AL Physics Mock Examination (07-08) Suggested Answers

1. (a)(i) Let h be the minimum height

mgh = mv2/2 + mg(2r) ------ (1) 1M
For looping the loop, the ball performs circular motion.
At E: N + mg = mv2/r
N≥0
mv2/r − mg ≥ 0
v2 ≥ gr --------- (2) 1M
Sub (2) into (1), mgh ≥ mgr/2 + mg(2r)
h ≥ 2.5 r
Therefore, the minimum height = 2.5 (5) = 12.5 m 1A
(ii) By conservation of energy:
mghA = mvG2/2 + mghG 1M
2
mg(3r) = mvG /2 + mg(2r)
3gr = vG2/2 + g(2r)
vG2 =2gr = 2(10)(5) = 100
Therefore the velocity of the ball bearing at point G = 10 ms-1 1A
(b) (i) vy = uy − 2gh
2 2

0 = (10sin 30°) 2 − 2(10)h 1M

h = 1.25m
the maximum height = 1.25m + 10m = 11.25m 1A
(ii) Let t1 be the time for the projectile to reach the highest point and t2 be the time from the
highest point to the ground
T = t1 + t2
t1 = u sin θ /g = 10sin 30°/10 = 0.5s 1M
H = uy t + gt2 /2 2

11.25 = (10) (t2) 2/2

t2 = 1.5 s
The time of flight = 0.5s + 1.5s = 0.2s 1A

2. (a) Assume the trolley is displaced by x,

-kx – kx = ma 1M
a = - (2k / m) x
Since acceleration is proportional to x and in opposite direction, the motion is simple harmonic. 1A
2π m
Period T = = 2π =2.81 s 1M+1A
ω 2k
(b) Velocity of trolley when passing the equilibrium position v is given by
2k 2 × 2.5
v = ω A = A= × 0.1 = 0.2236 ms −1
m 1
1M
By conservation of momentum,
1 x 0.2236 = (1+1) v’ where v’ is the common speed after the load landing 1M
v’ = 0.112 m s-1 1A
 (c) v’ = ω ’A’ where A’ = new amplitude 1M
v' 0.112
A' = = = 0.0708 m
ω' 2 × 2.5 1A
2

3(a)(i) Parking orbit is a orbit in which the satellite has the same period of rotation 1A
as that of the earth. OR
Parking satellite is a satellite that always stays above a fixed location on
the earth.
Or
Satellite appears stationary relative to observer on earth. The orbit is called
parking orbit.
(ii) Gravitational force is the only force for a satellite. As shown in Fig.
gravitational force (Fg) can be resolved into two components, Fc and Fd.
Fc provides the centripetal force needed for the satellite to execute circular
motion. At the same time, Fd will pull the satellite towards the equatorial
plane so that it will eventually be out of its orbit.
However, satellite in the equatorial plane has no such problem where the
gravitational force is exactly equal to the centripetal force required.
(iii) E a rths u rfa c: e
GMm
= mg
R2
G M = g R2
S a te llite
s p' a rk inogrb it:
1M
G M m m v2 m 2π r 2
= = ( )
r2 r r T
4π 2
G M= r 3 2
T 1M
4π 2
g R2 = r 3 2
T
1
g R2T 2
r = ( 2 )3
4π
1
 1 0x(6 4 0 x01 03 ) 2 (2 4x3 6 0 )02  3
= 
 4π 2 
= 4 2 6 0 k0 m
h= r− R
= 4 2 6 0 −0 6 4 0 0
= 3 6 2 0k0m

1A
(b)(i) en erg yo f sa tellite= K E+ P E
1 GMm
=-
2 r 1M
1 m( g R2 )
=−
2 r
1 1 03 x(1 0x6 4 0 0 0 020)
=−
2 4 2 6 0 0x1 03
= − 4.8 x1 09 J

1A
(ii) Energy on earth' s surface
GMm
=−
R
= −mgR
= −1000 x10 x 6400 x10 3
= −6.4 x10 10 J
Energy required = Energy in orbit - Energy on earth' s surface
= (−4.8 x10 9 ) − (−6.4 x10 10 ) 1A
= 5.92 x10 10
J

1A
(iii) Energy is required to raise movable parts, such as the fuel tank. 1A
Energy is lost to the surroundings during the burning of fuels. 1A
Energy is required to overcome the resistance of the atmosphere.

4.(a) I = electron flow rate ×electronic charge 1A

(i) −1 −19 −6
= 2.7 ×10 13
s ×1.6 ×10 c = 4.32 ×10 A
(ii) energy per electron
e.m.f. generated =
charge per electron 1M
1.2 ×10 −19 J
=
1.6 ×10 −19 C
= 0.75V

1A
(b)(i) A brighter or more intense illumination is required 1A
(ii) The energy of the illuminating photon must be increased. This is achieved with 1A
light of higher frequency.
(c)(i) The zinc plate is set at a positive potential V above the wire mesh which is at 0V. 1A
The potential V is increased until the current falls to zero. When the current 1A
ceases to flow, the potential of the zinc plate is called the stopping potential. 1A
(ii)

1A
(d)(i) Alpha rays. (definite range in air) 1A+1A
(ii) The current remains unchanged. (this is no longer photoelectric effect) 1A

5.(a) 1A for
correct
position of
focal plane,
1A for
converge
nce to
focal
point

(b) 1A for
construction
ray,
1A for
parallel
emergent
rays

(c)(i) Distance L1L2 is the sum of the focal length = 75cm 1A

(ii) angular magnificat ion
β
=
α 1A
h / fe f focal length of L1
= = 0 =
h / fo fe focal length of L2
1A
(d)(i) Either use a lens at larger focal length in place of L1, or a lens of shorter focal 1A
length in place of L2.
(ii) Eye-ring is the best position for the observer’s eye to view the brightest image. 1A
(iii)

Place a light source in front of the objective lens which is covered by a semi-
transparent paper or tracing paper.
1A
Move a screen behind the eyepiece until at a position a bright circular disc is
formed on the screen, which is the image of the objective lens. The position of the
1A
screen is the position of the eye-ring.
1A

6. (a) (i) At resonance, XL = XC

2πf L = 1/ 2πf C 1A
 1
f = 1A
2π LC

(b) Low f, Xc is very large, Vc is large.

Vsup ly = VR + (VL −Vc )

2 2

VDE = VL −VC ~ Vsup ply (large) and VEF =VR is small

At resonant frequency fo ,
VL =VC
∴VDE = VL −VC ~ 0(small) and VEF =VR =Vsup ply (l arg e)

(i) Across EF: current is maximum at resonance, so p.d. is max. So amplitude

of the trace goes through a maximum. 1A
(ii) Across DE: Amplitude of the trace goes through a minimum.
1A
(c) The signal generator consists of internal components such as coils which is 1A
frequency dependent.
(d)(i) 1A for
correct
points in
table
2A:St.l
ine
through
origin
(ii) 1
Slope of f 2 vs is 20000 s -2 H
L
1 1
f =
2π LC
Equation of line is
1 1 1
f2 = × = slope ×
4π C 2
L L
1
∴C =
4π × slope
2
1A
1
C=
4π × 20000
2

C = 1.27 ×10 −6 F , (1.27 µF )

1A

7(a) When the current reverses, both the magnetic field and the coil current reverse at 2A
the same time. As a result, the force on the coil remains unchanged.
b (i) E 1A
I1 =
R1
(ii) E − Eb 1A
I2 =
R2
(c) 120
I1 = = 0.5 A
240 1A
I 2 = I − I1 = 5.5. − 0.5 = 5 A
120 − Eb
∴5 =
4
Eb =100 V

1A
(d) Pout = Eb I 2 = (100 )( 5) = 500 W 1A
(e) Pout = Fυ = mg υ 1A
500 = (10 )(10 )υ
υ = 5ms −1
ν 5 1A
rate of rotation, n = =
2πr 2π ( 0.01 )
−1
= 80 revs

1A

8. (a) If there is a standing wave in the cell, a steady pattern of bright and dark bands can be observed on the screen.
1A
Adjust the position of ultrasonic generator so a to obtain a steady pattern bright and dark bands on the screen.
1A
(b) Adjust the frequency of power supply until a steady pattern of bright and dark bands formed on the screen.
(2A)
x +y a 2ax
(c) = => λ= 1M+1A
x λ2 x+y
(d) 1400 m s-1 (1M+1A)
(e) Move the screen further away for the gales cell to increase y.
Move the gales cell closer to the lens, hence increase y and decrease x.

Reduce the frequency of power supply.

Using a lens with longer focal length, hence increase f and decrease x. (2M)
(f) No. Because the incident waves are absorbed by the spongy material, no reflected waves are formed.
Therefore, no standing wave formed in the glass cell. (1A+1A)
(g)
Displacement node = pressure antinode and node with negative slope corresponds to pressure higher
than normal (because particles on both sides crowded together, leading to a higher pressure)

9. (a) nRT
PV = nRT V =
P
(i) at 200 K (before heating), n = 1, P = 1x105 Pa

V1 =
(1)( 8.31)( 200 ) = 1.66 ×10 −2 m 3 1A
1 ×10 5

(ii) at 350 K (after heating),

 V2 =
(1)( 8.31)( 350 ) = 2.91 ×10 −2 m 3 1A
1 ×10 5

(b) Since the gas is monoatomic, the total K.E. of the molecules is
3
Uk = nRT
2
Assuming the change in P.E. of the molecules is zero, change in the internal energy

3 3
= nR ∆T = (1)( 8.31)( 350 − 200 )
2 2 1M+1A
∴∆U = 1.87 ×10 3 J

(c) As the gas is heated, it expands and work done by the gas
W = φ∆V = φ (V2 − V1 )
( )
= 1 × 10 5 ( 2.91 − 1.66 ) × 1−2 J 1M
= 1.25 ×10 3 J
Q = ∆U +W =1.87 ×10 3 J +1.25 ×10 3 J
1A
= 3.12 ×10 3 J

(d) A→B heated from 200 K to 350 K 1A

at constant P = 1 × 105 Pa
B→C compressed at constant temperature 350 K 1A
C→A cooled at constant volume to 200 K 1A

(e) The temperature T is restored after the complete cycle. There is no change in internal energy.
Area bounded by the curves = net work done on the gas = heat transfer from the gas to the
surrounding 2A

82 x +2 α
10. (a) (i) 218
84 Po →214 4
1A
(ii) 238
92 U → Po + a ( α) + b(
218
84
4
2
0
−1 β)
∴238 = 218 + 4a ⇒ a = 5
92 = 84 + 2a − b ⇒ b = 2
Thus 5 α -particles and 2 β -particles have been emitted. 1A

(b) From the graph, initial activity = 160 counts min-1

After a half-life, activity = 80 counts min-1
From the graph, when activity = 80 min s-1, t = 6 min.
∴The half-life = 6 min. 1A

(c) (i) ln 2 ln 2
decay constant k = t =
6 = 0.116 min (0.00193 s )
-1 -1
1M+1A
1
2
(ii) A = Aoe-kt
 10 = 160 e-(0.116) t 1M
t = 23.9 min (1434 s) 1A

(d) (i) No.

- The α particles are emitted in all directions. Only a small portion would
enter the GM tube.
- α particles would be easily absorbed within the sample and in air.
(ii) A = kNo
No = Ao/k = 160 / 0.116 1A
No = 1379
∴mass m o = (No/NA) × 218 = 1379 / (6 × 1023) × 218 = 5.01 × 10-19 g
1A