BIOCHEMISTRY (MULTIPLE CHOICES)

Question1 b. Is the same as its mirror image

A reaction with a delta G of zero:
a. Requires energy c. Is spontaneous c. Is inorganic

b. Is at equilibrium d. None of the above d. Contains a sulfur atom

Question2 Question11
A solution with a pH of 5 is: A zwitterion ________________.
a. Acidic c. Neutral a. Has a positive charge c. Overall, has no charge

b. Basic d. None of the above b. Has a negative charge d. All of the above
Question12
Question3
All amino acids contain both a(n) ______ and a(n)
Alcohols contain a _________ group.
________ group.
a. Hydroxyl c. Phenol
a. Hydrogen, carbohydrate c. Sulfur, amine
b. Sulfur d. None of the above
b. Amine, carboxylic acid d. None of the above
Question4 Question13
Biologically important noncovalent bonds include: Essential amino acids:
a. Van der Waals interactions a. Are made by organisms c. Are made from DNA
b. Hydrogen bonds b. Must be obtained from d. Include proline
c. Electrostatic interactions dietary sources
Question14
d. All of the above The first reaction of amino acid degradation is?
Question5 a. Deamination c. Cyclization
Entropy is ______________.
a. The degree of disorder of a system b. Decarboxylation d. None of the above
Question15
b. The degree of energy of a system The only amino acid without a chiral center is
c. A type of noncovalent bond _____________.
a. Proline b. Methionine c. Alanine d. Glycine
d. A type of covalent bond
Question16
Question6 There are ______ common amino acids.
The DNA of a eukaryotic cell is stored within the
_____________. a. 15 b. 25 c. 20 d. 10
a. Lysosome c. Ribosome Question17
______ is the initiating amino acid of most newly
b. Nucleus d. Endoplasmic Reticulum synthesized proteins.
Question7 a. Proline b. Alanine c. Glycine d. Methionine
The term "kinetics" refers to:
Question18
a. The energy required for a reaction _____________ is an example of a hydrophilic amino acid.
b. The disorder of a system a. Lysine b. Leucine c. Methionine d. Tryptophan
Question19
c. The speed at which a reaction will occur
_____________ is an example of a hydrophobic amino
d. The pH of a solution acid.
Question8 a. Glutamic acid b. Lysine c. Arginine d. Leucine
______ is the process by which the information in DNA is Question20
transferred to RNA. Nonessential amino acids are:
a. Translation c. Transcription a. Provided in the diet c. Both A and B
b. Replication d. Ubiquitination b. Synthesized by mammals d. None of the above
Question9 Question21
The strongest bonds that are present in biochemical A(n) _________ is a short protein tag that attaches to and
compounds are ______________. targets proteins for degradation.
a. Ionic bonds c. Hydrogen bonds a. Peptide b. Ubiquitin c. Alanine d. Urea
b. Covalent bonds d. Van der Waals Question22
interactions Protein secondary structures include:
Question10 a. Loops c. beta sheets
A chiral compound _________________.
b. alpha helices d. All of the above
a. Is non-superimposable on its mirror image
Question23 d. None of the above
Protein synthesis is carried out by __________.
Question34
a. Mitochondria b. Chromosomes kcat refers to _________________.
c. Ribosomes d. Lysosomes a. The maximum rate at which an enzyme can convert
Question24 substrate to product
The amino acid _______ places certain constraints on the b. The maximum amount of product produced in a
protein backbone. reaction
a. Leucine b. Alanine c. Proline d. Glycine
c. The free energy of a reaction
Question25
The difference between a peptide and a protein is d. None of the above
____________. Question35
a. Length c. Subunits Kinases are enzymes that add a(n) _____ group to proteins.
b. Bond formation d. All of the above a. Hydrogen c. Phosphoryl
Question26 b. Nitrogen d. Alcohol
The formation of a dimer refers to a protein’s ___________. Question36
a. Primary structure c. Secondary structure The rate of an enzymatic reaction can be regulated by
__________.
b. Tertiary structure d. None of the above
a. pH c. Concentration
Question27
The tertiary structure of a protein refers to its __________. b. Temperature d. All of the above
a. Overall 3D shape c. Amino acid sequence Question37
_______ are derived from vitamins and are necessary for
b. Multisubunit composition d. None of the above the function of some enzymes.
Question28 a. Helicases c. Carbohydrates
The ______ carries out protein degradation.
b. Cofactors d. None of the above
a. Proteosome c. Ribosome
Question38
b. Lysosome d. Chromosome ________ is an example of a post translational modification
Question29 of a protein.
________ aid in protein folding. a. Acetylation c. Ubiquitination
a. Chromosomes c. Proteosome b. Phosphorylation d. All of the above
b. Chaperones d. None of the above Question39
Question30 Enzymes act as catalysts to ___________________.
Amino acids are linked by a(n) _______ bond to form a a. Decrease the activation energy of a reaction
protein.
b. Increase the rate of a reaction
a. Hydrophobic c. Ionic
c. Mediate the conversion of substrate to product
b. Peptide d. All of the above
Question31 d. All of the above
Each of the following is one of the six classes of enzyme Question40
catalysts, except: An important product of glycolysis is ____________.
a. Ligases c. Transferases a. Glucose c. Lectins
b. Kinases d. Isomerases b. ATP d. Both A and B
Question32 Question41
Enzymes within metabolic pathways can be regulated by Carbohydrates are also known as ____________.
____________. a. Sugars b. Starches c. Fats d. A and B
a. Allosteric enzymes Question42
b. Post translational modifications Carbohydrates are commonly used as ___________.
a. A source of energy c. A source of nitrogen
c. Localization
b. An amino acid source d. None of the above
d. All of the above
Question43
Question33 Disaccharides are formed by ______________.
In competitive inhibition, the competitor binds to
________________. a. The condensation of two monosaccharides
a. The substrate b. Hydrolysis of a polysaccharide
b. The substrate binding site c. Both A and B
c. Distant to the substrate binding site d. Neither A or B
 b. Looped d. A-form helix
Question44
In animals, the process of gluconeogenesis occurs in the Question55
__________. In the cell, _____ is used as energy currency.
a. Fat b. Liver c. Spleen d. Gall bladder a. UTP b. Fat c. ATP d. AMP
Question45
Lectins are ____________. Question56
The correct pairing of bases in DNA is __________.
a. DNA binding proteins
a. A-G; C-T c. A-T; C-G
b. Lipid binding proteins
b. A-C; G-T d. A-U; C-G
c. Carbohydrate binding proteins Question57
d. None of the above The DNA chromosome of bacteria consists of
___________.
Question46
Protein glycosylation takes place in the ____________. a. A circular double stranded DNA
a. Nucleus c. Golgi apparatus b. A circular single stranded DNA
b. Cell membrane d. Lysosome c. A linear double stranded DNA
Question47 d. A linear single stranded DNA
Starch is an example of a ___________.
Question58
a. Monosaccharide c. Polysaccharide What is the base that is used by RNA but not DNA?
b. Disaccharide d. Trisaccharide a. Guanine c. Thymine
Question48 b. Uracil d. Cytosine
Sucrose, aka table sugar, is composed of ____________.
Question59
a. Glucose c. Both A and B What type of base is adenine?
b. Fructose d. Neither A or B a. Purine c. Both A and B
Question49 b. Pyrimidine d. Neither A and B
Fischer projections convey useful information about
_____________. Question60
The sugar used in RNA is ____________.
a. Electron positions c. Resonance
a. Deoxyribose c. Ribose
b. 3D structural positioning d. Bond lengths
b. Dideoxyribose d. Glucose
Question50
ATP facilitates the occurrence of energetically unfavorable Question61
reactions via ___________. Fatty acids contain ________________.
a. Phosphoryl transfer c. ATP to ADP conversion a. A carboxyl group and hydrocarbon chain

b. Energy coupling d. All of the above b. A phosphate group and hydrocarbon chain
Question51 c. A sugar group and hydrocarbon chain
Both DNA and RNA are composed of three important parts,
d. Only a hydrocarbon chain
which are:
Question62
a. Glucose, side chains, phosphate group
Glycerolphospholipids create a double layer lipid
b. Nitrogenouse base, phosphate group, sugar membrane, such as the cell membrane, because of
_____________.
c. Nitrogenous base, peptide bond, lipid
a. Their high energy phospho group
d. Phosphate group, sugar, side chain
b. Their hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails
Question52
Cytosine makes _______ with guanine when base paired in c. Their unsaturated tails
DNA.
d. Their ability to covalently bond to each other
a. Three hydrogen bonds c. Three peptide bonds
Question63
b. Two hydrogen bonds d. Three covalent bonds Lipids are the starting material of important biological
Question53 molecules, including ___________.
DNA is synthesized in a _____ direction. a. Steroids c. Carbohydrates
a. 3' to 5' c. Top to bottom b. DNA d. All of the above
b. 5' to 3' d. Left to right Question64
Question54 Lipids play a role in which of the following?
Double stranded DNA takes on a __________ structure. a. Energy storage c. Cell signaling
a. Beta sheet c. Double helix b. Membrane structure d. All of the above
 a. Nucleus b. Cytosol
Question65 c. Mitochondria d. Cell membrane
Phospholipids can be composed of _______________. Question74
a. Fatty acids c. Sphingomyelin The complete oxidation of glucose to CO2 and H2O results
in a yield of __________.
b. Glycerol d. All of the above
a. 38 ATP/glucose c. 60 ATP/glucose
Question66
The difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty b. 42 ATP/glucose d. 32 ATP/glucose
acids is ______________. Question75
a. The number of hydrocarbon chains The electron transport system links oxidation of NADH and
FADH2 to _____________.
b. The length of the hydrocarbon chain
a. Glucose synthesis c. ATP synthesis
c. The presence of single or double bonds in the
hydrocarbon chain b. Ethanol fermentation d. GTP synthesis
Question76
d. All of the above The input and output of glycolysis is ____________.
Question67 a. Two molecules glucose, 6 molecules CO2
The fluidity of the cell membrane is determined by
___________. b. One molecule glucose, 2 molecules pyruvate
a. The lipid content c. One molecule glucose, 4 molecules pyruvate
b. The amount of cholesterol present d. One molecule glycogen, 2 molecules pyruvate
c. The number of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids Question77
present The sugar on ATP is _______________.
d. All of the above a. Deoxyribose c. Cholesterol
Question68 b. Glucose d. Ribose
Triacylglycerol is composed of ___________. Question78
a. Glycerol and fatty acids The __________ is a hub of cellular metabolism because it
links the oxidation of carbohydrates, fatty acids, and
b. Glycerol and long chain alcohols proteins to ATP synthesis.
c. Glycerol and cholesterol a. TCA/citrate cycle c. Glycolysis cycle
d. None of the above b. Urea cycle d. Pentose pathway
Question69 Question79
Which of the following are composed of lipids? True or False: Glycolysis requires oxygen.
a. Waxes c. Triacylglecerols a. True b. False
b. Cholesterol d. All of the above Question80
Under aerobic conditions, the pyruvate produced during
Question70 glycolysis can go on to ________.
Glycolysis gives a net yield of __________.
a. The pentose pathway c. The urea cycle
a. 8 moles ATP per glucose
b. Oxidative phosphorylation d. All of the above
b. 1 mole ATP per glucose
Question81
c. 2 moles ATP per glucose Rank the following, from highest to lowest, in terms of
energy: AMP, ATP, ADP?
d. 3 moles ATP per glucose
a. ATP, ADP, AMP c. ADP, ATP, AMP
Question71
Glycolysis takes place in the _________. b. AMP, ADP, ATP d. ATP, AMP, ADP
a. Cytosol c. Nucleus Question82
A Holliday Junction structure occurs during which process?
b. Mitochondria d. Golgi
a. Recombination c. Transcription
Question72
In the citrate cycle, energy from the oxidation of acetyl- b. Replication d. Translation
CoA is converted to _____________.
Question83
a. 4 moles ATP, 6 moles FADH2 DNA is synthesized in a _______ direction.
b. 3 moles, NADH, 1 mole FADH2, 1 mole GTP, 2 CO2 a. Left to right c. 5' to 3'

c. 2 moles NADH, 2 moles FADH2, 2 ATP b. Top to bottom d. 3' to 5'

Question84
d. 1 mole NADH, 1 mole GTP, 4 CO2
DNA replication is carried out by a ________ enzyme.
Question73
a. Helicase c. Kinase
Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the _______.
 b. Polymerase d. Topoisomerase d. None of the above

Question85 Question94
DNA replication is semi-conservative. What does this True or false: Ligand binding to receptors can result in
mean? wide-spread gene expression changes via signal
a. Half the total DNA is copied amplification.
a. True b. False
b. Each DNA strand serves as a template during
replication Question95
Stimulation of a G protein coupled receptor results in
c. Only some base pairs are altered during replication __________.
d. None of the above a. The flow of ions through the receptor
Question86 b. Phosphorylation of the receptor
DNA serves as a template for which type of RNA?
c. The exchange of GDP for GTP
a. mRNA c. tRNA
d. None of the above
b. rRNA d. All of the above
Question96
Question87 ELISAs use __________, enabling the measurement of
There are three types of RNA polymerases in eukaryotic specific proteins in a solution.
cells. RNA polymerase I transcribes ______, RNA
polymerase II transcribes _______, and RNA polymerase a. PCR c. Antibodies
III mainly transcribes _________. b. Purification d. None of the above
a. Introns, mRNA, rRNA c. tRNA, introns, rRNA Question97
b. rRNA, mRNA, tRNA d. mRNA, tRNA, rRNA In a Southern blot, probes are used to _________________.
Question88 a. Hybridize to a specific sequence of DNA
Which of the following are post-transcriptional b. Hybridize to a specific sequence of RNA
modifications of RNA?
a. Cap addition c. Intron removal c. Amplify a specific piece of DNA

b. Poly A tail addition d. All of the above d. Degrade a specific piece of RNA
Question89 Question98
_________ enzymes maintain the torsional stress of DNA. PCR is a valuable tool for analyzing DNA because
___________________.
a. Helicase c. Kinase
a. It allows for the exponential amplification of a small
b. Topoisomerase d. Restriction amount of starting material
Question90 b. It takes a short amount of time
Activation of receptor tyrosine kinases results in
____________. c. The DNA sequence amplified need not be known
a. The opening of ion channels d. All of the above
b. The phosphorylation of the receptor Question99
During SDS-PAGE, proteins are primarily separated
c. Membrane potential alterations according to their _______________.
d. The exchange of GTP for GDP a. Mass c. Charge
Question91 b. Shape d. All of the above
Intracellular pathways are altered through extracellular
molecules binding to __________.
a. Polymerases c. Receptors
b. Ligases d. All of the above
Question92
Molecules that play an important role in cell adhesion and
structure include _________.
a. Integrins c. Selectins
b. Cadherins d. All of the above
Question93
Steroids act as signaling molecules by
__________________.
a. Binding to extracellular domains of receptor molecules
b. Binding to the plasma membrane
c. Binding to receptors internal to the cell