Study

twice a week. There are four females and six males.

Locale of the study

Research Instrument Procedure

1. The researchers selected 50 alcoholic individuals randomly to secure them as respondents

3. The researchers collected the result from the experiments conducted.

4. The results were weighted, tabulated, analyzed and interpreted.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

frequency of alcoholic beverages intake.

numbers only four.

Glucose Albumin Bile

Sex Male 40 80% 0 0 0 0 40 80% 0 0 40 80%

Female 10 20% 0 0 0 0 10 20% 0 0 10 20%

Total 50 100% 0 0 0 0 50 100% 0 0 50 100%

Glucose Albumin Bile

Glucose Albumin Bile

Total 50 100% 0 0 0 0 50 100% 0 0 50 100%

sex, age and frequency of beverage intake.

in all one hundred percent of the participants are all negative.

ages 41 up and 40 below are 100% negative.

of albumin and bile in their urine samples.

x y r df tcomp t-test at Decision

to accept the null hypothesis because there is no significant relationship between

FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

on the result of the gathered data in accordance to the study.

frequency of drinking alcoholic beverages.

who drink 3 time below and 4 times above per week.