DISEÑO DE ZAPATA COMBINADA TRAPEZOIDAL

CURSO: CONCRETO ARMANDO II

DOCENTE: ING. REYDER ALEXANDER LAMBRUSCHINI ESPINOZA
CICLO: X GRUPO: A

DISEÑO DE UNA ZAPATA COMBINADA TRAPEZOIDAL DIBUJANDO LOS DIAGRAMAS DE CORTES Y

MOMENTOS

DATOS GENERALES PARA EL DISEÑO

Datos para ingresar:

�_
P1 204.00 Tn C1 t1 0.60 m � Pz
P2 145.00 Tn t2 0.60 m (kg/cm2)
σt 2.00 kg/cm2 4 0.04 P
f'c 175.00 kg/cm2 C2 t1 0.40 m 3 0.06 P
f'y 4200.00 kg/cm2 t2 0.40 m 2 0.08 P
1 0.10 P

P1 = 204.00 Tn P2 = 145.00 Tn

6.00 m

P1 = 204.00 Tn Pz = 27.92 Tn P2 = 145.00 Tn

0.3 3.25 3.25 0.20

6.50 m
A) DIMENSIONAMIENTO EN PLANTA σt = �_ = 2.00 kg/cm2 = 20 Tn/m2
�

Calculo del peso de la Zapata: Pz = 0.08 P

P = P1 + P2 = 204.00 + 145.00 = 349.00 Tn

Pz = 27.92 Tn

PT = P1 + P2 + Pz = 376.92 Tn

376.92
�_𝒁=𝑷_𝑻/�
�_𝒁=𝑷_𝑻/� Az = = 18.85 m2 ….................. (1)
_�
_� 20.00

∑Mo = 0 → 376.92 (Xo) = 1065.44 → Xo = 2.83 m

2 Xo = 5.65 m < L = 6.50 m

�=𝐿/2−𝑋_0 6.50
→ - 2.83 = 0.42 m
2

Si : 𝐿/3<𝑋_0<𝐿/2 ZAPATA TRAPEZOIDAL

L 6.50
= = 2.17 m
3 3

L 6.50
= = 3.25 m
2 2

→ 2.17 < 2.83 < 3.25 → ZAPATA TRAPEZOIDAL

NOTA : Puede diseñarse como zapata rectangular (Calculamos la presion sobre el terreno)

�_𝑚𝑎𝑥=𝑃_𝑇/𝐴_𝑍 → Az = 18.85 m2 = B*L

(1±6�/𝐿)

18.85
B = = 2.90 m
6.50

qmax = 376.92 ( 1 ± 6 * 0.42 )

= 27.75
18.85 6.50
 → qmax = 27.75 Tn/m2 > 20.00 Tn/m2 …......... … OK

�_1/�=�_𝑚 27.75 * 2.90

𝑎𝑥/𝜎_𝑛
→ B1 = = 4.02 m ≈ 4.05 m
20

Az = B1 * L = 26.33 m2 ‫ ؞‬Es Antieconomico

𝐴_𝑧=𝑃_𝑢/�_𝑢
𝑙𝑡 �_𝑢𝑙𝑡=𝜎_𝑡∗𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜� 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜�=𝑃_𝑢/𝑃_𝑇

Pu1 = 1.40 P1 = 285.60 Tn

𝑃_𝑢=𝑃_𝑢1+𝑃_𝑢2+𝑃_𝑧 Pu2 = 1.40 P2 = 203.00 Tn
Puz = 1.40 Pz = 39.09 Tn

→ Pu = 527.69 Tn

527.69
factor = = 1.40
376.92

qult = 20.00 * 1.40 = 28.00 Tn/m2

527.69
Az = = 18.85 m2
28.00

Sabemos que: …......(1) 𝑋_0=𝐿/3 ((2𝑎+𝑏)/ ….....(2)

𝐴_𝑧=1/2∗𝐿(𝑎+𝑏) (𝑎+𝑏))

Xo = distancia al centro de gravedad

Yo = L - Xo

b X a
 Xo Yo

L = 6.50 m
En (1):
6.50
Az = (a + b) = 18.85
2

a + b = 5.80 …..... (α)

En (2): a = 1.77 = 1.80 m

Xo = 6.50 (2a + b)
= 2.83
3 (a + b) b = 4.03 = 4.05 m

2a + b = 7.57 …......(β)

Adoptamos : L (a + b) 6.50 ( a + b )
Az = = = 19.01 m2
2 2

B ) CALCULO DE LA REACCION NETA DEL TERRENO

Por unidad de área: Pu 527.69

Wnu = = = 27.75 Tn/m2
Az 19.01

La presión en el suelo por unidad de ancho será.

�_𝑚𝑎𝑥=𝑊_𝑛𝑢∗𝑏 qmax = 27.75 * 4.05 = 112.41 Tn/m2

�_𝑚𝑖𝑛=𝑊_𝑛𝑢∗𝑎 qmin = 27.75 * 1.80 = 49.96 Tn/m2

b = 4.05 m

a = 1.80 m
 0.3 L1 = 6.00 m 0.20

6.50 m

C ) DIMENSIONAMIENTO DE ALTURA

hz = 0.11 * 5.5 * √2.78 = 100.87 cm @ 101.00 cm

POR LO TANTO :
hz = 101.00 cm f= 1" 2.54 cm
d = hz - r - f = 90.96 cm @ 91.00 cm

D ) DIAGRAMA DE CORTE Y MOMENTOS

P1 = 285.60 Tn Pz = 39.09 Tn P2 = 203.00 Tn

0.30 m 0.30 m 0.91 m 1.74 m 1.94 m 0.91 m 0.20 m 0.20 m

112.41 Tn/m2

L = 0.30 m
L = 1.51 m
X1 = Distancia de momento maximo
L = 3.25 m
X2 = Distancia de momento maximo
L = 5.19 m
L = 6.30 m
L = 6.50 m
qx a un a distancia X
qx = 112.4069*X -4.8037*X^2 Tn/m 112.4069 4.8037

Diagrama de fuerza cortante

0 < X < 0.3 0.25
Vx = 112.4069*X -4.8037*X^2
X=0 V= 0
X = 0.3 V= 33.2897 Tn

0.3 < X < 1.51

Vx = 112.4069*X -4.8037*X^2 - 285.6
X = 0.3 V= -252.3103 Tn
X = 1.51 V= -126.8185 Tn

1.51 < X < 3.25 A B C

Vx = 112.4069*X -4.8037*X^2 - 285.6 -4.804 112.407 -285.6

X = 1.51 V= -126.8185 Tn r1 = 2.90

X = 3.25 V= 28.9833 Tn r2 = 20.50

V=0 X= 2.9000 m EN ESTA DISTANCIA ES EL MOMENTO MAXIMO

3.25 < X < 5.19 A B C

Vx = 112.4069*X -4.8037*X^2 - 285.6 - 39.088 -4.804 112.407 -324.7

X = 3.25 V= -10.1047 Tn r1 = 3.38

X = 5.19 V= 129.3109 Tn r2 = 20.02

V=0 X= 3.3800 m EN ESTA DISTANCIA ES EL MOMENTO MAXIMO

5.19 < X < 6.3

Vx = 112.4069*X -4.8037*X^2 - 285.6 - 39.088
X = 5.19 V= 129.3109 Tn
X = 6.3 V= 192.816617

6.3 < X < 6.5

Vx = 112.4069*X -4.8037*X^2 - 285.6 - 39.088 - 203
X = 6.3 V= -10.1834 Tn
X = 6.5 V= 0.0000 Tn

Diagrama de momento flector

qx = 56.20345*X^2 -1.6012*X^3 56.20345 1.6012

0 < X < 0.3

Mx = 56.20345*X^2 -1.6012*X^3
X=0 Mx = 0
X = 0.3 Mx = 5.0151 Tn-m
 0.3 < X < 1.51
Mx = 112.4069*X^2 -4.8037*X^3 - 285.6(x -0.3)
X = 0.3 Mx = 5.0151 Tn-m
X = 1.51 Mx = -222.9394 Tn-m

1.51 < X < 3.25

Mx = 112.4069*X^2 -4.8037*X^3 - 285.6(x -0.3)
X = 1.51 Mx = -222.9394 Tn-m
X = 3.25 Mx = -303.8373 Tn-m
X= 2.90 m Mx = -308.9407 Tn-m

3.25 < X < 5.19

Mx = 112.4069*X^2 -4.8037*X^3 - 285.6(x -0.3) - 39.088(x -3.25)
X = 3.25 Mx = -303.8373 Tn-m
X = 5.19 Mx = -182.3581 Tn-m
X= 3.38 m Mx = -304.4682 Tn-m

5.19 < X < 6.3

Mx = 112.4069*X^2 -4.8037*X^3 - 285.6(x -0.3) - 39.088(x -3.25)
X = 5.19 Mx = -182.3581 Tn-m
X = 6.3 Mx = -2.4787 Tn-m

6.3 < X < 6.5

Mx = 112.4069*X^2 -4.8037*X^3 - 285.6(x -0.3) - 39.088(x -3.25) - 203(x -6.3)
X = 6.3 Mx = -2.4787 Tn-m
X = 6.5 Mx = -3.4898 Tn-m

P1 = 285.60 Tn Pz = 39.09 Tn P2 = 203.00 Tn

0.30 m 0.30 m 0.91 m 1.74 m 1.94 m 0.91 m 0.20 m 0.20 m

 192.816617

33.2897 Tn 129.3109 Tn

28.9833 Tn

-10.1047 Tn -10.1834 Tn
-126.8185 Tn

-252.3103 Tn

-308.9407 Tn-m -304.4682 Tn-m

-2.4787 Tn-m
 5.0151 Tn-m

E ) VERIFICACION DE CORTANTE POR FLEXION

Del diagrama de cortantes:

Vu1 = 126.82 Tn
Vu2 = 129.31 Tn
𝑉𝑛=𝑉𝑢/∅ ; ∅ =0.85

Vn1 = 126.82/0.85 = 149.2000 Tn

Vn2 = 129.31/0.85 = 152.1294 Tn

d= 91.00 cm

S1 = t1 + d = 0.6 + 91 = 1.51
S2 = t1 + d = 0.4 + 91 = 1.31

b= 4.05 m
a= 1.80 m
L= 6.50 m
 b´ = 4.05 - (1.51/6.5)*(4.05 - 1.8) = 3.53 m
a´ = 1.8 + (1.31/6.5)*(4.05 - 1.8) = 2.25 m

1.80 m
4.05 m

1.51 m 1.31 m

para columna N°1

Vc1 = 0.53 * √175*3.53*0.91*10

Vc1 = 225.22 Tn > 149.20 Tn SI CUMPLE

para columna N°2

Vc2 = 0.53 * √175*2.25*0.91*10

Vc2 = 143.56 Tn > 152.13 Tn NO CUMPLE

En este caso será necesario incrementar la resistencia del concreto de f´c=175 kg/cm2 a
f´c=210 kg/cm2, caso contrario aumentar “d” 210 Kg/cm²

Vc2 = 0.53 * √175*2.25*0.91*10

Vc2 = 157.26 Tn > 152.13 Tn SI CUMPLE

F ) VERIDICACION POR PUNZONAMIENTO (d/2)

 1.51 m

1.055 m

0.60 m 0.60 m 0.40 m 0.40 m

COLUMNA 01
A°1 = 1.51 * 1.055 = 1.593 m2
b°1 = 1.51 +*2* 1.055 =3.620 m

COLUMNA 02
A°2 = 1.31 * 0.855 = 1.120 m2
b°2 = 1.31 +*2* 0.855 =3.020 m

comprobando punzonamiento

Pu1 = 285.60 Tn
Pu2 = 203.00 Tn
Wnu = 27.75 Tn/m2
d= 91.00 cm

𝑉𝑛=𝑉𝑢/∅ ; ∅ =0.85
COLUMNA 01

Vu1 = 285.6 - 27.75*1.593= 241.39 Tn

Vn1 = 241.39/0.85 = 283.99 Tn
Vc = 1.1*√210*3.62*0.91*10 = 525.11 Tn
Vc > Vn
525.11 > 283.99 SI CUMPLE

𝑉𝑛=𝑉𝑢/∅ ; ∅ =0.85
COLUMNA 02

Vu2 = 203 - 27.75*1.12= 171.92 Tn

Vn2 = 171.92/0.85 = 202.26 Tn
Vc = 1.1*√210*3.02*0.91*10 = 438.08 Tn
 Vc > Vn
438.08 > 202.26 SI CUMPLE

G ) DISEÑO POR FLEXION

ACERO SUPERIOR (As(-))
Mu = 308.940 Tn-m
Mn = 308.94/0.9
Mn = 343.267 Tn-m b = 4.05 m
a = 1.80 m
L = 6.50 m DISTANCIA DONDE
X = 2.90 m OCURRE EL MAYOR
MOMENTO

b1 = 4.05- (2.9/6.5)*(4.05 - 1.8)

b1 = 3.05 m

4.05 m 1.80 m

Luego tenemos como dato:

𝐴�=(0.85−√(0.7225−(1.7∗��∗ 〖 10 〗 ^5)/(��∗�1∗�^2 )) )∗𝐹𝑐/𝐹𝑦∗𝑏1∗�

𝐴� 𝑚𝑖𝑛=0.0018∗𝑏1∗�

As= 93.52 cm²

As min = 49.96 cm²
As > As min SI CUMPLE

BARRA DIAMETRO Área DIAMETRO Área

num. pulg cms cm2 pulg cms cm2
3 3/8" 0.95 0.71 f= 1" 2.54 5.07
4 1/2" 1.27 1.27 n° Varillas =𝐴�/
5 5/8" 1.59 1.98 (𝐴∅)
6 3/4" 1.91 2.85 n° v = 18.4458 = 19
 7 7/8" 2.22 3.88
Separacion=(𝑏1−2∗0.75−�
8 1" 2.54 5.07
∅)/(𝑛°𝑣−1)
9 1 1/8" 2.86 6.41
10 1 1/4" 3.18 7.92 s= 15.97 = 16.00 cm
11 1 1/" 3.49 9.58
12 1 1/2" 3.81 11.4

ACERO INFERIOR (As(+))

Mu = 5.015 Tn-m
Mn = 5.0150781/0.9
Mn = 5.572 Tn-m
𝐴�=(0.85−√(0.7225−(1.7∗��∗ 〖 10 〗 ^5)/(��∗�1∗�^2 )) )∗𝐹𝑐/𝐹𝑦∗𝑏1∗�

𝐴� 𝑚𝑖𝑛=0.0018∗𝑏1∗�
As = 1.46 cm²

DIAMETRO
pulg cms
f= 5/8" 1.91
d= hz - 5 - f/2 = 95.05 cm
As min = 52.18 cm²

BARRA DIAMETRO Área

num. pulg cms cm2 DIAMETRO Área
3 3/8" 0.95 0.71 pulg cms cm2
4 1/2" 1.27 1.27 f= 1" 2.54 5.07
5 5/8" 1.59 1.98 n° Varillas =𝐴�/
6 3/4" 1.91 2.85 (𝐴∅)
7 7/8" 2.22 3.88 n° v = 10.2919 = 11
8 1" 2.54 5.07
Separacion=(𝑏1−2∗0.75−�
9 1 1/8" 2.86 6.41
∅)/(𝑛°𝑣−1)
10 1 1/4" 3.18 7.92
11 1 1/" 3.49 9.58 s= 28.746 = 29.00 cm
12 1 1/2" 3.81 11.4

ACERO EN DIRECCION TRANSVERSAL

® Acero en dirección transversal debajo de las columnas
d= 91.00 cm
t1 = 0.60 m
𝑏_1^´=� −((𝑡1/2))/𝐿∗(�−𝐴)
B= 4.05 m
A= 1.80 m
 b1 = 3.95 m L= 6.50 m

𝑎_1^´=𝐴+((𝑡1/2))/𝐿∗(�−𝐴) t1 = 0.40 m
B= 4.05 m
A= 1.80 m
a1 = 1.87 m L= 6.50 m

® Columna 01
P1 = 285.60 Tn 0.60 m
B = L1 = 1.51 m
Lv1 = (3.95/0.6)/2
Lv1 = 1.675 m
Wnu = 27.75 Tn/m2
WNu = Wnu*b1
WNu = 27.75 * 3.95 = 109.61 Tn/m
Mmax = WNu*Lv^2/2
Mmax = 109.61*1.675^2/2
Mmax = 153.76 Tn/m
Mn = Mmax/f ; f = 0.9
Mn = 170.85 Tn/m
3.95 m
𝐴�=(0.85−√(0.7225−(1.7∗��∗ 〖 10 〗 ^5)/(��∗�1∗�^2 )) )∗𝐹𝑐/𝐹𝑦∗𝑏1∗�

𝐴� 𝑚𝑖𝑛=0.0018∗𝑏1∗�

As = 46.56 cm²
As min = 24.73 cm²
As > As min SI CUMPLE

BARRA DIAMETRO Área DIAMETRO Área

num. pulg cms cm2 pulg cms cm2
3 3/8" 0.95 0.71 f= 1" 2.54 5.07
4 1/2" 1.27 1.27 n° Varillas =𝐴�/
5 5/8" 1.59 1.98 (𝐴∅)
6 3/4" 1.91 2.85 n° v = 9.18343 = 10
7 7/8" 2.22 3.88
Separacion=(𝑏1−0.75−�∅/
8 1" 2.54 5.07
2)/(𝑛°𝑣−1)
9 1 1/8" 2.86 6.41
10 1 1/4" 3.18 7.92 s= 15.8033 = 16.00 cm
11 1 1/" 3.49 9.58
12 1 1/2" 3.81 11.4
 ® Columna 02
P1 = 203.00 Tn 0.40 m
B = L1 = 1.31 m
Lv1 = (1.87/0.4)/2
Lv1 = 0.735 m
Wnu = 27.75 Tn/m2
WNu = Wnu*b1
WNu = 27.75 * 1.87 = 51.89 Tn/m
Mmax = WNu*Lv^2/2
Mmax = 51.89*0.735^2/2
Mmax = 14.02 Tn/m
Mn = Mmax/f ; f = 0.9
Mn = 15.57 Tn/m
1.87 m
𝐴�=(0.85−√(0.7225−(1.7∗��∗ 〖 10 〗 ^5)/(��∗�1∗�^2 )) )∗𝐹𝑐/𝐹𝑦∗𝑏1∗�

𝐴� 𝑚𝑖𝑛=0.0018∗𝑏1∗�

As = 4.09 cm²
As min = 21.46 cm²
As > As min NO CUMPLE

BARRA DIAMETRO Área DIAMETRO Área

num. pulg cms cm2 pulg cms cm2
3 3/8" 0.95 0.71 f= 1" 2.54 5.07
4 1/2" 1.27 1.27 n° Varillas =𝐴�/
5 5/8" 1.59 1.98 (𝐴∅)
6 3/4" 1.91 2.85 n° v = 4.23231 = 5
7 7/8" 2.22 3.88
Separacion=(𝑏1−0.75−�∅/
8 1" 2.54 5.07
2)/(𝑛°𝑣−1)
9 1 1/8" 2.86 6.41
10 1 1/4" 3.18 7.92 s= 30.5575 = 31.00 cm
11 1 1/" 3.49 9.58
12 1 1/2" 3.81 11.4

19 varillas de 1"@16cm
1.51 m 10 varillas de 1"@16cm 11 varillas de 1"@29cm
 L1 = 5.50 m
Wnu= 2.78 Kg/cm²

49.96 Tn/m2
-3.4898 Tn-m
1.31 m

0.855 m
61 Tn/m
9 Tn/m
 1.31 m

5 varillas de 1"@31cm