Mac OSX Basics

Manage your files, folders, pictures, movies,

music and much more...

Training Programme for the Homemaker

Contents

The Dock

Stacks

The sidebar

Organizing the sidebar

The home folder

Previewing files with Quick Look

Exposé

Spotlight

Dashboard and widgets

Quick Time Player

About Safari

About Mail

iChat

iTunes Player overview

 The Dock
The Dock appears at the bottom of your screen, although you can move it to
the right or left side if you prefer. The Dock provides quick access to applica-
tions, documents, and folders.

Folders in the Dock are called “stacks.” A stack can be a handful of documents,
a group of applications, or a set of folders—anything you need to access fre-
quently. When you click a stack, it springs open in an arc or a grid, depending
on the number of items. The Dock comes with a Downloads stack, which saves
files you download from the Internet, a Documents stack, for quick access to
anything you keep in the Documents folder, and an Applications stack, to help
you find applications easily.

Adding items to the Dock

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To add a document or folder, drag its icon to the Dock, and drop it to the
right of the Dock’s separator line.

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To add an application, drag its icon to the Dock, and drop it to the left of the
Dock’s separator line. Or, if the application is open, Contol-click its icon in
the Dock and choose Options > “Keep in Dock” from the pop-up menu.

Customizing the Dock

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To change the size or position of the Dock, or set other options, choose Ap-
ple menu > Dock > Dock Preferences.

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To rearrange icons, drag them into the order you prefer.

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To remove an item, drag it out of the Dock.

You can also change some Dock settings by Control-clicking the Dock’s separa-
tor line and choosing an option from the menu that appears.
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 Stacks
Folders in the Dock can be viewed as “stacks.” A stack can be a handful of doc-
uments, a group of applications, or a set of folders—anything you need to use
frequently. When you click a stack, it springs open in an arc or a grid, depending
on the number of items it contains. You can drag items in and out of stacks, just
as you do with folders.

The Dock comes with three stacks already in place:

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Applications, the folder that holds most of the applications on your Mac

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Downloads, where items you download from the Internet are stored

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Documents, the default location for new documents you create

You can add more stacks by dragging folders to the Dock. You can create as
many stacks as you like.

Exploring the folders on your computer

The simplest way to learn how your computer is organized is to open the folders
and explore their contents.

To explore the folders on your computer:

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In the upper-right corner of the desktop, double-click the internal disk icon
(usually labeled “Macintosh HD”) to open it.

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Click Documents in the list on the left side of the Finder window (called the
“sidebar”).

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The sidebar gives you one-click access to certain folders.

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Click the View buttons at the top of the Finder window. Notice the differ-
ence between the four views: icon, list, column, and Cover Flow.

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Try opening and closing folders in each of the four views.

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To retrace your steps, click the Back (arrow) button in the top-left corner of
the Finder window.

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 The sidebar
All Finder windows have a sidebar that displays icons for things you frequently
use, including disks, servers, and folders.

The sidebar is divided into these four sections:

A) Devices

This section has icons representing your computer, your internal disk and any
other disks attached to your computer, any CD or DVD discs in your optical drive
(or an optical drive available to your computer), and your iDisk, if you have one.
You can rearrange the icons in this section, or remove them altogether if you
like.

B) Shared

This section has icons for shared computers and servers on your local network,
including AirPort disks and Time Capsules. If there are too many shared comput-
ers and servers to fit in the sidebar, click All. You may need a user name and
password to access a shared device.

C) Places

This section has icons for folders you use most frequently. Your home folder,
with a house icon, appears here. A few of the folders inside your home folder
are also listed here, including Documents and Applications.

You can add folders to the Places section by dragging them there. Keeping your
favorite folders here is a convenient way to quickly access them.

D) Search For

This section has icons for Smart Folders, which automatically store items that
meet specific criteria, such as all files, folders, and applications you used yes-
terday, or all images. These folders are useful for quickly finding an item when
you’ve forgotten where it is located on your computer.
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 Organizing the sidebar
Finder windows have a sidebar on the left side of the window that displays
icons for items you use frequently, including disks, servers, and folders.

NOTE: To open a Finder window, click the Finder icon in the Dock. If the sidebar
is not visible, open the View menu and choose Show Sidebar. If Show Sidebar is
dimmed, choose Show Toolbar.

To add, remove, and rearrange items in the sidebar:

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To add a file, folder, or application to the sidebar, drag its icon to the Places
section.

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To remove an item, drag its icon out of the sidebar. Although the icon disap-
pears, the original is still in its place on your computer.
You can’t remove items from the Shared section.

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To rearrange items, drag to where you want them in the sidebar.

You can’t rearrange items in the Shared section

To show, hide, or resize the sidebar:

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To show or hide the sidebar, click the oval button in the upper-right corner of
the window. (Hiding the sidebar also hides the toolbar.)

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To change the width of the sidebar, drag the right side of the divider bar to
the right or left.

To customize the list of basic sidebar items:

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Choose Finder > Preferences and click Sidebar.

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Select the items you want to show in the sidebar.

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 The home folder
The home folder stores your documents, preference settings, and other infor-
mation. A home folder is created for each user of your computer when his or
her account is set up. If you are the only user of your computer, there is only
one home folder. The home folder isn’t actually named “Home”; its name is the
same as the short name specified in your user account. Your home folder ap-
pears in the sidebar of Finder windows.

When you are logged in to your account, your home folder’s icon is
a house. If your computer has multiple accounts and someone else
is logged in, that person’s home folder has the house icon, and your
home folder has a folder icon.

The folders inside your home folder make it easy to find various types of files on
your computer. Some of them are described below

Desktop

The files and folders that appear on your desktop.

Documents

Most files you save on your computer, such as text documents.

Downloads

Files you download from a local network, the web, or another source.

Library

Files used by Mac OS X and your applications, including your personal fonts and
preferences.

Movies

Your movies, including projects you create using iMovie.

Music

Your music files, including MP3 and AAC files used by iTunes.
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Pictures

Your photos, including pictures you’ve imported into iPhoto or taken using
Photo Booth.

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 Public

Files you want to make available to other users on your network.

Sites

Webpages for hosting your personal websites.

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 Previewing files with Quick Look
Using the Quick Look feature, you can quickly view the contents of a file or
folder without opening it or starting an application.

To preview items with Quick Look

Step 1 Select one or more items to preview.

Step 2 Click the Quick Look (eye) button, or press the Space bar.
A Quick Look window opens with the first item displayed. To enlarge
the window, drag the lower-right corner or click the double arrows to
switch to full screen view.
If you’re previewing multiple items, click the buttons along the bottom
to move from one item to the next or to view a “contact sheet” of all
the items.

Step 3 If you like, continue previewing items by clicking their icons in the
Finder. The Quick Look window displays each item as you click it.

Step 4 To close the preview, click the Quick Look button (or press the Space
bar) again, or click the close (x) button in the Quick Look window.
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 Exposé
Your computer has a feature called Exposé that makes it easy to find windows
when your desktop is cluttered. Even if you have many overlapping windows,
Exposé lets you view thumbnail versions of all of them so you can find the one
you need.

To see all your open windows, press the Exposé key (pictured below) i.e F3.
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 Spotlight
Spotlight searches filenames, content, and metadata (data that describes other
data) to find almost anything on your computer, including documents, images,
music, email messages, and more. For example, if you search for “Tom,” Spot-
light returns Tom’s contact information, all documents that contain the word
“Tom,” all email messages to or from Tom, all calendar appointments with Tom,
and all transcripts of iChat conferences with Tom.

To search, click the Spotlight icon (looks like an eyeglass) in the upper-right cor-
ner of your screen and type a word or phrase in the Spotlight search field.

The Spotlight search field also appears in applications including the Finder, Mail,
and System Preferences, as well as in Open and Save dialogs. Spotlight is used
to create Smart Folders, Smart Mailboxes, and Smart Groups, which help you
organize your information.

To get a quick calculation:

Click the Spotlight icon (looks like a magnifying glass) in the upper-right corner
of your screen, and type a mathematical expression. For example, if you type
956*23.94, the search results include the calculation 956*23.94 = 22886.64.

To get a definition in the Spotlight search field:

Click the Spotlight icon (looks like a magnifying glass) in the upper-right corner
of your screen, and type a word. The search results include the dictionary defini-
tion.

To perform a Boolean query:

A Boolean query uses AND, OR, and NOT (known as Boolean operators) to nar-
row the search results. You can also use a minus sign (-), meaning AND NOT, to
exclude items when you search. Here are examples of what you might type in
the search field when you use Boolean operators:

author:tom OR author:thom searches for items authored by Tom or Thom, if

you don’t know the exact spelling of his name.

kind:message date:6/29/08-7/25/08 NOT date:7/14/08 searches for email

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messages dated from 6/29/08 through 7/25/08, but excludes those dated
7/14/08.

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 To prevent folders from being searched:

Step 1 Click Privacy.

Step 2 To add a folder or disk to the list of locations to exclude from searches,
click Add (+) and then locate the folder. You can also drag a folder or
disk from your desktop or the Finder into the list.

NOTE: If you add a Time Machine backup disk to the list, you will continue to
see messages that Spotlight is indexing your backup disk. This indexing is neces-
sary for Time Machine to function properly and can’t be disabled. Spotlight will
exclude from searches any items you store on your backup disk that are not part
of a Time Machine backup.

To remove a folder or disk from the list, highlight it, and then click Remove (-).
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 Dashboard and widgets
Dashboard is a collection of small programs, called “widgets,” that let you
quickly do a wide variety of tasks such as checking stock prices, finding local or
global weather information, looking up words in the dictionary, and more.

Dashboard comes with many widgets already installed. If you’re connected to

the Internet, you can download additional widgets.

To see Dashboard and the widgets, click the Dashboard icon in the Dock or
press the Dashboard key i.e F4.

To customize widgets:

Step 1 To open Dashboard, press the Dashboard key (pictured below).

Step 2 Move the pointer over each widget. Widgets you can customize have a
small Info (i) button in one corner.

Step 3 Click a widget’s Info (i) button to see the settings you can change.

To download and install widgets:

Step 1 To open Dashboard, press the Dashboard key or Dashboard Icon on

Dock

Step 2 Click the Open (+) button to open the widget bar.

Step 3 Click Manage Widgets.

Step 4 Click More Widgets to go to the Dashboard Widgets website.

Step 5 Browse the widget website. When you find a widget you want to
install, click its Download button.

Step 6 When the Widget Installer opens, click Install.

Step 7 If the installer doesn’t open automatically, go to the downloaded file

and open it. If the file’s name includes the .zip extension, double-click
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it to unzip it, and then open it.

Step 8 Click Keep to keep the widget. If you decide not to keep it, click De-
lete.

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 If the Widget Installer doesn’t open automatically when you use Safari to down-
load a widget, choose Safari > Preferences and click General, and then select
“Open ‘safe’ files after downloading.”
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 Quick Time Player
Viewing movies at full screen and other sizes

You can set a movie’s size so that it completely fills the screen. You can also set
a movie to play at half size, double size, or other sizes that best fit the movie
you’re viewing and how you want to watch it.

Choose one of the following size settings:

Step 1 Enter Full Screen: The movie is displayed as large as possible and no
other windows, the menu bar, or controls are visible. To show the con-
trols, move the mouse. To exit full-screen mode, press Escape.

Step 2 Actual Size: The movie is not scaled larger or smaller. It is displayed at
100 percent of its source size, or as close as possible to 100% for the
size of the screen you’re using.

Step 3 Fit to Screen: The movie is scaled as large as possible to fit your display,
without distorting or hiding any content. Other windows and the
menu bar remain visible.

Step 4 Fill Screen: The movie is scaled and cropped to completely fill your
screen in at least one dimension. This can eliminate black areas on
the top (letterboxing) or side (pillarboxing) but may hide or distort the
content. This option is available only in full-screen mode.

Step 5 Panoramic: The movie is scaled to fit your screen and the outer hori-
zontal edges are compressed to avoid cropping the image. This option
is available only in full-screen mode.

To record a video or audio movie:

Step 1 If necessary, connect the camera or microphone to the computer.

Step 2 In QuickTime Player, choose File > New Movie Recording or File > New
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Audio Recording. A preview window appears, which you can use to

adjust settings such as camera position, lighting, and audio level be-
fore you start recording.

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 To change the input source or quality of the recording, click the arrow
button in the controller.

Step 3 To start recording, click the Record button at the bottom of the win-
dow.

Step 4 To stop recording, click the button again.

The movie you just recorded appears in a QuickTime movie window.
The movie is automatically saved in the Movies folder, inside your
home folder.
Audio files are encoded in AAC format, video files are encoded using
H.264, but recordings made with the high quality setting may use dif-
ferent codecs depending on the capabilities of your computer.

To record your screen:

Step 1 Choose File > New Screen Recording.

Step 2 If you want to record yourself speaking as you use the computer, click
the arrow button and then select an audio input source from the pop-
up menu.

Step 3 Arrange the computer windows as you want to capture them, and
then click the Record button and follow the onscreen instructions. The
whole screen, and all onscreen action, is recorded.

Step 4 To stop the recording, click Stop, or press Command-Control-Escape.

The movie is automatically saved in your Movies folder, inside your
home folder, and is opened for your review.

To trim a movie:

Step 1 Open the movie in QuickTime Player, and then choose Edit > Trim.
The trimming bar appears.

Step 2 Use the trimming bar to select the portion of the movie that you want
to keep.
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Step 3 Drag the play head, represented by a red vertical line, to find the por-
tions of the movie that you want to eliminate.

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 Step 4 Drag the start and end of the trimming bar, using the yellow handles,
to select the portion of the movie that you want to keep.

Step 5 If the start or end of your movie doesn’t have any sound, choose Edit
> Select All Excluding Silence to quickly set the trimming region to
exclude the silent portions of your movie.

Step 6 Click the Trim button. The movie is shortened to the portion you se-
lected.
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 About Safari
Safari is a web browser—an application that helps you find, view, and interact
with webpages. Safari is designed to maximize your view of webpages, so you’ll
find minimal controls, such as a scroll bar that appears only when it’s needed,
and customizable toolbars that you can hide so more of the window is available
for content.

To view Top Sites:

Safari identifies your favorite sites and displays previews of them on the Top
Sites page. Safari chooses Top Sites based on how often and how recently
you’ve visited each site. As you explore the web and discover new websites, the
Top Sites page changes to match your interests.

Step 1 Click the Top Sites icon in the bookmarks bar.

Step 2 To visit a Top Sites page, click its preview. Pages with new content have
a star in the upper-right corner.

To add a page to Top Sites:

On the Top Sites page, click the Edit button. Then do any of the following:

Step 1 Open the webpage in a second Safari window, highlight the page’s ad-
dress in the address field, and drag the address to the Top Sites page.

Step 2 Drag a link from an email message, text document, webpage, or other
source to the Top Sites page.

Step 3 Type the address in a document, highlight it, and drag it to the Top
Sites page.

Step 4 When you are finished adding pages, click Done.

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 To customize Top Sites:

On the Top Sites page, click the Edit button. Then do any of the following:

Step 1 To specify that a page should be kept in Top Sites and not replaced by
other pages visited more often, click the pin icon in the page’s upper-
left corner.
To reverse this action, click the pin icon again.

Step 2 To specify that a page should never be included in Top Sites, click the X
in the page’s upper-left corner.

Step 3 To display 24, 12, or 6 webpage previews, click Small, Medium, or

Large.

Step 4 To rearrange the pages, drag them.

Step 5 When you are finished making changes, click Done.

Cover Flow and Safari

Using Cover Flow, you can flip through websites as easily as you flip through
album art in iTunes. Cover Flow displays your bookmarks and history as large
graphical previews, so you can pick out a website instantly.

To see how Cover Flow works, open the bookmarks list by clicking the open-
book icon at the left end of the Safari Bookmarks bar. In the Collections list,
select History or a collection whose bookmarks you want to view. Use the hori-
zontal scroll bar to flip through the webpage previews.

You can also use the scroll button on a mouse to flip through previews. If you
have a trackpad configured to support trackpad gestures, you can swipe left
and right.

NOTE:Cover Flow does not appear on older computers with graphics cards that
don’t support Cover Flow.
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 Browsing privately

When you browse the web, Safari stores information about the websites you
visit, including the content and any user names and passwords you enter. Other
people who use your computer can view that information. If you don’t want
this information stored, use Private Browsing.

Private Browsing is always turned off when you open Safari, even if it was on
when you last quit Safari.

To turn on Private Browsing:

Step 1 Choose Safari > Private Browsing.

Step 2 When you see a confirmation message, click OK. A Private button ap-
pears in the address field to indicate that private browsing is on.

To skip the confirmation message, hold down the Option key while you choose
Private Browsing.

To turn off Private Browsing:

Step 1 Choose Safari > Private Browsing (so the checkmark disappears), or

click the Private button in the address field.

Step 2 Close any windows you’ve used to view private information.

If you don’t close the windows, other users can view those pages using the Back
and Forward buttons.

If you forgot to turn on Private Browsing:

After you finish browsing, choose Safari > Reset Safari.

When Private Browsing is on, webpages are not added to the history list, the
names of downloads are removed from the Downloads window after down-
loading is complete, AutoFill information isn’t saved, and searches are not
added to the pop-up menu in the search field. Websites that store databases on
your computer can’t modify the databases, so services normally available at such
sites may work differently until you turn off Private Browsing.
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 About Mail
With Mail, you can send, receive, and organize email messages. When you read
your messages, you can select content that you need to track, such as action
items or requests, and quickly organize them in to-do lists. Mail also provides
handy notes, to help you capture and organize your thoughts and ideas.

Your messages are stored in mailboxes. Some mailboxes are standard and are
created when you set up a mail account. Standard mailboxes include the:

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Inbox, for messages you have received.

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Drafts, for messages you have written and saved, but haven’t sent.

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Outbox, for messages that are in the process of being sent.

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Sent mailbox, for copies of messages you have sent.

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Junk mailbox, for messages that you indicate are unwanted, such as spam.

Some mailboxes are added when you first use a feature, such as the To Do,
Notes, and RSS mailboxes. You can create your own mailboxes to organize
messages by specific categories, such as “friends” or “work projects.” All your
mailboxes and folders appear in a vertical sidebar in the viewer window.

To add an account:

Step 1 Choose File > Add Account or click the Add (+) button in the Accounts
pane of Mail preferences.

Step 2 Enter information about the user.

Mail searches for the information it needs to finish setting up your ac-
count. If it can’t find the information, continue to the next step.

Step 3 Enter information about the incoming and outgoing mail servers,
review the account summary, and then click Create.
For information about options, click the Help button (looks like a ques-
tion mark). If you don’t want the account to be active immediately, de-
select the “Take account online” checkbox. You can take the account
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online later.

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 To create and send a message:

Step 1 Choose File > New Message, or click New Message in the toolbar of
the viewer window.

Step 2 Apply stationery to the message, if you want.

Step 3 Use the address fields to enter the email addresses of your recipients,
such as

Step 4 Enter the subject line and the text of the message.
If you applied stationery, click in the text area to select the boilerplate
text, and then start typing your text; the boilerplate text is replaced.

Step 5 Make sure the From and Reply To email addresses are the ones you
want to use.
By default, the address that appears to recipients in the From field is
the one you selected in the Composing pane of Mail preferences.
To use a different address for a message, choose one from the From
pop-up menu. You may need to customize the header area to dis-
play the pop-up menu.
To have replies sent to an email address that is different from the one
you’re using to send the message, choose View > Reply-To Address
Field, and then enter an address.

Step 6 Click Send.

You can include your email address in the Cc (carbon copy) or Bcc (blind car-
bon copy) address field to receive your own messages. To automatically do so,
choose Mail > Preferences and click Composing. In the Composing section,
choose Bcc or Cc from the pop-up menu and select the “Automatically Bcc (or
Cc) myself” checkbox.

To address a message:

Step 1 Start typing a name or email address in the To field or in any other ad-
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dress field.
You can type just the first few letters of a recipient’s name or email
address. For example, to address a message to Tom Clark, type “t c”

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 to display a list of names where the first name begins with “t” and the
last name begins with “c,” and then choose Tom Clark from the list.

Step 2 When you see the address you want, click it or use arrow keys to move
to it, and press Return. If there is no match for the address you want,
type the complete address.
To add more recipients, start typing the next name. When you’re done
adding recipients, press Tab to move to the next field.
If you enter email addresses that are not Smart Addresses, separate
them with a comma.

To create a note:

Step 1 Click Note in the toolbar of the viewer window, or choose File > New
Note.

Step 2 Type the text of the note.

Mail uses the first line as the subject of the note in the notes list.

Step 3 Click Done or close the note window.

The note is stored in the location specified in the Composing pane of
Mail preferences.

To use a note:

Step 1 To create a to-do item from the note, select the text you want to use
as the to-do item, and then click To Do.

Step 2 To format the note, click Fonts or Colors.

Step 3 To add an attachment such as an image, click Attach.

Step 4 To send the note as an email message, click Send. The images used in
the note stationery are added as attachments to the message, so your
recipients will see your text on yellow note paper just as you do.
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 Creating to-do items

When you think of something:

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Click To Do in the toolbar.

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The item is displayed in the To Do list in the sidebar. You can enter informa-
tion and set options for the item in the to-do list.

Creating to-do items From notes and messages

Step 1 In a note you create or receive, or in a message you receive, select the
text you want to track as a to-do item and click To Do in the toolbar.
Or Control-click the text and choose New To Do from the shortcut
menu.
The item is displayed at the top of the note or message and added to
the To Do list in the sidebar.

Step 2 Set options for the to-do item or view the original text.
To change the item’s title or add more text, click in the field and start
typing. The original text remains unchanged in a note or message you
received; in a note you created, the original text is updated with your
changes.
To set options or add the item to an iCal calendar, click the Details ar-
row to the left of the item title.
To highlight the original text in the note or message, click the down
arrow to the right of the item.

To attach a picture:

Step 1 Add the picture to the message in one of these ways:

Click Photo Browser in the toolbar to view available images, and then
drag an image into the message.
Drag a picture from your desktop, the Finder, iPhoto, or another ap-
plication into the message.
Click the Attach button in the toolbar or choose File > Attach Files,
and then select an image file.
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Step 2 Adjust the image size using the pop-up menu in the lower right of the
window.

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 Mail inserts the picture in its actual size. This could cause the message
to exceed limits set by your email provider. If the message size in the
lower left of the window appears in red, choose a smaller size from the
pop-up menu.

Step 3 Drag the image to the place where you want it to appear in the mes-
sage.
If a recipient is using Mail or another email application that retains the
order of the contents of your message, the recipient sees the attach-
ment in the same location where you inserted it.

To create a Smart Mailbox:

Step 1 Choose Mailbox > New Smart Mailbox, or click the Add (+) button at
the bottom of the sidebar and then choose New Smart Mailbox

Step 2 Use the pop-up menus and text fields to define the search criteria for
the mailbox. If necessary, click the Add (+) button to add more search
criteria.

Step 3 If you’re creating a Smart Mailbox for messages and you want to
include messages from the Trash and Sent mailboxes in your Smart
Mailbox, select the checkboxes.

To change the search criteria, choose Mailbox > Edit Smart Mailbox. To copy a
Smart Mailbox, choose Mailbox > Duplicate Smart Mailbox. These commands
are also available from the Action pop-up menu (looks like a gear) at the bottom
of the sidebar.

To subscribe to RSS feeds:

Step 1 Choose File > Add RSS Feeds, or click the Add (+) button at the bot-
tom of the sidebar, and then choose Add RSS Feeds.

Step 2 Browse and select a feed you’ve bookmarked in Safari, or enter or

paste the URL of a new feed.
To search feeds you’ve bookmarked in Safari, start typing in the search
field.
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Step 3 To include RSS feeds in your Inbox, click “Show in Inbox.”

Step 4 Click Add.

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 iChat
To start a video chat:

Step 1 Click the camera icon next to the buddy you want to video chat with.
A preview window opens, showing the video image your buddy will
see.

Step 2 Select the buddies you want to invite. To select more than one buddy,
hold down the Command key while you click the buddies’ names in a
buddy list or Bonjour window.
Click the Camera button at the bottom of the list.

Step 3 If you’re text chatting with a buddy who has a camera connected to
his or her computer, choose Buddies > “Invite to Video Chat.”

Step 4 Choose File > New Chat, and then choose the account you want to
use for the chat from the From pop-up menu. From the Type pop-up
menu, choose Video Chat.
In the To field, identify one, two, or three people by typing names
or instant messaging IDs or by dragging names from a buddy list or
Bonjour window.
Click Chat to start the video chat.

When your buddy accepts your invitation, his or her image opens in the chat
window, and your preview image shrinks into a corner of the chat window. To
move your image to another corner of the chat window, click that corner. To
hide your image, choose Video > Hide Local Video.

To add people to a video chat:

The initiator of the video chat can add more people to the chat by doing one of
the following:

Step 1 Click the Add (+) button in the chat window.

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Step 2 Drag a buddy to the chat window

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 To record a video chat:

Step 1 Start a video or audio chat with one or more buddies.

Step 2 Choose Video > Record Chat.

A Recording Request window opens on your buddies’ screens. If they
click Allow, recording proceeds.

Step 3 To stop recording, either click the Stop button or close the chat win-
dow.

By default, recorded video and audio chats are stored in the iChats folder in
your Documents folder. To choose a different location for saved recordings, in
the Messages pane of iChat preferences, select “Save chat transcripts to,” and
then select the location.

To save a chat:

Step 1 Before you close the chat window, choose File > “Save a Copy As.”

Step 2 If you like, type a new name for the transcript or choose a different
location, and then click Save.

The chat is saved as an iChat transcript document.

To save all your chats:

Step 1 Choose iChat > Preferences, and then click Messages.

Step 2 Select “Save chat transcripts to.”

The default location for saved chat transcripts is the iChats folder in
your Documents folder, but you can choose a different folder from the
menu.

Step 3 Select “In new chat windows, show,” and then choose an option from
the pop-up menu to set the number of saved messages to show in a
new chat window.
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 iTunes Player overview
Use the iTunes Player to play music, movies, TV shows, podcasts, and other
items in your iTunes library. You can also play CDs, DVDs, Internet radio stations,
and other content from the web.

The iTunes Player automatically organizes your content according to type of me-
dia (Music, Movies, and so on). You can also organize your content any way you
choose by creating playlists. A playlist is a custom compilation of songs, videos,
and other content.

Import songs from CDs

You can import songs from your CDs into your iTunes library. Imported songs
are stored on your hard disk so that you can listen to them without having the
original CD in the disc drive.

iTunes imports most songs within a few minutes, and an entire CD within about
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10 minutes.

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 To import songs from CDs into your iTunes library:

Step 1 Insert an audio CD into your computer’s internal CD or DVD drive.

Step 2 When the list of songs appears in the iTunes window, deselect (remove
the checkmark from) any songs you don’t want to import.
Note: If you’re not connected to the Internet or iTunes can’t find the
CD’s information, songs appear as “Track 01,” “Track 02,” and so on.
For more information, see If you don’t see song information.

Step 3 To add the selected songs to your library, click the Import CD button
(at the bottom of the iTunes window):

To cancel importing, click the Cancel button next to the progress

bar at the top of the iTunes window.
Any songs that iTunes imports before you cancel importing are added
to your iTunes library.

Step 4 When the songs are finished importing, click the Eject symbol to
the right of the CD.
The default encoding format is AAC. To change formats, see Choose
import settings.
You can continue to use iTunes while songs are importing.
Tip: You can also import a song by dragging it to the Music playlist
(below Library). You’ll see a green plus sign when it’s OK to stop
dragging.
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 To play a song:

Do one of the following:

t
Select a song in your music library or a playlist, and then click the Play but-
ton.

t
Double-click the song to start playing it.

To change the order of songs:

t
To play songs in alphabetical order by song title, artist, or album, click the
column heading in the iTunes list.

t
To change the order of songs in a playlist, drag the songs into the order you
want. If you can’t drag a song, click the column heading above the numbers.
You can’t reorder songs if they’re sorted by one of the other headings or if
shuffle is on. To turn off shuffle, click the Shuffle button.

To shuffle songs:

t
To turn shuffle on or off, click the Shuffle button.

Shuffle is on when the arrows are blue.

t
To choose whether iTunes shuffles by songs, albums, or groupings, choose

Controls > Shuffle > Option.
If you select “by Albums” or “by Groupings,” iTunes plays the songs in
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the order in which they appear on the album or in the grouping, and then
chooses another album or grouping at random.
When shuffle is on, you can’t drag songs into a new order in a playlist.

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 To play songs repeatedly:

You can repeat a single song, or all the songs in your library or a playlist.

t
To repeat all the songs in your library or a playlist, select it and then click the
Repeat button until it’s highlighted blue.

t
To repeat the currently playing song, select it and then click the Repeat but-
ton until the number 1 appears.

t
To turn off repeat, click the Repeat button until it’s no longer highlighted.

You can’t repeat individual songs in a live mix (iTunes DJ).

To prevent a song from playing:

Deselect the checkbox to the left of the song title.

Important:Deselecting a song’s checkbox deselects the song anywhere it appears

in iTunes, so the song doesn’t play in the Music library or any playlist it’s in.

Playlist overview

A playlist is a custom compilation of songs and video. You might want to create
a playlist to:

t
Suit a specific mood or occasion. For example, you could create a playlist to
listen to at a dinner party, while you’re exercising, or for a wedding.

t
Select certain songs to share with others on your local network or to sync
with your iPod.

t
Burn a CD of songs to play on a CD player.

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t
Organize your iTunes library.

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 There are five kinds of playlists; you create the first kind yourself and iTunes cre-
ates the other four for you.

t
Standard playlists: You create these playlists by dragging items to the list.

t
Smart Playlists: Specify some rules for iTunes to follow, and it creates a Smart
Playlist that updates automatically as your library changes.

To create a playlist:

t
Do one of the following:

t
To create an empty playlist, deselect all songs (click the iTunes win-
dow) and choose File > New Playlist, or click the Add button in
the bottom-left corner of the iTunes window.

t
To create a playlist containing selected songs, Command-click to

select the songs and choose File > “New Playlist from Selection.”

t
Type a name for the playlist.

t
Click Music (or another item below Library) and drag an item to the playlist.
To select multiple items, hold down the Command or Shift key while you
click. Drag until a green plus sign appears.

Create a Smart Playlist

iTunes can create playlists of certain types of music, songs with certain ratings,
or songs that match other rules you specify. iTunes can update these playlists
automatically.

For example, you could create a Smart Playlist that’s no more than 5 gigabytes
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(GB) in size and includes your most highly rated jazz songs. Or you could create
a Smart Playlist of songs by a particular artist. When you import a new CD from
that artist, the songs are added automatically to the Smart Playlist.

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 A Smart Playlist has this icon next to it. iTunes comes with several Smart Play-
lists already set up, including My Top Rated, Recently Added, and Top 25 Most
Played.

To create a Smart Playlist:

Step 1 Choose File > New Smart Playlist.

Step 2 Specify your rules.

To add another set of rules, hold down the Option key and click the
Nest button. (When you hold down the Option key, the Add button
changes to the Nest button.)

Create your own audio CDs

To make your own CD, you need:

t
A disc drive that can burn CDs.

t
A blank CD. If you plan to play the CD on a consumer CD player (not only
on a computer), you need to use a blank CD-R disc, not a CD-RW disc.
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t
An iTunes playlist containing the songs you want on the CD.

You can fit about 74 minutes of music (about 20 songs) on a 650 MB CD-R
disc. Some discs can contain 80 minutes (700 MB) of music. (You can see the

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 size of the selected playlist at the bottom of the iTunes window.) For instruc-
tions on creating a playlist.

When you burn a CD, iTunes automatically adjusts the recording speed to the
blank CD’s rating. However, if your blank CD is rated for a slower speed than
the maximum speed of your drive, or if you experience problems creating CDs,
you may want to change the CD recording speed to match the CD’s rating.

To create an audio CD:

Step 1 Select or create a playlist containing the songs you want to burn to
the CD; make sure the songs you want to include have a checkmark
beside them.

Step 2 Insert a blank disc.

Step 3 Choose File > “Burn Playlist to Disc.”

If “Burn Playlist to Disc” doesn’t appear in the menu, it means that the
playlist you selected can’t be burned to a CD because it contains items
with usage restrictions.

Step 4 Select Audio CD as the Disc Format.

Step 5 Choose your options:

t
To change the CD recording speed, choose an option from the Pre-
ferred Speed pop-up menu.

t
To change the length of the silence between songs, choose an op-
tion from the Gap Between Songs pop-up menu.

t
To have all the songs on the CD play at the same volume, select Use
Sound Check.

t
To include information that CD players in some vehicles can display,

select Include CD Text.

Step 6 Click Burn.

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