Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
discipline.
Academic text or language is typically used for textbooks, tests, in classrooms and any other discipline related to
academic. It is very different from the structure of vocabulary and structure from everyday conversations through social
interactions. Academic text is a formal way to present words and terms typical for the field.
Research Paper
Conference Paper
Feasibility Study
Thesis
Book Review
Research Paper
Essay
Academic Journals
Reports
Introduction
Background
Literature Review
Research Design/Methodology
Results/Findings
Discussion/Interpretation
Recommendations
Conclusion
Research Articles - Research articles are written mainly for a specialist audience – researchers, academics and
postgraduate students. They usually contain the following:
Introduction to the research
Literature review
Background to the research and method
Results or main findings
Discussion, including authors' interpretation of the results
Recommendations: ideas for future research
Conclusion
Bibliography
Appendix (optional) to give information such as tables of raw data from the research
Case studies - may be found in any discipline, though they are most common in disciplines such as business,
sociology, and law. They are primarily descriptive. A typical structure is as follows:
Context (what is the focus, where, when?)
Description of the setting (person, company or place)
how does the account change over the period of time under investigation
Headings help the audience work through the text
Reports - The purpose of reports is to describe what happened and discuss and evaluate its importance.
Reports are found in different disciplines, such as science, law, and medicine. These include some or all of the
following: