LICENSURE EXAMINATION FOR TEACHERS (LET)

WHAT TO EXPECT
FOCUS: GENERAL EDUCATION
AREA: MATHEMATICS
LET COMPETENCIES:
1. Properties of Numbers
2. Number Theory
3. Integers
4. Fractions and Decimals
5. Operations with whole numbers, decimals, fractions and decimals
6. Ratio and Proportion
7. Percents
8. Measurements
9. Plane and Solid Geometry
10. Basic Statistics and Probability
11. Basic Algebra

Prepared by: John Kenneth Hernandez Legaspi

I. PROPERTIES OF NUMBERS
A. SETS OF NUMBERS REAL NUMBERS(R)

-9,-√7 -2/3, 0, 1, ¼, ∏, √23,4

Rational Numbers (Q) Irrational Numbers (H)

-9, -2/3, 0, 1, ¼, 5 -√7, ∏, √23

Integers (Z) Non Integers

…-4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, -2/3, 1/4

Negative Integers Whole Numbers (W)

… -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4

Zero Natural Numbers (N)

0 1, 2, 3, ….
 The Real Number System
Set Definition

Real Numbers  All numbers that we encounter everyday.

(R)  Consist of rational and irrational numbers

 Numbers that can be expressed as the quotient or ratio of two integers

and b, represented as a/b where b is not equal to 0.
Rational  Have a specific place on the number line.
Numbers  Can be written as terminating ( e.g. 2.75, 2.5) or repeating decimals (e.g.
(Q) 0.1111…, 2.090909…)

 Natural Numbers (N) – consist of the numbers 1, 2, 3, ….

 Whole Numbers (W) – consist of the natural numbers and zero
 Integers – consist of the natural numbers, their negatives, and zero

Irrational
Numbers  Numbers that cannot be expressed as fractions
(H)  Have decimal representations that are non-terminating and non-
repeating

B. THE ORDER OF OPERATIONS

When performing multiple operations, remember the mnemonics PEMDAS:

P Parentheses (grouping symbols)
E Exponents
MD Multiply and divide from left to right
AS Add and subtract from left to right

C. NUMBER PROPERTIES

Property Definition Examples

 When we add or multiply any element in a set 95 + 90 + 90 = 275
Closure Property of numbers, the sum or product is a unique 90 x 40 x 20 = 720
real number which belongs to that same set.
 States that changing the position of the 26 + 19 = 19 + 26
Commutative addends or the factors does not affect the sum 90 x 40 = 40 x 90
Property or the product
(4 + 8) + 2 = 4 + (8 + 2)
Associative  States that changing the grouping of addends
Property in a sum or the grouping of factors I a product 2 x (8 x 4) = (2 x 8) x 4
does not change the resulting sum or product
  ADDITION - the sum of any number and
zero is the 410 + 0 = 410
same number.
Identity Property - 0 is the identity.
 MULTIPLICATION - the product of any 410 x 1 = 410
number and zero is the same number.
- 1 is the identity.

Distributive
Property of  States that multiplication distributes over 4(8+12) = 4(8) + 4(12)
Multiplication over addition and subtraction.
Addition/Subtracti
on

II. NUMBER THEORY

A. DIVISIBILITY RULES

Divisibility Rule
by
2  If the number is an even number
3  If the sum of all individual digits in the number is divisible by 3.
4  If the last two digits of the number is divisible by 4.
5  If the last digit of the number is 0 and 5.
6  If the number is even and is divided by 3.
7  Double the last digit. Subtract the doubled last digit from the number without the
last digit. If the difference is a multiple of 7, then it is divisible by 7.
8  If the last three digits of the number is divisible by 8.
9  If the sum of the individual digits in the number is divisible by 9.
10  If the last digit of the numbers is 0.
11  If after subtracting and adding the digits successively the result is divisible by
11.

B. FACTORS and MULTIPLES

 The factors of integer n are positive integers that divide n evenly without remainder.
Example: 36: 1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 12, 18, 36

 The multiple of n are integers that n divides without any remainder.

Example: multiples of 8: 8, 16, 24, 32, …

C. PRIME and COMPOSITE

a. A Prime Number is a positive number which may only be divided by 1 or itself
 Example: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, …
b. A Composite Number is a positive number which has a positive divisor other 1 or
itself. All even numbers are composite except the number 2.
Example: 2, 4, 6, 8, 1o, 12, 14, 15, …

 Prime Factorization- expressing a number as a product of factors, each of which is a prime

number. There are 2 methods of prime factorization:

1. Factor Tree
2. Continuous Division Method

Methods in Finding the Prime Factors of a Given Number

Factor Tree Method Continuous Division Method
56
2 56
7 8 2 28
f 2 14
7
d 2 4
4
56 = 7 4x 8 56 = 7 x 8
= 73x ( 2 x 4) = 7 x ( 2 x 4)
=7x2x2x2 2 2 =7x2x2x2
56 = 23 x 7 56 = 23 x 7

D. GCF and LCM

 Greatest Common Factor (GCF)

- refers to the largest common factor of two or more numbers.

Example: Find the GCF of 60 and 120

METHODS
Intersection of Sets
For each of the given numbers, list their factors in ascending order, and pick out the factor that is
common to both lists.
Factors of 60 → ( 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 12, 15, 20, 30, 60)
Factor of 120 → ( 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 20, 24, 30, 40, 60, 120)
Common Factors → ( 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 12, 15, 20, 60)
 GCF → 60

Prime Factorization Repeated Division by Primes

60 = 2 x 2 x 3 x 5 2 60 120
120 =2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 5 2 30 60
3 15 30
GCF = 2 x 2 x 3 x 5 5 5 10
= 60 1 2
GCF = (2)(2)(3)(5)
= 60

 Least Common Multiple (LCM)

-refers to the smallest number that two or more numbers will divide without
remainder.

Example: Find the LCM 0f 16 and 18

METHODS
Intersection of Sets
For each of the given numbers, list their factors in ascending order, and pick out the smallest non - zero
multiple that is common to both lists.
Multiples of 16 → ( 16, 32, 48, 64, 80, 96)
Multiples of 20 → ( 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120)
Common Multiple → 80

LCM→ 80

Prime Factorization Repeated Division by Primes

Write the prime factorization for each of the given
numbers in such a way that common, and only 2 16 20
common, prime factors are in the same column. 2 8 10
The LCM is the product of the highest powers 4 5
occurring in a column of any of the prime
factorization. LCM = 2* 2* 4* 5
16 = 24 = 80
20 = 22 x 5
24 x 5 = 80

LCM = 80

III. INTEGERS
 Integers - refers to the set of whole numbers and their opposites
  Absolute Value - the number of units a number is away from 0 in a number line.
Example:  9 = 9

Operation Like Signs Unlike Signs

Add the integers and keep the sign. Subtract the integers and take the sign of
the integer with the largest absolute
Addition Examples: value.
4 + 8 = 12 Example:
(-5) + (-3) = -9 4 + (-3) = 1
(-8) + 4 = -4
Change the sign of the subtrahend, and then proceed to addition.

Subtraction Examples:
4 - (-8) = 4 + 8 (-7) - (-6) = (-7) + 6
4 + 8 = 12 (-7) + 6 = -1

If the signs of the factors or the If the signs are different, the
dividend/divisors are the same, the product/quotient is negative.
Multiplicati product/quotient is positive.
on and Examples:
Division Examples: (-8)(2) = -16
(4)(3) = 12 120 ÷ (-12) = -10
(-35) ÷ (-7) = 5

 Integer Operations

IV. FRACTIONS

Fractions
- A number whose value can be expressed as the quotient or ratio of any two
numbers a and b, represented as a/b, where b is not equal to 0. It is also a part of a
whole or a set.
-
Reducing Fractions to Lowest Terms
Divide the numerator and the denominator by its GCF.
27÷ 9 = 3
36 9 4

Conversions

Mixed Number to Improper Fraction Improper Fraction to Mixed Number

1. Multiply the denominator to the whole 1. Divide the numerator by the
number. denominator.
2. Add the product to the numerator. 2. The quotient is the whole umber for the
3. The sum is the new numerator, then copy mixed number.
 the same denominator. 3. The remainder is the new numerator
over the same denominator.
Example:
Example:
3 1/3 = ( 3 x 3) + 1 = 10 ( new
numerator) 90 = 90 ÷ 7 = 12 r. 6
7
3 1/3 = 10 90 = 12 6
3 7 7

FRACTION OPERATIONS

A. Addition and Subtraction

a. Of Similar Fractions:
1
- Just add/subtract the numerators and copy the denominator.8

b. Of Dissimilar Fractions:
- Convert the fractions first to similar fractions. Then add/subtract the numerators
and keep the denominators. Reduce the lowest terms if necessary.

A. Changing Dissimilar Fractions to Similar Fractions

- Find the LCM of the denominators involved. Divide the LCD by each of the
denominators, and then multiply each quotient to their corresponding numerators.

B. Multiplication of Fractions
- Simply multiply the numerators, and multiply the denominators. Reduce the
product to lowest terms, if necessary.

C. Division of Fractions
- Take the first fraction and multiply it by the reciprocal of the second fraction.

Complex Fractions
- Fractions whose numerator and/or denominator is/are also fraction/s.
- To simply these fractions, remember that the fraction bar means to divide. Rewrite
the fraction as a division problem, and follow the procedure for dividing fractions.

V. DECIMALS
Example: 123, 324.24398
A. CONVERSIONS

Decimal to Fraction/ Mixed Fraction to Decimal Mixed Number to Decimal

Number
Simply use the place value and Recognize that a fraction bar Separate and keep the whole
then reduce to lowest terms, if means ‘to divide’. thus, to number part (this is the number
necessary. change a fraction to a decimal, to the left of the decimal point).
simply divide the numerator by the divide the fractional part as
the denominator. described on the left.

Example: Example: Example:

19.8 = 19 + 0.8 4 = 4 ÷ 8 = 0.5 19 4 = 19 + 4
= 19 + ( 8/10) 8 5 5
= 19 + (4/5) = 19 + (0.8)
19.8 = 19 4 19 4 = 19.8
5 5

B. DECIMAL OPERATIONS
 Addition and Subtraction
- Make sure to LINE UP the decimal points first. Add trailing zeroes if necessary to avoid
careless mistakes. Then perform the indicated operation.
 Multiplication
Steps:
1. Multiply the numbers without regard to the decimal point to obtain a whole number product.
2. Count the number of digits that are to the right of the decimal point of BOTH factors.
3. Alter the whole number product to have the same number of digits to the right of the decimal
point,
as counted in step 2.
 Division
Steps:
1. Set up the long division problem.
2. Count how many digits there are to the right of the decimal point in the divisor.
3. Move the decimal point in the dividend with the amount from the step 2.
4. Raise the newly placed decimal point up to the quotient.
5. Divide as usual, as if there were no decimal points.

VI. RATIO and PROPORTION

Ratio Proportion
Proportion is an equation or statement that
expresses the equality of two ratios.
Ratio is a comparison of two or more amounts or May be expressed as:
quantities such as a and b, which can be expressed 1. a/b = c/d
in the following equivalent ways: a:b, a/b 2. a:b = c:d

In each form, b and c are called means and

a and d are called extremes.
 Extremes-Means Property:
- if any proportion, the product of the means is equal to the product of the extremes.
From a : b = c : d, we get ad = bc

 Finding the Missing Terms of a Proportion

- to find the missing term of a proportion, use the Extremes-Means Property and solve for the
unknown.
Example:

3 : x = 8 : 24

(8)(x) = (24)(3)
8x = 72
x=9

 TYPES OF PROPORTIONS
A. Direct Proportion
- as one quantity increases, the other also increases.
Example:
If 8 kg of guavas cost as much as 12 kg of mangoes, how many kg of guavas
would cost as much as 150 kg of mangoes?
Solution:
Equate the ratio of the terms in the first condition to the ratio of the terms in the
second condition. So, we have:
First Condition Second Condition
8 kg of guavas = n kg of guavas
12 kg of mangoes 150 kg of mangoes

N = (8 kg of guavas)(90 kg of mangoes)
12 kg of mangoes
N= 100

B. Inverse Proportion
- as one quantity increases, the other quantity decreases, and vice versa.
Example:
If the food in a crate is enough to feed 20 castaways in 16 days, how many days
would it last for 40 castaways?
Solution:
Equate the product of the terms in the first condition to the product of the terms of
the second condition. So, we have:
 First Condition Second Condition

(20 castaways)(16 days) = (40 castaways)(n days)

n = (20 castaways)(16 days)
40 castaways
n = 8 days

C. Partitive Proportion
- one quantity is being partitioned into different proportions.

Example:
A pizza pie 180 cm long is cut in the ratio of 2:3:4. Find the measure of each part.
Solution:
1. Add the term of the ratio.
2+3+4=9
2. Divide the whole measure that was partitioned by the sum of the terms.
180 cm ÷ 9 = 20 cm
3. Multiply the quotient to each term of the ratio to find the measure of each part.
2 ( 20cm) = 40 cm
3 ( 20 cm)= 60 cm
4 ( 20 cm) = 80 cm
Answer:the measures of the cut parts of pie are 40 cm, 60 cm, and 80 cm.

 APPLICATIONS INVOLVING RATIOS and PROPORTIONS

A. Scales
When working with scale models, the scale is often given as the ratio:
Model measurement : actual measurement
Example:
If the scale model of a wood measures 8 inches and the model has a scale of 1:30, what is
the actual measurement of the boat?

Solution:
Model length = 1 =8
Actual length 30 x
1= 8 (1)(x) = (8)(30)
30 x x = 240
B. Similarity
- when figures have corresponding sides that are I proportion with one another and the
corresponding angles with the same measure, the figures are similar.
- proportions can be used to determine that the figures are similar, and calculate the
missing part/s of known similar figures.
Example:
Find the missing side of the larger triangle.
 D Solution:
A AB = BC→ 10 = 8
DE EF 15 x
10x = 120
10cm 15cm x = 12

B C E F
8cm x
VII. PERCENTS
Percents literally means ‘per hundred’, it refers to a special ratio that compares a numerical quantity of
100.
Percent Formula:
Part= Percent x Whole

Remember in Mathematics:
“Of” usually means multiply
“Is” usually means equals

Example:
75 is 30% of 250

Percentage (P) Rate (R) Base (B)

( the number usually ( the number usually in ( the number usually before or
after the word “is”) percent) before or after the word “of”)

 Applications involving Percent

A. Percent Increase or Decrease

-to increase a number by a certain percent,(1) and 100% to the given percent,(2) convert the sum
to a decimal, and (3) multiply the number by that decimal.

Example: increase 40 by 45%

Solution: 45% + 100% = 145% = 1.45
40 x 1.45 = 58

B. Simple Interest Rate

I = Prt I = interest charged or paid out
P = principal amount that is saved or borrowed
r = percentage rate written as decimal
t = time in years
Example:
If Mario borrows P10,000 at an interest rate of 8% for 3 years, how much will he have paid in
simple interest at the end of the 3 years?
Solution: I = Prt I = (P10,000)(0.08)(3)
= P2, 400
 Answer: At the end of 3 years, Mario will pay P2,400 in simple interest.

C. Compound Interest
Example:
What is the interest on P100,000 borrowed for 4 years at 16% interest rate per year
compounded annually?

Solution:
Compute the compound interest at the end of each year.
After year 1: P100,000 x 0.16 = P16,000
After year 2: (P100,000+P16,000)x 0.16 = P18,560
After year 3: (P116,000+P18,560)x0.16 = P21,529.60
After year 4: (P134,560 +P21,529.60)x0.16=P24,974.34
Total interest after 4 years= P16,000+P18,560+P21,529.60+ P24,974.34 = P81,063.94

D. Discount
D → Discount
D=Pxr P → marked price
N=P-D r → discount rate written as a decimal
N = net price
Example:
Find the net price and the discount on a product with marked price of P1,500 at a discount rate of
80%?
P → 1,500 D=Pxr N=P-D
r → 80% D = (P1,500)(80%) N = P1,500 - P1,200
D = P1,200 N = P300
VIII. PLANE GEOMETRY
A. BASIC NOTIONS

LINEAR NOTIONS
Term Definition Illustration

Point Represent as a dot. A read as point

A
. . m
Line A B
line m, line AB or BA

. . . j
A A B C
.G

Collinear Points Points that lie on the same line Line j contains points A, B, and c.
Points A, B, and C belong to line j.
Points A, B, and C are collinear.
Point A, B, and H are not collinear.
 A subset of a line that contains
Line Segment two points of the line and all n m
points between those two points.

Ray A subset of line that contains

the endpoint and all points on c d
the line on one side of the point.

PLANAR NOTIONS
Term Definition Illustration

Coplanar Points Points that lie in the same plane.

D

Coplanar Lines Lines that lie in the same plane.

Intersecting Lines Two coplanar lines with exactly
one point in common.
Concurrent Lines Lines that contain the same
point
intersect at point A.
Skew Lines Lines that do not intersect, and
there is no plane that contains
them.
C
Points A, B, and C are coplanar.
Points A, B, C and D are noncoplanar
Lines AB, BC, and AC are coplanar.
Line AB and AC are intersecting lins. They
Line AC, BC, and DC are concurrent.
Lines AB and CD are skew lines.

Two distinct coplanar lines that j

Parallel Lines have no points in common. l

J is parallel to l

Perpendicular Lines Lines in the same lane that

intersect at one point and form
four 90 degrees angles.

B. OTHER PLANAR NOTIONS

 Angles
- is formed by two distinct rays sharing the same endpoint.
 a. Classification of Angles

Types of Angle Description

Acute Measure between 0 and 90 degrees
Right Measures exactly 90 degrees
Obtuse Measure is between 90 and 180 degrees
Straight Measures exactly 180 degrees.

b. Special Angle Pair Relationships

Terms Definition Illustration

Any two angles whose combined
Complimentary Angles measures equal to 90 degrees.

Any two angles whose combined

Supplementary Angles measures equal to 180 degrees.

Formed when two lines intersect;

Vertical Angles Two angles that share a common A transversal cuts through two
vertex but share no common parallel lines:
sides

Corresponding Angles Two angles on the same side of

Alternate Interior Angle
Alternate Exterior Angles
the transversal, but one is in the 1 2
interior of the parallel lines, the 3 4
other on the exterior.
Two angles on different sides of 5 6
the transversal, both in the 7 8
interior of the parallel lines.
Two angles on the different sides
of the transversal, both in the
exterior of the parallel lines.

C. POLYGONS

Polygon is a plane a closed path or circuit, composed of a finite sequence of straight line
segments.
 The segments are called its sides, and the points where two edges meet are the polygon’s vertices.
 Polygons are named based on the number of sides.

# of Name of Polygon # of Name of Polygon

Sides Sides
3 Triangle 12 Dodecagon
 4 Quadrilaterals 13 Triskaidecagon
5 Pentagon 14 Tetradecagon
6 Hexagon 15 Pentadecagon
7 Heptagon 16 Hexadecagon
8 Octagon 17 Heptadecagon
9 Nonagon 18 Octadecagon
10 Decagon 19 Nonadecagon
11 Undecagon 20 Icosagon

 Regular Polygon has equal length of all sides and equal measure of all interior angles.
 The sum of all the interior angle of a regular polygon is equal to (n-2) x 180
 The measure of each interior angle of a regular polygon is equal to (n-2) x180/n

 TRIANGLES

TRIANGLE

According to the Angles According to the Sides

Scalene Triangle Isosceles Triangle

Acute Triangle Obtuse Triangle

Equilateral
Right Triangle
Triangle

Classification Name Definition

According to the Angle
Measure
According to the
Measures of Sides
Acute Triangle A triangle containing one right angle.
Right Triangle A triangle in which all the angles are acute.
Obtuse Triangle A triangle containing one obtuse angle.
Scalene Triangle A triangle with no congruent sides.
Isosceles Triangle A triangle with at least two congruent sides.
Equilateral Triangle A triangle with three congruent sides.

 QUADRILATERALS
 QUADILATERALS

Kite Trapezoid

Parallelogram Isosceles Trapezoid

Rhombus Rectangle

Square

Name Definition
Trapezoid A quadrilateral with at least one pair of parallel sides.
Kite A quadrilateral with two adjacent sides congruent and the other two
sides also congruent.
Isosceles Trapezoid A trapezoid with exactly one pair of congruent sides.
Parallelogram A quadrilateral in which each pair of opposite sides is parallel.
Rectangle A quadrilateral with 4 right angles.
Rhombus A quadrilateral with all sides congruent.
Square A quadrilateral with 4 right angles and 4 congruent sides.

IX. MEASUREMENT
PLANE FIGURES
Name of Figure Formula
Perimeter Area
Rectangle 2l + 2w Lw
Square 4s s2
Parallelogram 2a + 2b Bh
Trapezoid a1 + a2 + b1 + b2 (b1 + b2 ) h
2
Triangle s+s+s ½bh
Circle Circumference: 2∏r ∏r2

SOLID FIGURES
Name of Figure Formula
Total Surface Area Volume
Rectangular Prism 2lw + 2wh + 2hl Lwh
Cube 6e2
( e = edge) e3
Cylinder 2∏r2 + 2∏ rh ∏ r2h
Pyramid s2 + 2sl ⅓ bh
s = side of the base
 l = slant height
Cone ∏ r2 + ∏ rs ⅓ ∏ r2h
Sphere 4∏ r2 4/3 ∏r3

 METRIC SYSTEM

METRIC SYSTEM
Prefix Equivalent Dimension
Length Capacit Mass
y
Kilo 1000
Greek hecto 100
deca 10
deci 1/10 meter liter Gram
Latin centi 1/100
milli 1/1000
 UNIT CONVERSION
Length: 1 foot(ft) = 12 inches(in)
1 yard(yd) = 3 feet
1 mile (mi) = 5280 feet = 1760 yards
1 inch = 2.54 centimeters
1 foot = 0.3 meter
1 meter = 1.1 yards
1 mile = 1.6 kilometers

Area: 1 acre = 43, 560 sq. ft.

1 sq. m. = 640 acres

Mass: 1 pound = 16 ounces (oz)

1 ton = 2000 pounds
1 kilogram = 2.2 pounds

Time: 1 minute = 60 seconds(s)

1 hour (hr) = 60 minutes
1 day (d) = 24 hours
1 year (yr) = 365 days
1 decade = 10 years
1 millennium = 1000 years

Volume: 1 gallon (gal) = 4 quarts (qt)

1 quart = 2 pints (pt)
1 cup = 16 tablespoon
1 liter = 1.06 quarts

 PYTHAGOREAN THEOREM
 - in every right triangle, the sum of the squares of the legs is equal to the square of the hypotenuse.

Hypotenuse- side that is

b2 c2
Legs- sides of the triangles that form opposite of the right angle
the right angle.
a2

X. PROBABILITY (Counting Techniques)

A. Fundamental Principle of Counting:

- in a sequence of events, the total possible number of ways all events can be
performed is the product of the possible number of ways each individual event can be performed.

B. Factorial: n! = n(n-1)(n-2)…(3)(2)(1);
For example, 6! = 6 x 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1 = 720.

C. Permutation:
- A permutation is an arrangement of objects without repetition where order is
important. A permutation o n objects, arranged in groups of side r, without repetition, and order
being important is: nPr = n! / (n-r)!

D. Combination:
- A combination is an arrangement of objects without repetition where order is not
important. A combination of n objects, arranged in groups of size r, without repetition, and order
not being important is: nCr = n! / (n-r)! r!

E. PROBABILITY is a measure of certainty or uncertainty that an event will happen. It ranges

from 0 to 1.

1. The probability of an impossible event (an event that will never occur) is 0.
2. The probability of a certain event (an event that will surely happen) is 1.
3. The probability (P) of an event (E) is expressed mathematically as:
(number of wanted outcomes)
P(E) = ( number of possible outcomes)

XI. Measure of Central Tendency

-are numerical descriptive measures which indicate or locate the center of a distribution or data
set.
 a. Mean
- of a set of values or measurements in the sum of all the measurements divided
by the number of measurements in the set.
b. Median
- is the middle value of a given set of measurements, provided that the values or
measurements are arranged in an array. An array is an arrangement of values in
increasing or decreasing values.
c. Mode
- is the value which occurs most frequently in a set of measurements or values

d. Measures of Variability
- are measures of the average distance of each observation from the center of the
distribution. They measure homogeneity or heterogeneity of a particular group.

1. Range is the difference between the highest and the lowest values. This is the
simplest and the most unreliable measure of variability since it uses only two
values in the distributions.
2. Mean Absolute Deviation is the average of the summation of the absolute
deviation of each observation from the mean. The formula for the mean absolute
deviation is:

Mean absolute deviation = summation of x - mean

total number of cases
Where, x is the value or score from the raw data, x is the mean and n is the total number of cases.

3. Variance (s2) is the average of the squared deviation from the mean. The
formula for finding the variance is shown as:
s2 = summation (x - x)2
N
where, x is the value or score from the raw data, x is the mean and n is the total number cases.

4. Standard Deviation is the square root of the average deviation from the mean.
It is mathematically equal to the square root of the variance. It is equals to the
square root of the summation of the product of raw data minus the mean
multiplied by its squared divided by the total number of cases.

XII. BASIC ALGEBRA

A. ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS

 TRANSLATING ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSION

Add Subtract Multiply Divide Equal
(+) (-) (X) (÷) (=)
Plus, sum, Minus, Times, Divided by, Is, result, total,
increased difference, multiplied by, quotient, into equal to
 by, more decreased by, product of
than, less than,
exceeds reduced

A. Algebraic Expression- contains numbers, variables, and operations to state a relationship.

Example: 8, 8n, 7x + 3, x2 + 4x +8
B. Equation- two algebraic expressions set equal to each other.
Example: 3x - 4 = x + 3
 EXPONENTS
- the total number of times a base is used as a factor
a. Multiplying and Dividing Like Bases
Multiplication Division
When multiplying like bases, add the When dividing like bases, subtract the
exponents: exponents.
Xm * xn = xm+n Xm/ xn = xm-n
Example: Example:
3 4 7
a *a =a a4/ a2 = a2

B. Operation with Powers

Simply multiply the exponents:
Raising a Power to a Power Example: (a3)3 = a9
Raise each base number and/or variable to
Raising a Product to a Power that exponent:
Example: (3x3)2 = 9x6
Example: (32/a)3 = 729/a3
Raising a Quotient/ Fraction to a Power

c. Negative Exponents

To simplify an expression with negative exponents, remember that:

X-n = 1/ xn
 POLYNOMIALS
a. Adding and Subtracting Polynomials
- when adding and subtracting polynomials, only like terms can be combined.
Examples:
4z + 6z = 10z

b. Multiplying Polynomials
1. Monomial by a monomial
- multiply the coefficient and then follow the rules for multiplying the exponents for like
bases.
Example: Answer:
3x3 * 2x2 6x5
2. Monomial by a Polynomial
- use the distributive property.
Example: Answer:
 4a2(3a + 4) (4a2)(3a) + (4a2)(4)
12a3 + 16a2
3. Binomial by a Binomial
- use FOIL (First, Outer, Inner, Last)
Example:
(x - 8)(x + 2)
Terms Factors Product
First x*x x2
Outer x*2 2x
Inner -8 * x -8x
Last -8 * 2 -16

(x - 8)(x + 2) = x2 + 2x - 8x - 16
= x2- 6x – 16
4. Any polynomial by a polynomial
- use the distributive property.
Example:
(x - 1)(2x2 - 3x + 2) = 2x3 - 3x2 + 2x - 2x2 - 3x + 2
= 2x3 - 5x2 - x + 2
 FACTORING
a. Using GCF
- to find the GCF of any polynomial, look for the common factors in the
coefficients, and the common variables between each term.
Example:
Factor 8x2 + 16 x
Solution:
The GCF of 8x2 + 16 x is 8x, so factor out 8x from each term.
8x2 + 16 x = 8x (x + 2).

b. Difference Between Two Perfect Square

- to factor the difference between two perfect squares, take the square root of each
term. Then, express the factors in the following form:
(x - a)(x+b)
Example:
Factor x2 - 81
Solution:
x2 - 81 = (x-9)(x+9)

c. Polynomials in the form ax2 + bx + c

- when factoring any factorable polynomial in the form ax2 + bx + c, where a = 1,
the constant terms of the factors have a sum of b and a product of c. if the value of
a ≠1, use the factors of c with a trial - and - error to find the factors.

Example:
Factor x2 + 11x + 18
Solution:
 x2 + 11x + 18
a = 1, b = 11, c = 18

1. List the factors of 18 (c): 1 and 18, -1 and -18, 2 and 9 and -18, -9 and 2, -2 and 9
2. Find the pair of factors that has a sum of 5 (b). Here that pair is 2 and 9.
3. Use the factors 2 and 9 as the second terms in the binomial factors.
(x + 2)(x + 9)
Answer: the factors of x2 + 11x + 18 are (x + 2)(x + 9).

d. Perfect Square Trinomials

- has two equal binomial factors, they have two forms and factored as follows:
x2 + 2ax + a2 = (x + a)2 x2 + 2ax + a2 = (x + a)2

Example: Solution:
Factor b2 - 12ab + 36 b2 - 12ab + 36 = (b - 6)(b - 6)
= ( b - 6)2

 RATIONAL EXPRESSIONS
- expressions that may involve constants and/or variables in the form a/b, where b≠0.
a. Simplifying
- when simplifying rational expressions, factor first and make sure to only cancel factors.
Example:
3x - 9
x2 - 9
Solution:
3x - 9 3 ( x + 3)
2
x - 9 (x - 3)(x + 3)

3/ x-3
b. Adding and Subtracting
Steps
1. find the common denominator (LCD) by finding the smallest expression that each
denominator will divide into without a remainder.
2. When this denominator is found, multiply both the numerator and denominator of the
rational expressions by the missing factors needed to make the LCD.
3. Combine the expressions.
4. Keep the common denominator.

Example: Solution:
7x + 4 7x + 4 = 7x + 12 = 7x + 12
3x2 x2 3x2 x2 3x2 3x2 3x2

c. Multiplying and Dividing

Steps:
1. Factor each numerator and denominator of the fractions when possible.
2. Cancel out any common monomial factors between the numerators and denominators.
 3. Multiply across any remaining factors.
4. When dividing, simply take the reciprocal of the fraction being divided by and then
multiply as explained in steps (1) to (3)

B. ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSION
 Solving Equations
1. Simplify each side of the equation separately:
 Apply the distributive property when needed.
 Combine like terms when needed.
2. Move the variable to one side of the equations.
3. Perform the inverse operations of either addition or subtraction.
4. Perform the inverse operations of either multiplication or division.
5. Check your answer by substituting the value of the variable into the original equation.

Example 1: -3(x + 9) = 15

Solution:

-3(x + 9) = 15 Given

(-3 · x) + (-3 · 9) = 15 Apply the distributive property

-3x + -27 = 15 to get rid of the parentheses.

-3x – 27 + 27 = 15 + 27 Add 27 to both sides.

-3x = 42
-3x = 42
-3 -3 Divide both sides of the equation
x = -14 by -3.

Check: Substitute in the equation the value of -14 for x:

-3(x + 9) = 15
-3( -14 + 9) = 15
-3(-5) = 15
15 = 15
C. SEQUENCES and SERIES
 Sequence
- An ordered set whose elements consist of consecutive natural numbers.
Types of Sequences:
1. Arithmetic Progression
- a sequence of numbers in which the difference between any two successive terms
is constant; the constant difference is called the common difference (d).

Elements of an Arithmetic Progression:

 a1 = the first term
an = general term
n = no. Of terms
d = the common difference
Sn = sum of the first n terms

To find any term (nth term) : an = a1 + (n – 1)d

To find the sum of n terms (Sn) of an arithmetic progression: Sn = (n/2) (a1 + an)

2. Geometric Progression
- a sequence of numbers in which the ratio of every pair of successive terms is
constant; the constant ratio is called the common ratio (r).

Elements of a Geometric Progression:

a1 = the first term
an = general term
n = no. Of terms
r = the common ratio
Sn = sum of the first n terms
To find any term (nth term) : an = a1rn-1
To find the sum of n terms (Sn) of an arithmetic progression:

Sn = a1 ( 1 – rn) where r ≠1
(1 – r)
3. Infinite Geometric Progression
- a geometric with an infinite number of terms.
To find the sum of n terms (Sn) of an infinite geometric progression:

Sn = a1 where / r / ˂ 1
1–r
4. Harmonic Progression
- a sequence of numbers whose reciprocals form an arithmetic progression
Example:
AP: 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18
HP: 1/3, 1/6, 1/9, 1/12, 1/15, 1/18
BOARD LICENSURE
EXAMINATION FOR
PROFESSIONAL
TEACHERS

General Education Tests

LICENSURE EXAMINATION FOR TEACHERS

General Education (Mathematics)
Practice Test: Choose the letter that corresponds to the best answer.
1. Evaluate the following expression: 5 + 3 (42 + 7) – 7 (2 + 32 x 8 )0

a. 152 c. 144
b. 0 d. 72

2. Which among the following is NOT a prime number?

a. 61 c. 41
b. 31 d. 51

3. How many prime numbers are there between 1 to 100?

a. 24 c. 25
b. 23 d. 26

4. What is the last prime number less than 100?

a. 97 c. 93
b. 93 d. 95

5. What are the prime factors of 273?

a. 3 x 7 x 13 c. 3 x 6 x 9 x 11
b. 3 x 17 x 11 d. 3 x 3 x 7 x 7

6. What are the prime factors of 128?

a. 2 x 3 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 c. 2 x 2 x 2 x 4 x 4
b. 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 d. 1 x 2 x 8

7. What is the least common multiple of 24 and 80?

a. 480 c. 240
b. 80 d. 360

8. If a frame is 27 cm long and 18 cm wide, what is the ratio of its width to its length?

a. 2:3 c. 3:2
b. 3:5 d. 5:3
9. A meter stick was cut into 2 at the 20 cm mark. What is the ratio of the smaller piece to the larger
piece?

a. 5:1 c. 1:4
b. 1:5 d. 4:1
10. The ratio of the number of red, green, and blue balls in a rectangular box is 3:4:6. How many green
marbles are there if there are 52 marbles in all?

a. 8 c. 12
b. 16 d. 4

11. In a university, the ratio of male students to female students is 4:8. If there are 82 male students, how
many are female students?

a. 164 c. 41
b. 163 d. 40

12. The ratio of the number of goats, carabaos, and cows in a farm is 8:6:1. If there are 135 animals of
these kinds in his backyard, how many of them are carabaos?

a. 9 c. 54
b. 18 d. 72

13. Seven apples weigh as much as 10 bananas. In this rate, how many bananas will weigh as much as 84
apples?

a. 12 c. 120
b. 24 d. 84

14. In an office the ratio of male employee to female employee is 1:3. If there are 12 male employees,
how many employees are in that office?

a. 16 c. 40
b. 36 d. 48

15. Mary can type 300 words in 5 minutes. How many words can she type in ¾ of an hour?

a. 2700 c. 3625
b. 2500 d. 1125

16. A 135-meter piece of string is divided into 3 parts in the ratio of 1 ½: 2 ¼: 3, what is the measure of
the longest piece?

a. 100 c. 60
b. 80 d. 40

17. Six pumps can fill a tank in 28 minutes. How long will 4 pumps of the same kind can fill a tank?

a. 42 c. 60
b. 18 d. 20
18. What percent of ¾ is 3/5?

a. 80% c. 60%
b. 40% d. 125%

19. An amount of P18,500 was requested for the purchase of school supplies. How much was released if
15% of the amount requested was not granted?

a. P14,260 c. P15,725
b. P15,640 d. P13,490

20. Last year, the bus fare for Juan was P480 per month. This year, the new bus fare is 520 per month.
Find its percentage increase of bus fare?

a. 7 1/3% c. 7.33%
b. 8.33% d. 8 1/3%

21. A man accepts a position at P14,250 basic salary with an agreement that he will receive a 2%
increase every year for 3 years. What will his salary be at the end of 3 years?

a. P16,500.00 c. P15,122.21
b. P15,105.00 d. P14,950.00

22. At 25% discount, Mr. Palo paid P150.75 for a bag. What was the original price of the bag?

a. P603.00 c. P201.00
b. P150.75 d. P188.44

23. If 500 or 25% of a graduating class are boys, how many are graduating?

a. 5,000 c. 20,000
b. 2,000 d. 20,000

24. Diane spends 15% of her monthly income for electric bill, 10% for house rental, and 25% for food
and other miscellaneous expenses. After paying all these expenses, she still has P8,000 left. How much
does she earn every month?

a. P15,000 c. P9,000
b. P16,000 d. P8,000

25. A man is planning to take a leisurely stroll around their rectangular patio, which measures 27.7 m
long and 21.5 m wide. How far does a man have to walk?

a. 88.4 m c. 98.4m
b. 96.4 m d. 120.4m
26. When 2000 pounds of paper are recycled, 17 trees are saved. How many trees are saved if 5,000
pounds of paper is recycled?

a. 42.5 c. 63
b. 41 d. 45

27. A recipe calls for 2 eggs for every 5 cups of flour. A chef will use 35 cups of flour, how many eggs
must he have?

a. 16 c. 14
b. 12 d. 13

28. Five out of every seven households have cable TV. If 42,000 households in a certain city have a TV,
how many do not have cable TV?

a. 12,000 c. 16,800
b. 32,000 d. 30,000

29. Mr. Hernandez weighed 60 kg. He lost 4 kg on her first week of exercise, gained 2 kg on his second
week, lost 6 kg on the 3rd week and remained his weight during the fourth week. What was his weight on
the 4th week?

a. 58 kg c. 52 kg
b. 72 kg d. 68 kg

30. In a card game, Mario got the following scores: 35, -60, -40, 80, -100, 25, -25. What is his final
score?

a. -85 c. 115
b. -115 d. 85

31. Which among the following has the largest perimeter?

a. Circular pizza with radius of 8.5 cm

b. Circular pizza with the radius of 13 cm.
c. Rectangular pizza with dimension 10cm x 14cm
d. Square pizza with perimeter of 80 cm.

32. The total surface area of cubic box is 600 cm2. What is the length of one side of this box?
a. 10cm c. 8cm
b. 9cm d. 6cm

33. Which of the following lengths is longest?

a. 5.5m c. 555cm
 b. .005km d. 5555mm

34. What is the radius of a circle whose area is 25 cm2?

a. 25cm c. 25mm
b. 5cm d. 5mm

35. Mr. Cruz divided his lot among his 4 siblings. The first got 3 ½ ha, the second 3 1/3 ha, the third 3 ¼
ha and the fourth 3 2/5 ha. How big is Mr. Cruz’s lot?

a. 14 ha c. 13 ha
b. 13 29/60 ha d. 12 5/14 ha

36. An elevator can carry a maximum load of 605 kg. How many passengers of weight 50.5 kg each can
the elevator hold?

a. 11 c. 11.9
b. 12 d. 10

37. A classroom is 30 ft long, 25 ft wide and 14 ft high. If 42 balloons are inside the classroom, how
many cubic feet of space does this allow for each balloon?

a. 690 c. 69
b. 250 d. 25

38. How many cm are there in 2 m and 550 mm?

a. 255 c. 2055
b. 75 d. 2550

39. If the banana weighs about 170 grams, about how many bananas are in a 3.5 kilogram bag of
banana?

a. 23 c. 22
b. 21 d. 20

40. A new computer measures 462 lbs in weight. How much does it weigh in grams?

a. 210,000 g c. 21,000 g
b. 2,100 g d. 210 g

41. A slow moving turtle traveled 4,800 mm. How far did it travel in kilometres?

a. 0.0048 km c. 0.48 km
 b. 4.8 km d. 0.048 km

42. The measure of an angle is 25 more than its supplement. What is the measure of the larger angle?

a. 77.5 degrees c. 90 degrees

b. 102.5 degrees d. 110 degrees

43. If the measure of an angle is twice the measure of its complement, what is the measure of the angle?

a. 120 degrees c. 90 degrees

b. 60 degrees d. 30 degrees

44. What is the measure of an angle if the measure of its supplement is 39 degrees more than twice the
measure of its complement?

a. 29 degrees c. 49 degrees
b. 39 degrees d. 59 degrees

45. Which among the following statements is TRUE?

a. A square is a rhombus
b. A rhombus is a rectangle.
c. A parallelogram is a trapezoid
d. a rectangle is a square

46. If the sum of the interior angles of a regular polygon is 1980 degrees, how many sides does it have?

a. 14 c. 13
b. 12 d. 11

47. What is the sum of the measure of the interior angles of an icosagon?

a. 2850 c. 3240
b. 3100 d. 3140

48. The measure of the angles of a triangle is in the ratio of 2:3:4. Find the measure of the middle angle?

a. 80 degrees c. 30 degrees
b. 40 degrees d. 60 degrees

49. Factor completely the expression: a2x – 5b2y – 5a2y + b2x.

a. (a2 + b2)(x2 – 5y2) c. (a + b)(a – b)(x – 5y)

 b. (a2 + b2)(x – 5y) d. (a2 + b2)(x + 4y + 3)

50. Which among the following in NOT a perfect square trinomial?

a. x2 + 6x + 9 c. 49x2 + 70x + 36
b. 9x2 + 12x + 4 d. x2 + 8x + 16

51. Factor completely the expression: 27a3 – 54a2b + 36ab2 – 8b3.

a. (3a – 2b)3 c. (3a – 3b)3

b. (a – 3b)3 d. (4a – 3b)3

52. What is the greatest common monomial factor of the expression: -13abc – 39bc + 26ab?

a. 26b c. 3b
b. -13b d. 13abc

53. Which factoring technique will best help you to factor the expression: x2 + 6x – 7 = 0?

a. Difference of two cubes c. Grouping

b. Completing the Square d. Common monomial factor

54. Find the general equation of the line which passes through the points (2, -1) and (-3, 5).

a. 6x + 6y – 5 = 0 c. 6x + 7y – 5= 0
b. 5x – 6y – 7 = 0 d. 6x + 5y – 7 = 0

55. Find the equation of the line with a slope of 4 and passing through the point (-5, 3).

a. x – 4y = -23 c. 4x – 4y = 23
b. 4x – y = -23 d. x – y = -4

56. If x = 1 and y = -2, what is the value of the expression x2/2xy – 4x + 3x/y2?

a. 15/2 c. 17/4
b. -9/2 d. -7/2

57. If a die is rolled, what is the probability of getting a number divisible by 2?

a. 1/3 c. ½
b.1/6 d. ¼

58. Which among the measures of central tendency is NOT influenced by outliers?

a. weighted mean c. mean

 b. median d. mode

59. John obtained the following results from her mathematics exam: 80, 82, 83, 91. What score must he
get on the next exam so that his average score is 85?

a. 85 c. 89
b. 92 d. 93

60. In a Math test, eight students obtained the following scores: 10, 12, 15, 18, 24, 12, 16, 14. What is the
median score?

a. 14 c. 15
c. 16 d. 14.5

61. The following table summarizes the scores of Section A on the recent periodic test in Mathematics.
What is the median score interval?

Score Frequency
16 – 23 2
24 – 31 4
32 – 39 6
40 – 47 12
48 - 55 10
56 - 62 8

a. 48 – 55 c. 40 – 47
b. 24 – 31 d. 32 – 39

62. The following score were obtained from the test: 6, 15, 18, 20, 14, 15, 20, 20. What is the mode?

a. 15 and 20 c. 14
b. 15 d. 20

For numbers 63 – 67, consider the following situation. The grades in Science of the students in Section
B are as follows: 100, 80, 60, 95, 70.

63. What is the mean absolute deviation their group?

a. 15.9 c. 11.7
b. 13.2 d. 14.6

64. What is the population variance of their group?

a. 280 c. 264
 b. 224 d. 250

65. What is the population standard deviation of their group?

a. 14.97 c. 1.58
b. 16.73 d. 1.41

66. What is the range of their group?

a. 80 – 95 c. 60 – 100
b. 70 – 100 d. 60 – 95

67. What can you infer from the measures of variability obtained from this population?

a. The population is very homogeneous.

b. the measure are very unstable.
c. The grades are very scattered .
d. The range of scores is a very reliable measure of variability.

68. What measures of central tendency can best describe the size of T-shirts commonly used by
teenagers?
a. mean c. mode
b. median d. both a and c

69. What is the probability of getting a multiple of 3 when die is tossed?

a. ¼ c. 1/3
b. ½ d. 1/6

70. In how many ways can 5 basketball players be chosen from a group of 9 players be chosen from a
group of 9 players?

a. 362,880 c. 15,120
b. 212 d. 126

71. How many ways can seven people can be seated at a round table?

a. 5040 c. 840
b. 720 d. 120

72. How many different 4-peerson committees can be formed from a total of 8 people?

a. 60 c. 80
b. 10 d. 70

73. In a Math class of 15 students, 9 students had an average of 80, while other six students had an
average of 85. What is the average of whole class?
 a. 82 c. 84
b. 83 d. 82.5

74. What do you call the arrangement of a number of objects in a definite order and arrangement?

a. Combination c. Probability
b. Permutation d. factorial

75. Find the range of the set of numbers: 7, 3, 9, 8, 1, 17

a. 17 c. 16
b. 10 d. 7

76. Two dice are tossed. How many possible outcomes are there?

a. 42 c. 36
b. 24 d. 12

77. The mean of 7 numbers is 63. What is the sum of the numbers?

a. 44.1 c. 0.9
b. 441 d. 9

For numbers 78 – 80.

In a case study of 100 students, the following data were obtained as the number of students
enrolled in Mathematics(M), Science(S) and History(C).

Subjects No. Of Students Enrolled

Math only 7
Science only 9
History only 14
Math and Science only 8
Math and History only 3
Science and History only 26
All Subjects 14

78. How many are not taking any of the subjects?

a. 31 c. 26
b. 19 d. 14

79. How many are enrolled in Math?

a. 22 c. 32
 b. 7 d. 18

80. How many are enrolled in any three of the subjects?

a. 90 c. 85
b. 81 d. 14

81.Solve for x: 625x+2 = (5)2x+10

a. -3 c. -1
b. 1 d. 3

82. Which numeral is equal to 8 x 10-7?

a. 0.00000008 c. 0.00008
b. 0.008 d. 0.0000008

83. What is one-eight of 280?

a. 210 c. 277
b. 230 d. 2120

84. The angles of a quadrilateral are in the ratio of 2:3:4:6. Find the degree measure of its largest angle.

a. 150 c. 144
b. 120 d. 72

85. If x = 2 and y = -x, the point lies in what quadrant?

a. I c. III
b. II d. IV

86. How many members of Set A are factors of any members of Set B?
SET A = (0,1,2,3,4,5)
SET B = (0,1,2,5,7,9,10)

a. 1 c. 3
c. 4 d. 2

87The simplest expression for 240/420 is ________?

a. 220 c. 420
b. 1 d. 4

88. A meter stick cut into two pieces at the 640-mm mark. What is the ratio of the smaller piece to
largest piece?
 a. 16:25 c. 13:50
b. 9:16 d. 9:25

89. What is 3m + 28dm when converted to centimetres?

a. 4800 c. 480
b. 580 d. 5800

90. What is the smallest positive integer that has 6, 8, and 10 as factors?

a. 80 c. 120
b. 240 d. 300

91. What must subtracted from 5x3 – 2x2 + 3x – 5 to get 2x3- 8 + 5x – 2x2?

a. 3x3 – 2x2 + 3 c. 3x3 – 2x + 3

b. 3x3 + 2x + 3 d. 3x3 – 2x2 – 3

92. If x2 is odd, which of these statements is true?

I. x is odd II. x2 is odd III. x2 + 1 is odd

a. I and III c. I and IV

b. I and II d. I only

93. What are the missing terms in the series 5, 10, 20, ____, 80, ____ 320?

a. 40, 120 c. 50, 120

b. 40, 160 d. 35, 135

94. In a certain school, the ratio of boys to girls is 3:7. If there are 150 boys and girls in the school, how
many boys are there?

a. 45 c. 105
b. 75 d. 90

95. How many twenty thousands are there in one million?

a. 500 c. 100
b. 50 d. 1000

96. In the example of 10 to the 5th power + 6x the exponent is?

a. y c. 5
 b. 6 d. 10

97. The sum of the sides of the polygon is the ____________.

a. area c. perimeter
b. volume d. legs

98. Supplementary angles have a total sum of

a. 90 degrees c. 180 degrees

b. 360 degrees d. 100 degrees

99. One angle of a parallelogram is 35 degrees? What are the measures of the three other angles?
a. 145°, 35°, 145° c. 45°, 65°, 170°
b. 85°, 135°, 140° d. 35°, 65°, 65°

100. If a student has an average of 76% on his first two tests and has an average of 85% on the next four
tests, what is the final average of all six tests?
a. 81.3% c. 80.5%
b. 82.0% d. 82.5%

LICENSURE EXAMINATION FOR TEACHERS (LET)

 WHAT TO EXPECT
FOCUS: MAJORSHIP (Specialization)
AREA: MATHEMATICS
LET COMPETENCIES:
1. Arithmetic and Number Theory
2. Business Math
3. Basic Algebra
4. Advanced Algebra
5. Plane Geometry
6. Solid Algebra
7. Trigonometry
8. Probability and Statistics
9. Analytical Geometry
10. Calculus
11. Modern Geometry
12. Linear and Abstract Algebra
13. History of Mathematics
14. Problem Solving
15. Mathematical Investigation
16. Instrumentation and Assessment

Prepared by: John Kenneth Hernandez Legaspi

FORMULAS IN MATHEMATICS
Algebra
 Operation with Zero
 Nx0=0
 N / 0 = Infinity
 0/N = 0
 0/0 = Indeterminate

 Exponents and Radicals

 x0 = 1`
 x -n
= 1/xn
 x x = xm+n
m n

 xm/xn = xm-n
 (xm)n = xmn
 (xy)n = xnyn
 (x/y)n = xn/yn
 (x/y)-n = (y/x)n

 Factoring
Common Factor - ax + ay + az = a(x+y+z)
Difference of Two Cubes - x2 - y² = (x+y)(x-y)
 Sum and Difference of Two Cubes - x3 + y3 = (x+y)(x2-xy+y2)
- x3 - y3 = (x-y)(x2+xy+y2)

Perfect Trinomial Square - x2 +2xy+y2 = (x+y)2

- x2 -2xy+y2 = (x-y)2

Non-Perfect Trinomial - acx2+(ad=bc)xy+bdy2 = (ax+by)(cx+dy)

 Special Product
 Square of Binomials:

(x+y)2 = x2 +2xy+y2
(x+y)2 = x2 - 2xy+y2

 Square of Multinomials:

(x+y+z+m+n) = x2 + y2 + z2 + m2 + n2 + 2xy + 2xz + 2xm + 2xn

+ 2yz + 2ym + 2yn + 2zm + 2zn + 2mn
(Note: The square of a multinomial is equal to the sum of the
squares of the separate term by every term which follows it.)

 Two Binomials with Like Terms:

(ax+by)(cx+dy) = acx2+ (ad + bc)xy+bdy2

 Sum and Difference of Two Numbers:

(x+y)(x-y) = x2 – y2

 Cube of Binomials:

(x+y)3 = x3 + 3x2y + 3xy2 + y3

(x-y)3 = x3 - 3x2y + 3xy2 - y3

 Binomial Theorem:

(x+y)0 = 1
(x+y)1 = x+y
(x+y)2 = x2+2xy+y2
(x+y)3 = x3 + 3x2y + 3xy2 + y3
(x+y)4 = x4+4x3y+6x2y2+4xy3+y4

 Determinants

Two Unknowns:
 a1x + b1y = c1 x = Nx/D
a2x + b2y = c2 y = Ny/D

Three Unknowns:
a1x + b1y+c1z = c1 x = Nx/D
a2x + b2y+c2z = c2 y = Ny/D
a3x + b3y+c3z = c3 z = Nz/D

TRIGONOMETRY

 Fundamental Formulas
y opposite x adjacent
sin  = = cot  = =
r hypotenuse y opposite
Opp. Hyp.
x adjacent r hypotenuse
cos  = = sec  = =
r hypotenuse x adjacent

y opposite r hypotenuse
tan  = = adj. csc  = =
x adjacent y opposite

 Relation of Functions

sin  = 1/csc  csc  = 1/sin 

cos  = 1/sec  sec  = 1/cos 
Tan  = sin  /cos  cot  = cos  /sin 
Tan  = 1/cot  cot  = 1/tan 

 Pythagorean Relation

In Right Triangle : x2 + y2 = r2 1 + tan2  = sec2 

Sin2  + cos2  = 1 1 + cot2  = csc2 

 Relation of Complementary Angles

Sin  = cos(90 -  cos  = sin (90 -  )

Tan  = cot (90 -  ) cot  = tan(90 -  )

 Function of angles greater than 90 degrees

sin  = cos(  -90) tan  = -cot(  -90)

 cos  = -sin (  -90) cot  =-tan(  -90)

 Functions of angles less than 180 degrees

sin  = sin(180 -  ) tan  = -tan(180 -  )

cos  = -cos(180 -  ) cot  =-cot(180 -  )

 Function of angles greater than 180 degrees

sin  = -sin(  -180) tan  =tan(  -180)

cos  = -cos(  -180) cot  = -cot(  -180)

 Function of angles less than 270 degrees

sin  = -cos(270 -  ) tan  = cot(270 -  )

cos  = sin(270-  ) cot  = tan(270 -  )

 Function of angles greater than 270 degrees

sin  = -cos(  -270) tan  = -cot(  -270)

cos  = sin(  -270) cot  = -tan(  -270)

 Function of angles less than 360 degrees

sin  = -sin(360 -  ) tan  = -tan (360-  )

cos  = cos(360 -  ) cot  = -cot(360 -  )

 Function of Negative Angles

Sin(-  ) = -sin  tan(-  ) = -tan 

Cos(-  ) = cos  cot(-  ) = -cot 

 Function of Angles greater than 360 degrees

sin  = sin(  -360 n) where n is any appropriate

Cos  = cos(  -360 n) integer
tan  = tan(  - 360 n)
If (  -360) is greater than 90 degrees apply the former formulas.

 Compound Angles

Sin (A + B) = Sin A Cos B + Cos A Sin B

Sin (A - B) = Sin A Cos B - Cos A Sin B
Cos (A + B) = Cos A Cos B - Sin A Sin B
Cos (A - B) = Cos A Cos B + Sin A Sin B
Tan (A + B) = Tan A + Tan B / 1 - Tan A Tan B
 Tan (A - B) = Tan A - Tan B / 1 + Tan A Tan B

 Double Angle Formulas

Sin 2A = 2 Sin A Cos A

Cos 2A = Cos2A - Sin2A
= 1 - 2 Sin2 A
= 2 Cos2A - 1
Tan 2A = 2 Tan A / 1 - Tan2A

 Triple Angle Formulas

Sin 3A = 3Sin A - 4Sin3A

Cos 3A = 4cos3A - 3Cos A
Tan 3A= 3Tan A - Tan3A / 1 - 3 Tan2A

 Half Angle Formulas

Sin A/2 = 1  cos A / 2

Cos A/2 = 1  CosA / 2
Tan A/2 = 1  cos A / 1  cos A = sin A /1 +Cos A = 1 - cos A / sin A

 Some Others Identities

Sin2A = 1/2 (1 - cos 2A) Tan2A = 1 - cos 2A / 1 + cos 2A

Cos2A = 1/2 (1 + cos 2A) Cot2A = 1 + cos2A / 1 - cos 2A

 Sum and Difference of Sines and Cosines

Sin A + Sin B = 2Sin 1/2 (A + B) Cos 1/2 (A - B)

Sin A - Sin B = 2 Cos 1/2 (A+B) Sin 1/2 (A-B)
Cos A + Cos B = -2Cos 1/2(A+B) Cos 1/2 (A-B)
Cos A - Cos B = 2Sin 1/2(A+B)Sin 1/2(A-B)

 Sum and Difference of Both Function and Angles

Sin(A+B) + Sin(A-B) = 2SinA CosB

Sin(A+B) - Sin (A-B) = 2CosA SinB
Cos(A+B) + Cos(A-B) = 2CosA CosB
Cos(A-B) - Cos(A-B) = -2SinA SinB

 Product of Sines and Cosines

SinA CosB = 1/2[Sin(A+B) + Sin(A-B)]

 CosA SinB = 1/2[Sin(A+B) - Sin(A-B)]
CosA CosB = 1/2[Cos(A+B) + Cos(A-B)]
SinA SinB = 1/2[Cos(A+B) - Cos(A-B)]

SOME OF THE FAMOUS MATHEMATICIANS

1. August Cauchy - famous for his studies in number theory and also compositional algebra who was
famous in octonions, a type of normed division algebra that contains an e variable.

2. Srinivasa Iyengar Ramanujan - an Indian mathematician and autodidact who lived during the British
rule. Though he had almost no formal training in pure mathematics, he made substantial contributions to
mathematical analysis, number theory, infinite series, and continued fractions.

3. Jacob Bernoulli - the mathematician and also physicist who introduces the e symbol.

4. MarinMersenne - known for his formula for finding prime which 2n-1 where n is a prime number.

5. Pierre de Fermat - known or his theorem that xn + yn = zn has no positive solutions if n is greater or
equal to 3.

6. Carl Friedrich Gauss - the Princeps Mathematicorum who introduced the normal distribution, the
congruence symbol or modulus in number theory, a method of finding the echelon of a matrix and first to
devised a formula in finding the sums of a given sequence.

7. William Rowan Hamilton - known for his discovery and introduction of quaternions, a type of
normed division algebra that involves distinct imaginary parts and known as space complex numbers.

8. Arabs - one who contribute mostly in the field of Mathematics during Medieval Ages and one who
spread the modern numeral system.

9. John Napier - famous for his introduction of logarithms.

10. Henry Briggs - known for his Brigssiaan logarithm, a type of logarithm having a base of 10.

11. William Oughtred - inventor of slide rule and introduce the multiplication rule.

12. Aristotle - Father of Logic

13. Captain John Huddart - inventor of protractor, an instrument in measuring angles.

14. Lorentz - introduced the Lorentz factor and Lorentz butterfly which serves as one of the models of
chaos theory.

15. De Moivre - devised the formula for polar coordiante and complex numbers.
16. Albert Einstein - famous German-American physicist who was known for his E = mc2.

17. Georg Friendrich Riemann - known for his introduction of elliptical geometry.

18. Leonhard Euler - blind mathematician known for his Euler’s number (e) and modern symbols for
differentiation. He also attempted to find the value of pi and devised the formula for the Platonic solids.

19. Karl Theodor Wilhelm Weierstrass - a German mathematician often cited as the “Father of Modern
Analysis”. Despite leaving university without a degree, he studied mathematics and trained as a teacher.
Weierstrass formalized the definition of the continuity of a function, proved the intermediate value
theorem and the Bolzano-Weiestrass theorem, and used the latter to study the properties of continuous
functions on closed bounded intervals.

20. Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz - one of the founders of calculus with Isaaac Newton who introduce
the Leibniz rule and modern symbol foe integration, the elongated S.

21. Georg Cantor - he introduced the set theory and some symbols for set theory.

22. Pappus - known for his theorem on solid of revolutions.

23. Neils Henrik Abel - known for his Abellian group that is use in number theory.

24. Gabriel Cramer - devised the method of solving linear equations through determinants.

25. Johannes Kepler - a physicist and mathematician and student of Tycho Brahe who devised the three
planetary laws and concluded that the orbit of the planets are elliptical.

26. Isaac Newton - one of the founders of calculus who devised the method of fluxions and the fluents.

27. Guillaume de L’Hospital - known for his special rule for limits that states that the limit of f(x)/g(x)
as x approaches to the certain value is the partial derivative of f(x) and g(x) provised f(x)/g(x) is
intermediate.

28. Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi - a German mathematician, who made fundamental contributions to
elliptic functions, dynamics, differential equations, and number theory.

29. David Hilbert - known for his Hilbert’s problem that composes of difficult math problems that
cannot be solve.

30. Blaise Pascal - inventor of Pascaline and introduced a special triangle for finding the coefficients of
a binomial expansion.

31. Gino Fano - known for his introduction of Fano plane, a projective plane having 7 points and 7 lines.

32. Cladius Ptolemy - geographer and mathematician known for his geocentric model and known for his
theorem on the diagonals of a cyclical quadrilateral.
33. Euclid - famous author of the Elements which paved way in studying plane geometry.

34. Brahmagupta - introduced the number “0” and wrote some very important works in Mathematics
and Astronomy.

35. Rene Descartes - Frech philosopher and mathematician known in introducing the coordinate system
which became the basis of analytic geometry. Known also for his modern symbols in radical with
vinculum ( a bar found at the top ) and theories about polynomial function.

36. Christoff Rudolf - the first man who introduce the radical sign.

37. Leonardo Fibonacci - known for his sequence 1,1,2,3,5… which known as Fibonacci sequence.

38. Al-Khwarizmi - An Arab Mathematician who contributes greatly in Algebra especially law of
exponents.

39. John Wallis - known for his definite integrals involving trigonometric derivatives.

40. Nikolai Lobachevsky and Janos Bolyai - they are the founders of hyperbolic geometry, a type of
non-Eucclidean geometry.

41. Benoit Mandelbrot - known for his introduction of fractals, a geometric figure that exhibits self
similarity.

42. Babylonians - first to introduced the first numeral system existed throughout the history

43. Hipparchus - known as one who devised the trigonometric tables using the chords of the circle.

44. Diophantus - regarded as the Father of Algebra and wrote the book Arithmetica, an essential book
for algebra. He was known for his equations that bear on his name.

45. Erathostenes - famous in calculating Earth’s circumference through shadows and devised the Sieve
of Erathostenes, attraditional method for finding prime numbers by means of listing.

46. Thales of Miletus - Greek philosopher who proved that the triangle inscribed in a semicircle is a
right triangle.

47. Apollonius of Perga - he is famous on his studies on conic sections.

48. Pythagoras - known for his theorem that in a right triangle, the length of the square of the
hypotenuse is equal to the sum of its squares of its legs (Pythagorean Theorem) and he is one who
introduced the numerology, a type of horoscope according to numbers.
50. Archimedes - famous Greek physicist and mathematician who devised the use of method of
exhaustion. He is the first to attempt in finding the value of pi and known to his books about spheres. In
physics, he was known for his Archimedes’ screw and Archimedes’ principle.

51. Gottfried Leibniz - was the first to use dot to indicate multiplication of algebraic terms in 1686.

52. Thomas Harriot - the first man who introduced the greater than ( > ) and less than (<) symbols in
1631.

53. Simon Stevin - a Dutchman, the most responsible for our use of decimals. He wrote La Disme, the
first book on the use of decimals. ‘

54. Johann Heinrich Rahn - Swiss Mathematician introduced the symbol ÷ for division.

55. Al - Hassar - Arabic author used horizontal line between the dividend and divisor as we do today.

56. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz - German Mathematician used period to indicate multiplication.

57. William Oughtred - introduced the symbol × for multiplication.

58. George Polya - Father of Modern Problem Solving.

59. Arthur Wynne - first crossword puzzle created.

60. Hindus - credited with the invention of zero.

BOARD LICENSURE
EXAMINATION FOR
PROFESSIONAL
TEACHERS

Mathematics Major
Tests
 LICENSURE EXAMINATION FOR TEACHERS
Specialization (Mathematics)

SET A

Practice Test: Choose the letter that corresponds to the best answer.
1. In a group of 80 students, there are 22 more girls than boys. How many girls are there in the group?

a. 51 c. 44
b. 48 d. 58

2. The sides of a triangle measures 37 dam and 58 dam, respectively. If the perimeter of the triangle is
174 dam, how long is the third side?

a. 95 dam c. 67 dam
b. 97 dam d. 79 dam

3. The base of a triangle is 4 dm longer than its altitude. If the area of the triangle is 30 dm2, how long is
the base of the triangle?

a. 6 dm c. 4 dm
b. 10 dm d. 8 dm

4. A shoe box has a capacity of 9.384 ft3. If its length is 3.4 ft and its width is 1.2 ft, what is the height of
the shoe box?

a. 1.8 ft c. 2.3 ft
b. 2.5 ft d. 2.2 ft

5. The bases of trapezoidal pond are 150 meters and 220 meters, respectively. If the height is 90 meters,
what is the area of the pond?

a. 23,400 sq. m. c. 20,000 sq. m.

b. 22,000 sq. m. d. 14, 300 sq. m.

6. Which of the following set of numbers have a least common multiple of 315?

a. 9, 11, and 13 c. 3, 5 and 7

b. 5, 7 and 9 d. 7, 9 and 11

7. Which of the following is the simplified form of 225 minutes?

 a. 3 hours and 35 minutes c. 3 hours and 45 minutes
b. 3 hours and 56 minutes d. 4 hours and 5 minutes

8. John is training for his running competition. He can run around a 500 meter track six times in 18
minutes. How long does he take to run a total of 4 kilometres?

a. 6 minutes c. 18 minutes
b. 24 minutes d. 48 minutes

9. Which of the following is the prime factorization of 2 100?

a. 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 3 x 5 x 7 c. 2 x 3 x 3 x 5 x 5 x 7
b. 2 x 2 x 3 x 5 x 5 x 7 d. 2 x 3 x 3 x 3 x 5 x 7 x 7

10. What do the numbers 495, 675, and 585 have in common?

I. These numbers are divisible by 11.

II. These numbers are divisible by 9.
III. These numbers are divisible by 7.
IV. These numbers are divisible by 5.

a. II and IV c. II and III

b. II and IV d. I and IV

11. When do we say that a number is divisible by 5?

I. When the number is a multiple of 12.

II. When the number is divisible by 4.
III. When the last digit of the number is either 0 or 5.
IV. When the last digit of the number is 5.

a. I only c. II and III

b. III only d. I and IV

12. There are 15 boys and 33 girls in the class of II-Banaba. What is the ratio of the number of girls to
the number of boys?

a. 5 : 11 c. 11 : 5
b. 16 : 11 d. 11 : 16

13. Three numbers are in the ratio of 2 : 5 ; 7. If the biggest of the three is 140, what is the sum of the
three numbers?

a. 210 c. 420
b. 280 d. 140
14. How many decimetres of fencing materials is needed to enclose a 10 meters by 15 meters of
rectangular garden?
a. 300 dm c. 150 dm
b. 250 dm d. 500 dm

15. Lloyd bought 300 grams of sugar, 750 grams of flour, 160 grams of butter, and 240 grams of baking
powder. If he will combine all the ingredients, what will be the mass of the mixture in kilogram?

a. 1.35 kg c. 1.25 kg
b. 1.45 kg d. 1.55 kg

16. Which of the following measurements is the longest?

a. 1.32 km c. 13 200 cm
b. 132 000 mm d. 1 325 m

17. What relationship exists between or among two or more lines that intersect at one and only one
point?

a. Concurrent c. Parallel
b. Skew d. Perpendicular

18. What is the sum of the measures of the interior angles of a pentagon?

a. 540 degrees c. 360 degrees

b. 180 degrees d. 720 degrees

19. A set of three positive integers has a sum of 9 and a product of 24. if the smallest of the integers is 2,
what is the largest?

a. 4 c. 8
b. 6 d. 2

20. How many lines can pass through two distinct points?

a. One line c. Two lines

b. Infinitely many d. None

21. The sum of the interior angles of a polygon is 1800 degrees. How many sides does the polygon have?

a. Ten c. Twelve
b. Eight d. Sixteen

22. If x = log1000106 then x = ?

a. 4 c. 8
 b. 6 d. 2

23. 52log57 = ?

a. 2 c. 7
b. 49 d. 6

24. If log y 32 = 5, then y = ___________?

a. 2 c. 25
b. 4 d. 50

25. A polygon has nine diagonals. What is the polygon?

a. Hexagon c. Heptagon
b. Nonagon d. Octagon

26. The diagonals of the triangle are in the ratio 3 : 7. If the sum of the lengths of the diagonals is 50 in.,
how long is the longest diagonal?

a. 35 in. c. 15 in.
b. 40 in. d. 10 in.

27. 0.165165 ……… is equal to what fraction in lowest term?

a. 165/999 c. 55/333
b. 165/99 d. 55/33

28. The diagonals of parallelogram WXYZ intersect at E. If BD is 26 cm long, how long is ED?

a. 13 cm c. 26 cm
b. 52 cm d. 104 cm

29. If the volume of a cube is 125 cubic inches, what will be its new volume if the edge will be doubled?

a. 10000 inches c. 1000 cubic inches

b. 100 cubic inches d. 246 cubic inches

30. Lines TA and TB are tangent to circle o at points A and B, respectively. If the length of segment TA
is 10 cm, how long is the segment TB?

a. 10 cm c. 20 cm
b. 30 cm d. 5 cm
31. What is the area of the bigger triangle if the ratio of the sides of two similar triangles is 4 : 6 and the
area of the smaller triangle is 128 square units?

a. 192 square units c. 215 square units

b. 288 square units d. 512 square units

32. Which of the following are the factors of 6x² + 17x + 12?

a. (3x + 3)(2x +4) c. (3x – 3)(3x – 4)

b. (2x + 3)(3x + 4) d. (2x +3)(3x + 2)

33. What is the factored form of the expression 15m3n2n+ 27 mn4 – 9 m2n?

a. 3mn (5m2n + 9n3 – 3m) c. 3mn (5m3n + 9n2 – 3m)

b 3mn (5mn + 9n4 – 3m) d. 3mn (5m2n2 + 9n3 – 3m2)

34. Which of the following is the best translation of ’35 diminished by the product of p and q is equal to
the sum of twice r and thrice s’?

a. pq – 35 = 2r + 3s c. 35 – pq = 2r + 3s
b. pq – 35 = 2(r + 3s) d. 35 – pq = 2(r + 3s)

35. Which of the following expression will result to a trinomial when simplified?

a. (x + 2)2 – (x – 4)2 c. 2x – 3y – 5 + (3y + 5)

b. 5(2x + 3)3 d. 2(x – 3)2

36. What property is being described in the statement ‘ if a = b = c, then a = c’?

a. Transitive c. Symmetry
b. Reflexivity d. Symmetry

37. What will be the resulting algebraic expression when (2y – 3w) is multiplied by (4x + 5)?

a. 8yx – 12wx – 15w + 10y c. 8yx + 12wx + 15w – 10y

b. 6yx – 7wx + 8w – 7y d. 6yx – wx – 2w + 7v

38. There are 380 students in the BSED course. If the ratio of the male students to the female students is
8 : 11, how many female students are there?

a. 220 female students c. 240 female students

b. 180 female students d. 160 female students

39. There are cars and bicycles in a parking lot. A man counted a total of 54 vehicles but found out that
there are 144 wheels. How many bicycles are there?
 a. 27 c. 36
b. 9 d. 18

40. A poultry farm has a chickens and goats. When the manager of the poultry counted the heads of the
stock, the count was 295. When the number of legs was counted, the count was 874. How many chickens
were there in the farm?

a. 153 chickens c. 241 chickens

b. 112 chickens d. 285 chickens

41. If 8x + 2x + 5x + 4x = 114, what is the value of 5x + 3?

a. 12 c. 47
b. 33 d. 25

42. If the sides of a triangle are in the ratio of 5 : 12 : 13, then the triangle is__________?

a. isosceles c. right
b. acute d. obtuse

43. The surface area of a cube is 96 squares centimeters. How many cubic centimeters are there in the
volume of the cube?

a. 16 c.60
b. 64 d. 23

44. How many decametres are there in 0.75 km?

a. 0.075 dam c. 75 dam

b. 0.0075 dam d. 750 dam

45. If ab = 24 and a – b = 2, what are the integral values of a and b assuming that both integers are
positive?

a. a = 8; b = 3 c. a = 4; b = 6
b. a = 3; b = 8 d. a = 6; b = 4

46. What is simplified form of the expression (4m + 8n – 10p) – (3m – 5n + 13p)?

a. m + 13n – 23p c. 7m + 13n – 3p

b. 7m – 13n -23p d. m + 13n – 23p

47. What will be the value of the algebraic expression 3x2 – 7y + 2z3 when x = 3, y = 2 and z = 1?

a. 23 c. 15
 b. - 4 d. - 11

48. The transmuted scores of a student in her first four examinations are 82, 74, 79, and 85. What should
be her transmuted score in the fifth examination if her target mean score is 82?

a. 91 c. 90
b. 89 d, 92

49. In how many ways can you arrange six chairs in a classroom if it has a space only for four chairs?

a. 120 ways c. 480 ways

b. 240 ways d. 360 ways

50. How many ways can we arrange the letters of the word PENCIL if a vowel should come first?

a. 360 ways c. 240 ways

b. 580 ways d. 480 ways
 LICENSURE EXAMINATION FOR TEACHERS
Specialization (Mathematics)

SET B

Practice Test: Choose the letter that corresponds to the best answer.
1. A basket contains apples. One-sixth, one-fourth, and one-third was given to the first, second and third
student. Twelve apples were given to the fourth student. How many apples were there in the basket?

a. 48 c. 36
b. 24 d. 12

2. The area of a square is five times its perimeter. Find the side of the square.

a. 12 c. 8
b. 16 d. 20

3 3 1
3. . Add the following: 12ft 9 in, 13ft 2 in, and 7ft 11 .
4 4 2

a. 24 ft. c. 32 ft.
b. 31 ft. 36 in. d. 34 ft.

4. If x2 – y2 = 77 and x + y = 11, what is the value of x?

a. 11 c. 18
b. 9 d. 20

5. Lina has one third as much as Macy, and twice as much as John. If Macy has Php120.00, John has?

a. Php20.00 c. Php80.00
b. Php60.00 d. Php10.00

6. What is the unit’s digit of 7214 + 3?

a. 5 c. 4
b. 3 d. 2

7. Which of the following statement is TRUE?

I. Right angles are congruent angles.
II. Angles in a linear pair are supplementary.
 III. Complementary angles are acute angles.

a. I only c. I, II, and III

b. I and II d. II

8. Kenny is 3 times as old as Johnny. Six years from now, Kenny will be twice as old as Johnny. How
old is Kenny at present?

a. 18 c. 12
b. 6 d. 24

9. A time deposit in a bank will mature after 91 days. If the deposit was made on April 28, on what date
will it mature?

a. July 28 c. August 18
b. July 29 d. August 19

10. If the time now is 4:00 p.m., what time will it be in 25 hours?

a. 4:00 p.m. c. 5:00 p.m.

b. 6:00 p.m. d. 7:00 p.m.

11. If a map represent 1 cm for every 75 km. How many cm the map would represent the distance
between two town which are 270 km?

a. 5.4 cm c. 1.8 cm
b. 3.6 cm d. 2.7 cm

12. What are the factors of 64x3 + 27?

a. (4x + 3)3 c. (4x + 3)(16x2 + 9)

b. (4x + 3)(16x2 + 12x + 9) d. (4x + 3)(16x2- 12x + 9)

13. What is the value of k so that 3 is a zero of the polynomial 5x3 – 15x + kx + 21?

a. 9 c. -9
b. 7 d. -7

14. In a group of 50 female students, 18 play basketball, 26 play badminton, and 3 play both basketball
and badminton. How many of these boys do not play either basketball or badminton?

a. 18 c. 8
b. 9 d. 7

𝑥²+5
15. If x2 + 3 = 7, find x2 + 5/x2 + 2 ?
𝑥²+2
 3 2
a. 4/5 c. 3/2
2 3
4 5
b. 5/4 d. 2/3
5 4

16. Subtract 2xy – 4x + 6 from 5x(y + 4) – 3(xy – 2).

a. 24x c. -24x
b. -2xy – 6 d. 2xy – 6

17. Solve for x: 8 + 2x / 3x  2 = 3x  2

a. 5 c. -10
b. 10 d. -5

18. How many distinct arrangements can be made from the word ‘LETTER”?

a. 720 c. 30
b. 60 d. 180

19. What is the area of a triangle whose vertices are (-2,2), (0,3), and (2, -2)?

a. 10 sq. units c. 6 sq. units

b. 25 sq. units d. 20 sq. units

20. In how many ways can a committee of 5 members be selected from 5 males and 4 females if it to
wrist of 3 male and female?

a. 10 c. 60
b. 20 d. 120

21. Two mangoes are drawn at a random from 20 mangoes of which 4 are over-ripe. What is the
probability that one mango is good and the other is over-ripe?

a. 5/126 c. 16/95
b. 12/19 d. 3/95

22. A necklace marked Php3,500 was increased by 15%. In the inventory sale the price of the same
necklace was reduced by 10%. How much was the final price of the necklace?

a. Php4,002.50 c. Php3,622.50
b. Php4, 720.50 d. Php2,887.50
23. Joseph started painting a wall at 8:00am and was able to finish painting 3/5 of it at 9:30am.
Continuing at this rate, at what time will he finish?

a. 11:15am c. 10:45am
b. 10:30am d. 9:45am

24. The degree measure of a parallelogram are in the ratio of 3 : 4 : 5 : 6, by how many degrees does the
measure of the largest exceed the measure of the smallest angle?

a. 60 c. 120
b. 20 d. 100

25. Anne is 7th from the front of a line and 9th from the last. How many students are there in line?

a. 17 c. 16
b. 15 d. 14

26. How many numbers are divisible by 5 from 200 to 700?

a. 100 c. 101
b. 102 d. 103

27.If today is Wednesday, what day will it be ninety days from now?

a. Friday c. Monday
b. Tuesday d. Thursday

28. Fifty posts are 6 meter apart. What is the total distance between the first and the last post?

a. 306 c. 300
b. 288 d. 294

29. What is the next number in the sequence 11, 13, 16, 21, 29, ?

a. 43 c. 42
b. 41 d. 40

30. He was considered the ‘Father of Modern Mathematics.’

a. Henry Briggs c. Rene Descartes

b. Blaise Pascal d. Leonhard Euler

31. Solve for x: log3(2x-1) = 2

a. 5 c. 4
b. 4 d. -5
32. If 4 men can repair 12 machines in 8 hours. How many men are needed to repair 36 machines in 16
hours?

a. 9 c. 8
b. 6 d. 3

33. The sum of two numbers is 21, and one of the numbers is twice the other, what are the numbers?

a. 10 and 11 c. 7 and 14
b. 8 and 13 d. 9 and 12

34. M C M X C V I is a Roman Numeral equivalent to?

a. 1966 c. 1986
b. 1976 d. 1996

35. The ratio of the length of a rectangle to its width is 3 : 4. If the length is 12 m, what is the area of the
rectangle?

a. 144m2 c. 158m2
b. 192m2 d. 96m2

36. Which of the following is the smallest?

a. sin 30 c. ( ½ )3
b. ( 2/3 )-2 d. ( 4x2)0

37. Triangle JKL is similar to Triangle SJT. SJ = 5cm and JT = 8cm and SJ = 3cm. If the longest side of
triangle JKL is 20, what is the perimeter of Triangle JKL?

a. 64 cm c. 28 cm
b. 28 cm d. 16 cm

38. Which of the following set of ordered pair is a function?

a. (0,0), (1,1),(2,2),(3,2),(0,1) c. (1,1),(7,8),(6,-2),(12,6)

b. (0,0),(1,0),(2,1),(3,1),(1,3) d. (3,5),(5,3),(6,4),(4,5)

39. Iah is making a basket. If she put 3 mangoes in each basket she will make 30 baskets. Instead, she put
5 mangoes in each basket, how many baskets will she needed?

a. 15 c. 18
b. 30 d. 50

40. Subtract 2 hours 26 minutes and 45 seconds from 6 hours 25 minutes and 15 seconds.
 a. 8 hours 52 minutes c. 3hrs 58mins 30secs
b. 3hrs 59min 30 secs d. 4 hrs 1min 30secs

41. Solve for x in log10x + log10(x + 21) = 2

a. 2 c. 3
b. 4 d. 1

42. log (x-4) + log (x-3) = log 30, find the value of x.

a. -2 c. 9
b. 9 d. 2

4 5 −1 4 5 1
43. Find the trace of A 0 −11 2 0  11 2
−3 1 13  3 1 13

a. 7 c. 6
b. 4 d. 3

5 3 5 3
44. Evaluate: | |
−4 2 4 2

a. 23 c. 24
b. 22 d. 25

1 2 3
45. Evaluate:  4 5 1
0 1 2
1 2 3
−4 5 1
0 −1 2
a. 37 c. 36
b. 39 d. -39

5
46. Evaluate: ∑5𝑖=1(4𝑖 − 5).  (4i  5)
i 1

a. 36 c. 37
 b. 35 d. 38

47. If the first three terms of an arithmetic sequences are 5, -1, -7, ... find t10.

a. -48 c. 48
b. 49 d. -49

48. If x = log887, then x = ?

a. 8 c. 1
b. 0 d. 7

49. If x = log7492, then x = ?

a. 27 c. 3
b. 9 d. 4

50. ( x0 )3/4
a. x3/4 c. 0
b. ¾ d. 1
 LICENSURE EXAMINATION FOR TEACHERS
Specialization (Mathematics)

SET C

Practice Test: Choose the letter that corresponds to the best answer.
1. Prince can paint a room in ten hours. Michael can finish the same task in twelve hours, how long will
it take the two of them if they work together?

a. 4 hours c. 6.25 hours

b. 5.25 hours d. 5.45 hours

2. By how much is 35% of 220 greater than 55% of 140?

a. 20 c. 0
b. 15 d. 10

3. A container contains twelve liters when it is 30% full. How much does it contain when it is 90% full?

a. 48L c. 36L
b. 42L d. 64L

4. A graduating class of 160 males and 180 females held a seniors ball. What percent attended if 60% of
the females and 70% of the males were there?

a. 67.06% c. 68.97%
b. 62.73% d. 64. 71%

5. What is the area of a triangular piece of farm which has a ‘base’ of 940m and a ‘height’ of 128m?

a. 120,320 sq. m c. 160, 240 sq. m

b. 60,160 sq. m d. 80,120 sq. m

6. How much cloth is required to cover a table whose diameter is 1.5 meters?
 a. 16.76 sq. m c. 17.67 sq. m
b. 1.767 sq. m d. 1.676 sq. m

7. When a woman died, she left a large piece of land to his husband and five children. How large is the
share of the wife if the total land area is 66 hectares?

a. 22 ha c. 11 ha
b. 13.2 ha d. 26.4 ha

8. Form of linear equation in one variable

a. ax + by + c = 0 c. ax + b = 0
b. ax2 + bx + c = 0 d. ax2 – by + dx + ef = 0

9. Perform the indicated operation and reduce result to simplest form:xy3 / y2 ÷ x2z
2𝑥²−3𝑥−14 2𝑥²−𝑥−10
2𝑥²−3𝑥−5 2𝑥²−5𝑥−7
𝑥²+2 2 2 𝑥²+1
a. x/y z c. x2/xy2
𝑥²+4 𝑥²+4

𝑥²+4𝑥+4 𝑥²+4
b. y/xz d. x/xy
𝑥²+2𝑥+1 𝑥²+1

10. Find the distance between the points (-3,2) and (5,3).

a. √45 65 c. √65 45
b. √56 55 d. √55 35

11. Perform the operation given that: A={-4,-2,0,2,4}, B ={-4,-2,0,3,4} AUB?

a. {-4,-2,0,3} c. {4,2,0,3}
b. {-4,-2,0,2,3,4} d. {-4,-2,0,2,3,4,5}

12. The cost of all items sold by Minimart office supply during the month of May is Php95,000. What is
the breakeven point if the overhead is Php50,000.

a. Php105,000 c. Php45,000
b. Php85,000 d. Php145,000

13. Simplify (a2 – 5a)/(5 – a)

a. 5 – a c. –a
b. a d. a – 5

14. List the four smallest elements of the set, { y/y = 2x + 1, x natural numbers}

a. 3,5,7,9 c. 3,4,5,6
 b. 1,2,3,4 d. 1,3,5,7

3𝑥−15
15. Simplify the expression: 3x - 15 / 2x2 - 50 × 2x2 - 16x - 30 / 6x - 9
2𝑥²−50
2𝑥²−16𝑥−30
6𝑥−9
a. x – 3 / 2x + 3 c. x – 3 / 2x – 3
b. x + 3 / 2x + 3 d. x + 3 / 2x – 3

16. Factor over the integers by grouping: 3x3 + x2 + 6x + 2.

a. (3x2 + 1)(x + 2) c. (3x – 1)(x2 + 2)

b. (3x + 1)(x2 + 2) d. (3x2 + 1)(x - 2)

17. Use the absolute value notation to describe the given situation: the distance between x and 3.

a. -/x-3/ c. -/x+3/
b. /x+3/ d. /x-3/

18. Find the acute angle between two lines have the direction numbers (1,1,0) and (2,1,2)

a. 30° c. 45°
b. 20° d. 50°

19. Simplify the given exponential expression: (6a²b)(-2a3b5)

a. 4a5b6 c. -4a6b5
b. -12a5b6 d. 2a6b5

20. By inspection, determine whether each percentage is greater than, equal to, less than, or less than and
equal to the base: 100% of 0.12.

a. Percentage is equal to the base

b. Percentage is greater than the base
c. Percentage is less than the base
d. Percentage is less than and equal to the base

21. Three fourths of the contestants in a national training program are from private universities. Two
thirds of these are from the Teacher Education Institute. If there are 96 participants, how many of them
represent private Teacher Education Institute?

a. 24 c. 72
b. 48 d. 18

22. If f(x) = 2x-3 and g(x) = x2 – 1, find (f*f) (x).

a. 2x2 – 5 c. 4x -9
B. 2x2 - 12 + 8 d. x4 - 2x2
23. A total Php75, 000 is deposited into two simple interest accounts. In one account the annual simple
interest rate is 5% and in the second account the annual simple interest rate is 7%. The total amount of
the interest earned for 1 year was Php4,050, how much was invested in each account?

a. At 5% = Php60,000; at 7% = Php15,000
b. At 5% = Php15,000; at 7% = Php60,000
c. At 5% = Php50,000; at 7% = Php25,000
d. At 5% = Php55,000; at 7% = Php20,000

24. Find the direction numbers for the line that joins the points (1,3,4) and (-2,3,7)

a. (-1,0,1) c. (1,-1,0)
b. (1,-1,2) d. (1,0,-1)

25. Determine the percentage : Rate : 200% ; Base = 30

a. 120 c. 360
b. 60 d. 3,900

26. The intersection of Sets C and D is defined by C ∩ D = ｛x/x C and D｝If C = ｛a,b,c,d,e｝, B = ｛
a,c,f,g｝, find C ∩ D?

a. ｛a,c｝ c. ｛a,b,c,g｝
b. ｛a,f,g｝ d. ｛b,c,g｝

27. An 18th century Swiss Mathematician, he introduced the “ Law of Large Numbers” in his ( The Art
of Conjecture). Who was he?

a. Jacob Bernoulli c. Stephen Baldwin

b. Bertrand Russel d. Girolamo Cardano

28. He introduced a method of determining the optical values of a linear function subject to a certain
constraints. This method is known as linear programming. Who is he?

a. George Canter c. George Dantzig

b. Richard Dedelind d. Bertrand Russel

29. Who published a treatise on trigonometry which contains the earliest use of our abbreviation : sin,
tan, sec, for sine, tangent and secant?

a. Albert Gerard c. Johann Herdde

b. John Napier d. Gregorio de Saint
30. He was been described as the greatest “might have been” in the history of mathematics.

a. Blaise Pascal c. Garpard Monge

b. Gregorio de Saint d. Bonaventura Cavalier

31. Find the x and y intercepts of the following = y = 2x2 - 3x - 2.

a. (0,-2), (2,0), (-1/2,0) c. (0,2), (1,0), (-1/2,0)

b. (0,2), (2,0), (-1/2,0) d. (2,0), (2,0), (-1/2,0)

32. Which is TRUE for subgroups of a group?

a. The intersection of two subgroups is empty

b. The union of two subgroups is also a group
c. The intersection of two subgroups is also a group
d. Subgroups for a partition of a group

33. Find two positive numbers whose product is 64 and whose number is minimum.

a. 1 and 64 c. 63 and 1
b. 8 and 8 d. 32 and 2

34. For mutually exclusive events A and B, P(A U B) = P(A) + P(B).

a. Multiplicative Rule c. Addition Rule

b. General Rule d. Subtraction Rule

35. For a sequence of events A, B, and C, P(A U B U C) = P(A), + P(B/A), P(C/A U B)

c. Multiplicative Rule c. Addition Rule

d. General Rule d. Subtraction Rule

36. A ball is drawn at random from a box containing 6 red balls, 4 white balls and 5 blue balls. Find the
probability that it is white.

a. 1/3 c. 4/15
b. 4/13 d. 4/5

37. A subset of a sample space is ____________?

a. Event c. Discrete Variable

b. Phenomenon d. Continuous Variable
38. Which among the measures of central tendency is not influenced by outliers?

a. Weighted mean c. Mean

b. Median d. Mode

39. The logarithm of the product of two numbers is equal to the _______ of the logarithm of the factors.

a. Product c. sum
b. Difference d. antilogarithm

40. log2x 16 equals?

a. 4 c. 3
b. 1 d. 2

41. The average of the ages of to friends is 19. If one of them is 17, how old is the other which
equation will approximately solve this problem?
a. x = (2)(19) - 17 c. x = (2)(19) - 19
B. x = (2)(19) + 19 d. x = (2)(19) + 17

42. The ULTRA baseball field is 100 meters from goal line. If it is 360 meters around a softball field,
how wide is the field?

a. 70 meters c. 80 meters
b. 90 meters d. 85 meters

43. If the opposite sides of a quadrilateral are equal, the figure is a _______?

a. Parallelogram c. Square
b. Shambers d. recctangle

44. The sum of the sides of a polygon is the __________of the polygon.

a. Volume c. Leg
b. Area d. Perimeter

45. A cube has a volume of 64 cubic meters. What are its dimensions?

a. 3cm x 3cm x 7cm c. 8cm x 8cm x 1cm

b. 4cm x 4cm x 4cm d. 16cm x 2cm x 2cm

46. Lina received an aquarium as a graduation gift from her mother. It was length, width, and height of 9
centimeters, 7 centimeters and 5 centimeters. Find its volume?
 a. 318 cubic meters c. 315 cubic meters
b. 316 cubic meters d. 314 cubic meters

47. The surface on the earth between the tropic of cancer and the arctic Circle is called_____?

a. Cone c. Zone
b. Plane d. Circle

.48. The approximately shape of the earth is________.

a. Cube c. Sphere
b. Circle d. Cone

49. He invented a method of determining the optimal values of a linear function subject to certain
constraints. This method is known as linear programming.

a. George Dantzig c. Bertrand Russel

b. Richard Dedekind d. George Canter

50. He was a 16th century mathematician, who was the first to define that the probability of an event to
happen is the quotient of the number of the favorable outcomes and the number of all outcomes. Who
was he?

c. George Dantzig c. Bertrand Russel

d. Richard Dedekind d. Blaise Pascal
 LICENSURE EXAMINATION FOR TEACHERS
Specialization (Mathematics)

WORD PROBLEMS

1. Mary, May, Marie, and Mario together bought a basket of 144 mangoes. Mary received 10 more
mangoes than May, 26 more than Marie, and 32 more than Mario. How many mangoes did Mary
received?

2. Jepoy’s average in six subjects is 83. if his lowest grade is disregarded, his average remaining subjects
is 84. What is his lowest grade?

3. Two cars start from the same point at the same time and travel in the same direction at constant speed
of 34 and 45 kph. If they start at 8 : 00 a.m., at what time will they be 33 km apart?

4. How many kilometers can a motorist travel from 8 : 55 a.m. to 10 : 10 p.m. at a rate of 60 km per
hour?

5. How many liters of 20 % chemical solution must be mixed with 30 liters of 60 % solution to get a 50
% mixture?

6. Paul and John together have Php7,500.00. One - half of Paul’s money is equal to 1/3 of John’s money.
How much does each one have?
7. Lian Rose has 2 1/4 meters of materials, she uses 1/3 of this. What is the length of the materials is left?

8. A picture frame has a dimensions of 33 in by 24 in. What amount must be cut from each dimension so
that the ratio of the shorter side to the longer side is 2/3?

9. The total area of a cylindrical cone is 25 squared centimeter. Find the total area of a cylindrical cone
whose radius and the height are three times as great as the given cylinder.

10. A tank 3 feet high, 8 feet wide, and 10 feet long is filled to the top. How many gallons of water does
it hold if 1 cubic feet holds about 7.5 gallons?

11. How many 2-ft x 4-ft floor tiles are needed to cover a floor that is 12-ft by 20-ft?

12. During a sale, the prices of most of the articles were reduced by 33 1/3 %. To restore the prices of
these articles to its original, they must now increase their prices by how many percent?

13. If a clock strikes the appropriate number of times on each hour, how many times will it strike in 2
days?

14. If a pack of milk makes 20 glasses of milk and one glass of milk requires 5 spoonfuls of milk, how
many spoonfuls of milk are there?

15. The greatest common factor of two numbers is 5 and their least common multiple is 525. What is the
product of the two numbers?

16. The area of rectangular pond is 414 squared feet and the perimeter is 82 feet. What are the
dimensions of the rectangular pond?
17. In a polyhedron, the number of corners plus the sum of the faces minus the number of edges is equal
to _____________.

18. What are the possible remainders of prime numbers greater than 2 when it is divided by 5?

19. What is the sum of the squares of the first 4 prime numbers?

20. A stick was cut into 2 parts at the 45 - cm mark. What is the ratio of the lengths of the two pieces to
each other?

21. Find the average of all numbers from 1 to 100 that ends in 8?

22. A short costs a man Php488.00 after he received a 20 % discount. What is the original cost of the
short?

23. Instead of multiplying the number by 17, Maria divided it by 17. If the answer she obtained was 1,
what should have been the correct answer?

24. Is the sum of any two prime numbers always a composite number?

25. Is the ratio of the diameter of all circles to circumference to the diameter always the same?

26. What time is 3 hours and 17 minutes before 2 : 07 am?

27. Is the sum of a prime number and a composite number always even?
28. Paul was sent to the mall to get eleven cans of cocktail. John could carry only two cans at a time/
How many trips to the store did Paul have to make?

29. A 480m wire is cut into three pieces. The second piece is three times as long as the first. The third
piece is four times as long as the second. How long is each piece?

30. There are 570 students in a school. If the ratio male to female 12 : 7, how many male students are
there?

KEY TO CORRECTION
GENERAL EDUCATION

1) A 24) B 47) C
2) D 25) C 48) D
3) C 26) A 49) B
4) A 27) C 50) C
5) A 28) D 51) A
6) B 29) C 52) B
7) C 30) A 53) B
8) C 31) B 54) D
9) B 32) B 55) B
10) B 33) D 56) D
11) A 34) B 57) C
12) C 35) B 58) B
13) C 36) C 59) C
14) D 37) B 60) D
15) A 38) A 61) C
16) C 39) D 62) A
17) A 40) A 63) B
18) A 41) A 64) B
19) C 42) B 65) C
20) D 43) B 66) C
21) B 44) B 67) C
22) C 45) A 68) C
23) B 46) C 69) C
70) D 83) C 96) C
71) A 84) C 97) C
72) D 85) D 98) C
73) A 86) C 99) A
74) A 87) B 100) B
75) C 88) B
76) C 89) B
77) B 90) C
78) B 91) C
79) C 92) B
80) B 93) B
81) C 94) A
82) D 95) B
KEY TO CORRECTION
MAJORSHIP

SET A

1. A 18. A 35. D
2. D 19. A 36. C
3. A 20. A 37. A
4. C 21. C 38. A
5. A 22. D 39. C
6. B 23. B 40. A
7. C 24. A 41. B
8. B 25. B 42. C
9. B 26. A 43. B
10. B 27. D 44. C
11. B 28. A 45. C
12. C 29. C 46. D
13. B 30. A 47. C
14. C 31. A 48. C
15. B 32. B 49. D
16. B 33. A 50. A
17. D 34. C

SET B

1) A 5) C 9) A
2) D 6) D 10) C
3) D 7) C 11) B
4) B 8) A 12) D
13) D 26) C 39) D
14) C 27) B 40) C
15) C 28) D 41) B
16) A 29) B 42) B
17) B 30) C 43) C
18) D 31) A 44) B
19) C 32) C 45) B
20) C 33) C 46) B
21) C 34) D 47) D
22) C 35) B 48) D
23) B 36) B 49) D
24) C 37) D 50) D
25) B 38) A
SET C

17. D 34. C
1. A 18. C 35. D/c
2. C 19. B 36. C
3. C 20. A 37. A
4. D 21. B 38. B
5. B 22. C 39. C
6. B 23. D 40. A
7. C 24. D 41. A
8. C 25. B 42. C
9. B 26. A 43. A
10. A 27. A 44. D
11. B 28. C 45. B
12. C 29. A 46. C
13. C 30. B 47. C
14. A 31. A 48. C
15. B 32. B 49. A
16. B 33. B 50. D

WORD PROBLEMS

1) 53 9) 225 sq. cm.

2) 78 10) 1800 gallons
3) 11:00 am 11) 30 tiles
4) 795 km 12) 50%
5) 10L 13) 312
6) Paul = P3000 ; John = P4500 14) 100 spoonfuls
7) 1 1/2 m 15) 5625
8) 6 inches 16) 18ft by 23ft
17) 2 24) No
18) 1,2,3,4 25) Yes
19) 8 26) 10:50pm
20) 9:11 27) No
21) 53 28) 6 strips
22) P610 29) 30m; 60m; 360m
23) 289 30) 360