History

Amphetamine was first synthesized in 1887 in Germany. Initially called phenylisopropylamine, it was,
for a long time, a drug in search of use, trying to find application from decongestion to depression. In
the 1930s , it was initially marketed as Benzedrine, as an over-the-counter inhaler to treat nasal
congestion and asthma.

Methamphetamine was discovered in Japan in 1919. The crystalline powder was soluble in water,
making it a perfect candidate for injection. In the late 30s, it found use for narcolepsy and ADHD
(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder). It is still legally produced in the U.S., sold under the trade
name Desoxyn (Abbott. PDR 2001) with indications for ADHD and for short-term therapy in
exogenous obesity.

During World War II, amphetamines were widely used as stimulants to keep the fighting men going
(during the Viet Nam war, American soldiers used more amphetamines than the rest of the world
did during WWII). And after World War II, when military surplus became available to the public,
methamphetamine abuse became epidemic.

In the United States in the 1950s, legally manufactured tablets of both dextroamphetamine
(Dexedrine) and methamphetamine (Methedrine) became readily available and were used non
medically by college students, truck drivers, and athletes. As use of amphetamines spread, so did
their abuse. Amphetamines became a cure-all for such things as weight control to treating mild
depression.

In the 1960s, the route and degree of abuse changed dramatically with the increased availability of
injectable methamphetamine. The 1970 Controlled Substances Act severely restricted the legal
production of injectable methamphetamine, causing its use to decrease greatly. It is at present a
Schedule II stimulant finding limited use for narcolepsy, attention-deficit disorder, and for a limited
time, as an appetite suppressant for obesity.

In the 1980s, the smokable form of methamphetamine, "ice," became available. Like crack cocaine,
it is smoked in glass pipes, emitting no odor, with effects lasting for 12 hours or more.

In the mid-80s, methamphetamine was introduced into the fringe circle of use in the Philippines. In
less than two decades, it has broken out of the urban subcultures and gained access into the rural
communities with devastating impact.

WHAT IS ILLEGAL DRUG USE DANGEROUS?

 dangerous/permanent damage to brain and body

 become addicted
 major factor in suicide, accidents and crimes
 risk of spreading disease through sharing needles
 can result in overdose
 drug use leads to making irresponsible decisions

The reasons people begin using drugs are similar to the reasons they begin to drink or smoke
What are these reasons?
 Desire to experiment
 Desire to escape depression/boredom
 Enjoyment of risky behavior
 Belief that drugs solve personal problems
 Peer pressure
 Media glamorizing drug use

Steps to Addiction
1. Regular drug use
2. Tolerance
3. Dependence
4. Addiction

What are the 3 most common ones?

1. Alcohol
2. Marijuana
3. Tobacco

DRUG CLASSIFICATIONS
All drugs, legal and illegal, are classified into different categories based on their similar effects on the
mind and body.
• Depressants
• Stimulants
• Hallucinogens
• Club/Designer
• Opiates

What are…DEPRESSANTS?
Drugs that slow down the central nervous system.

Ex: slowed breathing and heart rate, and may make it hard to speak (slurred speech) or move
properly.

• People using depressants may feel sleepy and relaxed.

• Depressants are most often prescribed for anxiety and sleep disorders.

Common Depressants
• Alcohol
• Barbiturates
• Tranquilizers
• Ambien
• Rohypnol (DRD)

What are…STIMULANTS?
Drugs that speed up the central nervous system.
• People using stimulants may feel happy and excited, and have more energy, concentration
or motivation.
Stimulants make it difficult to sleep and suppress your appetite
Most stimulants have more side effects than other drugs.

Common Stimulants
• Caffeine
• Nicotine
• Cocaine
• Amphetamines
• Bath salts

What are…HALLUCINOGENS?
• Hallucinogens change the way people see, hear, feel or think.
• Most common hallucinogen is LSD.
• LSD leads the user to a serious disconnect from reality.
• LSD users call an LSD experience a “trip,” usually lasting 12 hours or so. When things go
wrong, which often happens, it is called a “bad trip,” another name for a living nightmare!

Common Hallucinogens

• Marijuana (mild)
• Mushrooms
• LSD (Lysergic acid diethylamide)
• Spice/K2/Synthetic Marijuana

What are…
CLUB/DESIGNER DRUGS?
• Psychoactive drugs that tend to be abused by teens and young adults at bars, night clubs,
and raves.
• Their properties and effects are similar to known hallucinogens or narcotics, but have a
slightly altered chemical structure.

Common Club Drugs

• Ecstasy or methylenedioxymetamphetamine (MDMA)
• PCP-
• GHB-gamma hydroxybuterate
• Ketamine
• Methamphetamine Hyhrochloride
• LSD- lysergic acid diethylamine
• Rohypnol
Types of Drugs
The following are among the most frequent misused substances in the world today:

1. Tobacco
2. Alcohol
3. Prescription Drugs
4. Methamphetamine Hydrochloride
5. Marijuana
6. MDMA (Ecstasy)
7. Crack Cocaine
8. Heroin
9. Steroids
10. Inhalants

Cocaine
 Street names: Crack, rock, blow, cuch
 Cocaine is a white powder substance that is snorted, injected, and smoked.
 The effects of smoking crack are felt almost immediately, are very intense, and do not last
long.
 Addiction can become quite severe as it is a powerful stimulant to the central nervous
system that heightens alertness, inhibits appetite and the need for sleep, and provides
intense feelings of pleasure.

Cocaine: Side Effects

 Repeated use of cocaine gives birth to certain long-term effects.
 Euphoria gradually displaced by restlessness, extreme excitability, insomnia, paranoia – and
eventually hallucinations and delusions.
Heavy users may also suffer from mood swings, paranoia, weight loss, insomnia, and death.

Date-Rape Drug: Rohypnol

 Rohypnol is a sedative. It is usually crushed from a tablet form and combined with alcohol.
 Street terms: roofie, La Rocha, Roach-2
 The effects or Rohypnol are 7 to 10 times more potent than Valium.
 Effects appear approx. 15 to 20 minutes after administration and last approx. 4 to 6 hours.
 Effects include drowsiness, dizziness, loss of motor control, lack of coordination, slurred
speech, confusion, and gastrointestinal disturbances lasting 12 or more hours.

Date-Rape
 A rapist often laces the alcoholic beverage of an unbeknownst victim and waits for the drug
to take effect.
 Victims are often unable to clearly recall an assault upon them, the assailant, or the events
surrounding the assault.
 Precautions:
 Never go out alone
  Never leave drinks unattended
 Be leery of friends and acquaintances, as most assaults are perpetrated by someone
the victim knows and trusts
If you feel intoxicated after only 1 or 2 drinks, then get help fast.

What is methamphetamine?
Methamphetamine is a central nervous system stimulant. It affects chemicals in the brain and
nerves that contribute to hyperactivity and impulse control.
Methamphetamine is used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
Methamphetamine is also to treat obesity in people who have not lost weight with diets or other
treatments.

In the Philippines, as in Thailand, Japan, Korea and Taiwan, methamphetamine is the drug of choice;
Asia accounting for 60% of meth users.

EFFECTS
Short-term effects
The effects are similar to cocaine but last longer- 4 to 16 hours.
• Heightened attention and energy
• Excessive talking
• Euphoria, decreased fatigue
• Increased activity, increased sexuality
• Decreased appetite
• Increased respiration
• Hyperthermia, occasionally leading to convulsions and lethal levels.

Long-term effects
• Dependence
• Anxiety, confusion, and insomnia
• Addiction psychosis
• Paranoia
• Hallucinations, visual and auditory
• Mood disturbances
• Repetitive motor activity
• Stroke
• Weight loss
• Violent behavior, homicidal or suicidal thoughts
• 'Crank bugs' - Formication (sensation of insects creeping on the skin) causing users to pick at
themselves causing ulcerations on the hand and arms.
• Disturbed sleep patters; decreased sleep needs
• Disinterest in usual social interactions, sex, food
• Cardiovascular: Inflammation of the heart lining
• Stereotypy behavior - performing routine acts over and over again.

Toxicity
Signs and symptoms of toxicity include:
• arrhythmias
• excessive sweating
• hypertension
• hyperthermia
• insomnia
• irritability
• mydriasis (dilation of pupils)
• psychosis
• seizure
• rapid heart rate
• tremors

Sources / Suppliers
• China-based syndicates overseeing drug-trafficking operations. Production materials smuggled
from mainland China by drug syndicates using Hongkong and Taiwan as transhipment points.
• In the Philippines, there have been reports of increasing Muslim-based operations.

Republic Act No. 9165 otherwise known as the Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002

Article II, Section 5

Sale, Trading, Administration, Dispensation, Delivery, Distribution and Transportation of
Dangerous Drugs and Controlled Precursor and Essential Chemicals

 Dangerous drug, including opium poppy, regardless of quantity and purity

 Broker of any such transaction
 life imprisonment to death and P5ooK to P10M fine
 Controlled precursor and essential chemical
 Broker in such transaction
 12 years and 1 day to 20 years and P100K to P500K fine

MAXIMUM PENALTY TO BE IMPOSED

 Transaction within 100 meters from school
 Use of minors or mentally incapacitated individuals as runners, couriers and messengers
 Victim is a minor or mentally incapacitated individual
 Drug is proximate cause of death of victim
 Organizers, managers, financiers

Protector / Coddler
 12 years and 1 day to 20 years and P100K to P500K fine
In the US, its use has undergone a resurgence, a 2004 study reporting that it has already surpassed
cocaine use.

Shabu, a powerfully addictive meth stimulant, easily accessible and affordable, is the drug of choice
of over 90% of Filipino drug users.

Hypersexual Behavior and AIDS Concerns

Meth induces hypersexual behavior, and especially with anal intercourse, HIV / viral transmission
concerns are raised and unprotected receptive users are put in greater risk. Adding to the risk is the
anal insertion of meth and consequent damage to the rectal lining that increases the likelihood of
HIV transmission.

Illegal drugs

1. A drug that affects the brain. Such drugs may be declared illegal for sale or use, but may be
dispensed under a physician's prescription. A drug whose production or use is prohibited or strictly
controlled via prescription.

2. Why is illegal drug use dangerous? dangerous /permanent damage to brain and body become
addicted major factor in suicide, accidents and crimes risk of spreading disease through sharing
needles can result in overdose drug use leads to making irresponsible decisions

3. The reasons people begin using drugs are similar to the reasons they begin to drink or smoke.
What are these reasons? * Desire to experiment * Desire to escape depression / boredom *
Enjoyment of risky behavior * Belief that drugs solve personal problems * Peer pressure * Media
glamorizing drug use

4. 1. Regular drug use 2. Tolerance 3. Dependence 4. Addiction

5. Drugs that lead to the use of other drugs are called what? What are the 3 most common ones?
Alcohol Tobacco Marijuana

6. All drugs, legal and illegal, are classified into different categories based on their similar effects on
the mind and body. • Depressants • Stimulants • Hallucinogens • Club/Designer • Opiates

7. •Drugs that slow down the central nervous system. •People using depressants may feel happy
and content, as well as sleepy and relaxed. Depressants often slow down bodily functions such as
breathing and heart rate, and may make it hard to speak (slurred speech) or move properly in large
enough doses, in which case they may be harmful. •Depressants are most often prescribed for
anxiety and sleep disorders.

8. •Alcohol •Barbiturates •Tranquilizers •Ambien •Rohypnol (Roofies)

9. • Drugs that speed up the central nervous system. • People using stimulants may feel happy and
excited, and have more energy, concentration or motivation. Stimulants make it difficult to sleep
and suppress your appetite. • Most stimulants have more side effects then other drugs.

10. •Caffeine •Nicotine •Cocaine •Amphetamines •Bath salts

11. • Hallucinogens change the way people see, hear, feel or think. • Most common hallucinogen is
LSD • No matter what form it comes in, LSD leads the user to a same place, a serious disconnect
from reality • LSD users call an LSD experience a “trip,” usually lasting 12 hours or so. When things
go wrong, which often happens, it is called a “bad trip,” another name for a living nightmare!

12. •Marijuana (mild) •Mushrooms •LSD •Spice/K2/Synthetic Marijuana

13. • Psychoactive drugs that tend to be abused by teens and young adults at bars, night clubs, and
raves. • Its’ properties and effects are similar to known hallucinogens or narcotics, but having a
slightly altered chemical structure. •Drugs that resemble common illegal drugs in chemical structure
and effect.

14. •Ecstasy •PCP •GHB •Ketamine •Meth •LSD •Rohypnol (Roofies)

15. • Also know as narcotics •Powerful, highly addictive drugs •Derived from the poppy plant •Used
to relieve pain

16. • Morphine • Heroin •Oxycontin • Percoset •Vicodin/hydrocodone

17. Marijuana is a word used to describe the dried flowers, seeds, and leaves of the Indian hemp
plant. Hashish is a related form of the drug, made from resins of the Indian hemp plant. The
chemical in cannabis that creates this distortion is known as THC. The cannabis plant, from which
marijuana is derived, has over 400 different chemicals.

18. SHORT TERM. Sensory distortion Panic Anxiety Poor coordination of movement Lowered
reaction time After an initial “up,” the user feels sleepy or depressed Increased heartbeat (and risk
of heart attack)

19. LONG TERM. Reduced resistance to common illnesses ( cold, bronchitis) Growth disorders
Increase of abnormally structured cells in the body Reduction of male sex hormones Rapid
destruction of lung fibers and lesions to the brain could be permanent Reduced sexual capacity
Apathy, drowsiness, lack of motivation Personality and mood changes Inability to understand things
clearly

20. Can you become dependant on marijuana? YES, you can build a tolerance and a dependence to
it.

21. Can marijuana use affect your driving? If so, how? Yes, much like how alcohol affects your
driving. It can slow your reaction time and impair your judgment.

22. Marijuana and School Marijuana and school don’t mix. Marijuana makes it harder for users to
concentrate, and slows thinking down. One of the prevalent effects of marijuana is the decline in
school performance. Marijuana damages the user’s memory and things such as simple math
problems become extremely difficult.

23. Marijuana Marijuana can actually be classified as a stimulant, depressant, or hallucinogen based
on the strand or potency, but for all intensive purposes, we will classify marijuana as a mild
hallucinogen.
24. Drugs that are inhaled as vapors. The 2 most common inhalants used for medical reasons are…
Laughing Gas Asthma Inhaler

25. What type of effects might you experience from inhalants? Hyperactivity, loss of inhibitions,
dizziness, loss of coordination, difficulty speaking and thinking, fear, anxiety, depression, DEATH

26. Ecstasy is a synthetic, psychoactive drug that is chemically similar to the stimulant
methamphetamine and the hallucinogen mescaline. Ecstasy (MDMA) produces feelings of increased
energy, euphoria, emotional warmth, and distortions in time, perception, and tactile experiences
Most commonly called “molly” nowadays Coined terminology when on the drug – “rolling”

27. Extremely Addictive Narcotic Most heroin is injected, creating additional risks for the user, who
faces the danger of AIDS or other infections on top of the pain of addiction.

28. Cocaine was originally developed as a painkiller Cocaine is most often sniffed with the powder
absorbed into the bloodstream through the nasal tissues. It can also be ingested or rubbed into the
gums. To more rapidly absorb the drug into the body, abusers inject it, but this substantially
increases the risk of overdose.

29. Crystal form of cocaine .Crack is heated and smoked. It is so named because it makes a cracking
or popping sound when heated. The most potent/riskiest form in which cocaine appears. Smoking
crack allows it to reach the brain more quickly and thus brings an intense and immediate – but very
short lived- high that last about 15 minutes.

30. White, Crystalline Drug Develop a strong desire to continue using it because the drug creates a
false sense of happiness and well-being -A “RUSH” of confidence, hyperactiveness and energy most
commonly used as a CLUB DRUG taken while partying in night clubs and at raves

31. A synthetic version of the male hormone. What type of effects might this drug have on an
adolescences body and mind?

32. Bones will mature early, growth can be stunted, can cause sever acne, increased cholesterol,
rapid weight gain, liver damage, kidney tumors, heart disease and heart attacks.

33. Can cause breasts to grow in males Can shrink the testes and reduce sperm count.

34. Feeling of paranoia, panic attacks, depression, anxiety and even suicidal thoughts

35. ROID RAGE can lead to violent behavior, crime assault and rape. Makes abusers more irritable
and aggressive.

36. With all the bad side effects, death included, why do you think people still use drugs?

Drug awareness

1. What is DRUG? A drug is any substance (with the exception of food and water) which, when taken
into the body, alters the body's function either physically and/or psychologically. Drugs may be legal
(e.g. alcohol, caffeine and tobacco) or illegal (e.g. cannabis, ecstasy, cocaine and heroin).
2. TYPES OF DRUGS 1. Depressants: Drugs that decrease alertness by slowing down the activity of
the central nervous system (e.g. heroin, alcohol and analgesics).

3. EXAMPLES OF DEPRESSANTS heroin alcohol analgesics

4. TYPES OF DRUGS 2.Stimulants: Drugs that increase the body's state of arousal by increasing the
activity of the brain (e.g. caffeine, nicotine and amphetamines).

5. EXAMPLE OF STIMULANTS caffeine amphetamine

6. TYPES OF DRUGS 3. Hallucinogens: Drugs that alter perception and can cause hallucinations, such
as seeing or hearing something that is not there (e.g. LSD and 'magic mushrooms'). Other: Some
drugs fall into the 'other' category, as they may have properties of more than one of the above
categories (e.g. cannabis has depressive, hallucinogenic and some stimulant properties).

7. How it is used ?

8. Why do people use drugs? People use drugs for a variety of reasons. Young people often use
drugs for the same reasons that adults do. Some of these include to have fun to relax and forget
problems to gain confidence to socialize out of curiosity

9. Why do people use drugs? as a form of escapism to lessen inhibitions to remove personal
responsibility for decisions to celebrate or commiserate to relieve boredom and stress self-
medication to cope with problems

10. SIGNS IF SOMEONE IS USING DRUGS

11. BRAIN OF DRUG ABUSER

12. TEETH OF DRUG ABUSER

13. LUNGS OF DRUG ABUSER

14. PREVENTION Get involved in some distracting activity. Reading, a hobby, going to a movie,
exercising (jogging, biking) are good examples of distracting activities. Once you get interested in
something else, you’ll find the urges go away. Another effective response to a drug craving is eating
(but be careful what you eat, as eating junk will only add stress and inches to your waistline).

15. Talk it through. Talk to friends or family members about craving when it occurs. Talking about
cravings and urges can be very helpful in pinpointing the source of the craving. Also, talking about
craving often helps to discharge and relieve the feeling and will help restore honesty in your
relationship. Craving is nothing to feel bad about.

16. Urge surf. Many people try to cope with their urges by gritting their teeth and toughing it out.
But some are just too strong to ignore. When this happens, it can be useful to stay with the urge
until it passes. This technique is called urge surfing. Imagine yourself as a surfer who will ride the
wave of your drug craving, staying on top of it until it crests, breaks, and turns into less powerful,
foamy surf.
17. Challenge and change your thoughts. When experiencing a craving, many people have a
tendency to remember only the positive effects of the drug and forget the negative consequences.
Therefore, you may find it helpful to remind yourself that you really won’t feel better if you use and
that you stand to lose a lot. Sometimes it is helpful to have these benefits and consequences listed
on a small card that you keep with you.

18. “GET HIGH WITH GOD, NOT WITH DRUGS”

Coca, which is mainly grown in Colombia, Peru, and Bolivia, is a highly addictive drug that is
processed in jungle laboratories where the coca is extracted from the leaves to produce cocaine.
Until the early 1900s, cocaine was commonly used in Western medicine as an anesthetic because of
it numbing ability. However, in the 1970s cocaine reemerged as an expensive, high status drug of
abuse. Cocaine increased throughout the U.S. when the forms of cocaine began to vary and it
became more widely available and cheaper.

Due to its chemical make-up, cocaine is a highly addictive drug that the body processes as a
stimulant. Because the body begins to rely on the stimulant, there are long term health problems
that individuals may suffer from. These problems include stomach ulcers, severe depression,
inflammation or palpitations of the heart, and bleeding in the lungs. Cocaine can also affect the
function of the brain and its ability to regulate stress and mood.

Barbiturates are medications used for treating headaches, insomnia, and seizures. Barbiturates are
one of the older classes of medications.

What are the side effects of barbiturates?

Common side effects of barbiturates are:

dizziness,
lightheadedness,
sedation,
headache,
nausea,
vomiting, and
abdominal pain.
Barbiturates can slow breathing, reduce heart rate, and they can be habit forming.

Methyl ethyl ketone. Acts as a solvent. Provides formulations with lower viscosity and more solid
content compared to formulations made with lower VOC (volatile organic compound) solvents. Also
provides excellent solubilization of polyurethane resins and high evaporation rate suitable for drying.
It is a clear liquid with a characteristic odor of ketones, partially soluble in water and miscible with
most organic solvents. Methyl ethyl ketone is not listed as a hazardous air pollutant product.

Thionyl chloride is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula SOCl2. It is a moderately
volatile colourless liquid with an unpleasant acrid odour. Thionyl chloride is primarily used as a
chlorinating reagent, with approximately 45,000 tonnes (50,000 short tons) per year being produced
during the early 1990s.[5] It is toxic, reacts with water, and is also listed under the Chemical
Weapons Convention as it may be used for the production of chemical weapons.

TOLUENE is a clear colorless liquid with a characteristic aromatic odor. Flash point 40°F. Less dense
than water (7.2 lb / gal) and insoluble in water. Hence floats on water. Vapors heavier than air. May
be toxic by inhalation, ingestion or skin contact. Used in aviation and automotive fuels, as a solvent,
and to make other chemicals.