®

BlueCore

ADK Audio Sink Application

User Guide
Issue 7

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© Cambridge Silicon Radio Limited 2014 CS-236868-UGP7
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Document History
Revision Date History

1 15 FEB 13 Original publication of this document

2 15 DEC 13 Updated for ADK 3 and to the new CSR style

3 27 JAN 14 Minor editorial corrections

4 27 JUN 14 Updated for ADK 3.5

5 07 AUG 14 Correction to Document References

BlueCore ADK Audio Sink Application User Guide

6 11 AUG 14 Guidance added for external audio amplifier power management feature
using PIOs, see section 6.3.1, 6.3.2 updated.

7 14 UG 14 Section 11.4 updated

Contacts
General information www.csr.com
Information on this product sales@csr.com
Customer support for this product www.csrsupport.com
More detail on compliance and standards product.compliance@csr.com
Help with this document comments@csr.com

Trademarks, Patents and Licences

Unless otherwise stated, words and logos marked with ™ or ® are trademarks registered or owned by CSR plc
and/or its affiliates.
Bluetooth® and the Bluetooth logos are trademarks owned by Bluetooth SIG, Inc. and licensed to CSR.
Other products, services and names used in this document may have been trademarked by their respective owners.
The publication of this information does not imply that any licence is granted under any patent or other rights owned
by CSR plc or its affiliates.
CSR reserves the right to make technical changes to its products as part of its development programme.
While every care has been taken to ensure the accuracy of the contents of this document, CSR cannot accept
responsibility for any errors.

Life Support Policy and Use in Safety-critical Compliance

CSR’s products are not authorised for use in life-support or safety-critical applications. Use in such applications is
done at the sole discretion of the customer. CSR will not warrant the use of its devices in such applications.

Performance and Conformance

Refer to www.csrsupport.com for compliance and conformance to standards information.

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Contents
Document History ......................................................................................................................................................... 2
Contacts........................................................................................................................................................................ 2
Trademarks, Patents and Licences .............................................................................................................................. 2
Life Support Policy and Use in Safety-critical Compliance............................................................................................ 2
Performance and Conformance .................................................................................................................................... 2
Contents ....................................................................................................................................................................... 3
Tables, Figures and Equations ..................................................................................................................................... 4
1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................ 5
1.1. Hardware ........................................................................................................................................................ 5
2. Getting Started....................................................................................................................................................... 6
2.1. To Flash the Audio Sink Application onto Suitable Hardware ......................................................................... 6

BlueCore ADK Audio Sink Application User Guide

2.2. Making a Bluetooth Connection with another Device ..................................................................................... 7
3. To Set Up the xIDE Project Environment ............................................................................................................... 8
3.1. Libraries Used by the Audio Sink Application ................................................................................................. 8
3.2. To Enable Extra A2DP Codecs .................................................................................................................... 10
3.3. To Enable Debug Output .............................................................................................................................. 10
4. Peer Device Support............................................................................................................................................ 11
5. DSPSoundbar Configuration ............................................................................................................................... 12
6. AUDIO Configuration ........................................................................................................................................... 13
6.1. Input Sources ............................................................................................................................................... 13
6.2. S/PDIF Input ................................................................................................................................................. 14
6.3. Output Sources............................................................................................................................................. 16
7. Audio Routing – Music Applications..................................................................................................................... 17
7.1. Low Latency Applications ............................................................................................................................. 17
7.2. Silence Detection.......................................................................................................................................... 17
7.3. S/PDIF Configuration.................................................................................................................................... 17
8. Volume Control .................................................................................................................................................... 18
8.1. DAC Volume Control .................................................................................................................................... 18
8.2. Digital Volume Control .................................................................................................................................. 18
8.3. Hybrid Volume Control ................................................................................................................................. 19
9. Input Manager ..................................................................................................................................................... 20
9.1. Feature Overview ......................................................................................................................................... 20
9.2. Input Events.................................................................................................................................................. 20
9.3. Timers .......................................................................................................................................................... 21
9.4. To Configure the Input Manager ................................................................................................................... 21
10. Bluetooth Smart Input Monitor.......................................................................................................................... 22
10.1. HID Over GATT Profile ............................................................................................................................. 22
10.2. Overview ................................................................................................................................................... 22
10.3. Profile Dependencies ................................................................................................................................ 22
10.4. Roles ......................................................................................................................................................... 22
10.5. Feature Overview ...................................................................................................................................... 23
10.6. Bluetooth Smart Input Monitor Events ...................................................................................................... 23
10.7. User Events .............................................................................................................................................. 23
10.8. System Events .......................................................................................................................................... 24
10.9. Pairing and Connection Management ....................................................................................................... 24
10.10. Setting up the HID Device ......................................................................................................................... 25
10.11. Using the Bluetooth Smart Input Monitor .................................................................................................. 26
10.12. Bluetooth Smart Input Monitor Configuration ............................................................................................ 27

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11. Infra-red Input Monitor...................................................................................................................................... 28
11.1. Feature Overview ...................................................................................................................................... 28
11.2. Infra-red User Events ................................................................................................................................ 28
11.3. Infra-red System Events ........................................................................................................................... 28
11.4. Supported Infra-red Consumer Protocols.................................................................................................. 28
11.5. Infra-red Transmissions ............................................................................................................................ 28
11.6. Infra-red Learning Mode ........................................................................................................................... 29
11.7. Configuring the Infra-red Input Monitor ..................................................................................................... 29
12. Audio Sink Application States .......................................................................................................................... 30
Document References ................................................................................................................................................ 31
Terms and Definitions ................................................................................................................................................. 31

BlueCore ADK Audio Sink Application User Guide

Tables, Figures and Equations
Table 1.1: PS Keys to Read Using PSTool ................................................................................................................... 5
Table 3.1: Audio Sink Application Libraries ................................................................................................................. 10
Table 6.1: Configuration Parameters .......................................................................................................................... 15
Table 12.1: Audio Sink Application States .................................................................................................................. 30

Figure 6.1: S/PDIF Function Block Diagram ............................................................................................................... 14

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1. Introduction
This document describes how to use the Audio Sink application included in this ADK. The Audio Sink application
provides a basis for developing Bluetooth enabled:
 Headsets
 Soundbars
 Speakers
The application runs as a Bluetooth Audio Sink that supports the following profiles:
 HSP v1.1
 HFP v1.6
 A2DP v1.3

BlueCore ADK Audio Sink Application User Guide

 AVRCP v1.5
 MAP v1.0
 PBAP v1.0
Additionally it supports Bluetooth Smart profile:
 Battery Level Service
This document should be used in conjunction with the document ADK Sink Application Configuration User Guide and
ADK Subwoofer User Guide..

1.1. Hardware
The document describes the Audio Sink application in this ADK running on the CSR Bluetooth example design
boards CNS10001v4 (CSR8670) and H13179 with a H13374 module (CSR8675).

1.1.1. Backing Up the Development Board

Before flashing the application onto the hardware CSR recommends clearing all the PS Keys from the development
board. This places the board into a known good state.
All tools are available in the [ADK]\tools\bin sub directory. Alternatively, tools with a GUI (e.g. PSTool, BlueFlash) can
be accessed from the Windows’ Start menu under ADK\Tools.
Note:
Read the values in the PS Keys listed in Table 1.1 using PSTool and record the values so that they can be
restored later:

CSR8670 and CSR8675

PSKEY_BDADDR
PSKEY_ANA_FTRIM_OFFSET
PSKEY_CHARGER_CURRENT

Table 1.1: PS Keys to Read Using PSTool

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To clear the board’s PS Keys using BlueFlash:
1. Click Stop Processor and select Flash Erase.
2. Check the Erase Persistent Store box and then select OK.
3. Exit BlueFlash.
The application is ready to be flashed from the xIDE development environment onto the development board.

2. Getting Started
2.1. To Flash the Audio Sink Application onto Suitable Hardware
1. Connect the interface board to the development board and attach the SPI interface and USB charger.
2. Attach suitable headphones and microphone to the sockets on the development board.

BlueCore ADK Audio Sink Application User Guide

3. Open the xIDE development environment from the ADK program folder.
4. Select Open Workspace from the Project menu and select the sink application from the apps sub-
directory.
5. By default the application is setup to run on CSR8670 or CSR8675 hardware, to change hardware or
audio mode, see section 2.
6. Make sure the Transport is set correctly. Choose Debug > Transport and select the required Debug
Transport.
7. Use PSTool to merge the relevant PS Keys onto the device, for basic operation, for:
 CNS10001v4 development board: Use sink_system_csr8670.psr and
sink_config_10001v4_stereo.psr.
 H13179 with H13374 modules : Use sink_system_csr8675.psr and
sink_config_H13179v2_H13374v2_stereo.psr.
Note:
The following example configurations for use with the CNS10001v4 are available:
 Car kit
 Mono headset
 Soundbar
 Stereo headset
 Wired/USB headset.
8. Select Run (F5) from the Debug menu.
9. The application is now running on the hardware.
Note:
The Audio Sink application can also run independently of the xIDE environment by selecting Stop from the
Debug menu when the Audio Sink application is running then resetting the hardware.

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2.2. Making a Bluetooth Connection with another Device
2.2.1. To Pair and Connect the Audio Sink Application to an AG Device
1. Turn on the Audio Sink application by pressing and holding the VREG button, if the Audio Sink
application has not been paired before it will automatically enter pairing mode and be connectable and
discoverable.
2. Discover the Audio Sink application with the AG an initiate pairing. If a pin code is requested enter
0000.
3. The Audio Sink application is now paired with the AG.

2.2.2. To Clear the Audio Sink Application Paired Device List

In some cases, it is necessary to clear the PDL for successful connection or reconnection. This can be configured to

BlueCore ADK Audio Sink Application User Guide

a button press using the Audio Sink Configuration Tool.

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3. To Set Up the xIDE Project Environment
Audio Sink application project configurations are provided for Headset and Soundbar use cases on CSR8670 and
CSR8675, these can be selected from the drop down box in the xIDE tool bar.
Compile time options can then be selected from the Audio Sink application project properties and Enabled or
Disabled as required.
Note:
Including project options that are unsupported by the hardware you are using may produce the error:
Application uses trapsets which firmware doesn't support.
Execution Mode should be left on the setting Hardware Default or set to Assisted Native mode. This is the only
mode available on CSR8670 and CSR8675 platforms.

3.1. Libraries Used by the Audio Sink Application

BlueCore ADK Audio Sink Application User Guide

Many libraries are used by the Audio Sink VM application; they are specified in the VM Project Properties. Some
libraries have different build variants either to enable a different configuration or to exclude unused code to save
flash space.
Including libraries that are unused produces a harmless build warning. Many libraries have debug variants that can
be enabled by adding _debug.
Note:
Some library variants that are not commonly used are disabled from the build to optimise compile time. To
enable these variants edit the VARIANTS file for the required library and recompile.
Table 3.1 lists all libraries that the Audio Sink application uses; the default variant is highlighted in bold.

Library Available Variants Notes

avrcp avrcp, avrcp_controller, avrcp_target, Variants will disable

avrcp_debug controller/target parts
respectively.

power power, power_debug -

connection connection, connection _l2cap, Variants to disable

connection_rfcomm, L2CAP, RFCOMM and
connection_rfcomm_no_inquiry, BLE.
connection_debug, connection _no_ble,
connection _debug_no_ble

bdaddr bdaddr -

hfp hfp, hfp_min_cfm, hfp_debug, hfp_min_cfm_debug min_cfm variant sends

minimum required
confirmation messages
to the application

region region -

service service -

codec codec, codec_nowolfson The nowolfson variant

excludes Wolfson codec
support.

csr_tone_plugin csr_tone_plugin, csr_tone_plugin_debug -

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 Library Available Variants Notes

audio audio, audio_tts, audio_vp, audio_tts_debug, Variants enable support

audio_vp_debug, audio_asr, audio_asr_vp, audio, for:
audio_asr_vp_debug  Text To Speech
 Voice Prompts
 Speech
Recognition

csr_cvc_common_pl csr_cvc_common_plugin, All variant supports all

ugin csr_cvc_common_plugin_all, CVC types and stereo
csr_cvc_common_plugin_all_debug, mode

csr_voice_prompts csr_voice_prompts_plugin, -
_plugin csr_voice_prompts_plugin_file_only,

BlueCore ADK Audio Sink Application User Guide

csr_voice_prompts_plugin_file_only_dsp,
csr_voice_prompts_plugin_file_only_dsp_debug

csr_a2dp_decoder_ csr_a2dp_decoder_common_plugin_debug, Variants to enable aptX

common_plugin csr_a2dp_decoder_common_plugin_stereo, back channel modes.

csr_a2dp_decoder_common_plugin_stereo_debug,
csr_a2dp_decoder_common_plugin _stereo_bidir,
csr_a2dp_decoder_common_plugin
_stereo_bidir_debug,
csr_a2dp_decoder_common_plugin
_stereo_bidir_wbs,
csr_a2dp_decoder_common_plugin_stereo_bidir_wb
s_debug,

a2dp a2dp, a2dp_debug, a2dp_multi_slot, Varianto support atrac

a2dp_multi_slot_debug, a2dp_atrac, and SBC only.
a2dp_sbc_only Note:
The Multi_slot
variant uses
multiple memory
slots for internal
storage.

csr_common_exampl csr_common_example_plugin -
e_plugin

obex obex, obex_debug, obex_v2 -

sdp_parse sdp_parse -

md5 md5 -

usb_device_class usb_device_class, -
usb_device_class_no_mass_storage,
usb_device_class

spp_common spp_common, spp_common_debug -

spps spps, spps_debug -

sppc sppc, sppc_debug -

pblock pblock, pblock_debug -

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 Library Available Variants Notes

audio_plugin_comm audio_plugin_common -
on

csr_dut_audio_plu csr_dut_audio_plugin, csr_dut_audio_plugin_debug -

gin

csr_speech_recogn csr_speech_recognition_plugin, -
ition_plugin csr_speech_recognition_plugin_debug

pio_common pio_common, pio_common_debug -

pbapc pbapc, pbapc_debug, pbapc_debug_print -

BlueCore ADK Audio Sink Application User Guide

mapc mapc, mapc_debug -

gatt gatt, gatt_debug -

batt_rep batt_rep, batt_rep_debug -

Table 3.1: Audio Sink Application Libraries

3.2. To Enable Extra A2DP Codecs

By default the ADK is configured to use SBC for AD2P audio connections. Optionally it can be configured to use
MP3, AAC or aptX decoders:
1. Ensure that the relevant add-on package has been installed onto the ADK.
2. Add the Decoder application to the project workspace:
3. From the Project menu select Insert Project into Workspace and select the relevant project from the
directory:
<ADK>\kalimba\apps\a2dp_sink
4. Edit the sink.mak file to ensure that the decoders .kap file is copied into the Audio Sink application
image directory. The relevant code is provided commented out in the sink.mak file. If the .kap file is
not in the Audio Sink image directory the code crash when attempting to load the DSP decoder.
5. In the Audio Sink project settings enable the Extra Codec feature.
6. Run the project (F5), the new decoder should be built and installed in the image.

3.3. To Enable Debug Output

Adding the DEBUG_PRINT_ENABLED define Symbol enables debug output. This can be set in the sink_debug.h
file. Debug for particular files can be enabled and disabled by editing the relevant #define(s) in sink_debug.h.
Note:
When debug is enabled in the application or libraries the application does not run without a debugger attached.

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4. Peer Device Support
The ADK has a feature that allows two ADK based devices to connect to each other and relay A2DP based audio.
The two connected ADK devices are known as Peer devices and connect in a Peer session, see the ADK Peer
Device Support User Guide.

BlueCore ADK Audio Sink Application User Guide

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5. DSPSoundbar Configuration
The Sink application has configuration aimed at Soundbars using CSR8670 or CSR8675. In addition to the usual
features of the Sink application this enables manual selection of audio sources (see events in ADK Sink
Configuration) and optional use of a wireless Subwoofer device, see ADK Subwoofer User Guide.
To configure this, load the Sink application as described in section 2.1 but merge the .psr file
sink_config_10001v4_soundbar.psr or sink_config_H13179v2_H13374v1_soundbar.psr
depending on the development board in use, then select the Soundbar project configuration type from the xIDE
menu bar.

BlueCore ADK Audio Sink Application User Guide

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6. AUDIO Configuration
6.1. Input Sources
The Sink application accepts audio input from a variety of different sources including:
 Analogue wired input
 USB wired input
 S/PDIF wired input
 Bluetooth audio inputs as well as FM receive
The default PSR configuration files for the Headset build configures the application to accept the following input
sources:
 Bluetooth SCO and A2DP

BlueCore ADK Audio Sink Application User Guide

 Analogue wired
 USB Wired
The default PSR configuration files for the Soundbar build configures the application to accept the following input
sources:-

 Bluetooth SCO and A2DP

 Analogue wired
 USB wired
 S/PDIF wired or optical
The Headset and Soundbar builds differ in the way they handle the audio routing, for a Headset build the audio is
routed automatically when an audio source becomes available, audio is routed based on a priority system, headset
audio priorities are:
1. Bluetooth Audio
2. USB audio
3. Analogue wired audio
The priorities cannot be changed without modifications to the audio routing code in the sink_audio_routing.c
file, if required the order of the function calls checking for available audio sources can be re-ordered to suit a
particular application.
Audio routing for the Soundbar is a manual process, audio sources are routed as a direct result of a user generated
event tied to a particular button press, the default .psr file comes with the capacitive touch sensors pre-configured
to select the individual audio sources, there is no priority based switching available, any source can be selected at
any time. The default configuration for use on a CSR8670 or CSR8675 development boards is:
 Cap 0 sensor: Select FM audio source
 Cap 1 sensor: Select Analogue wired source
 Cap 2 sensor: Select USB wired source
 Cap 3 sensor: Select AG1 Bluetooth source
 Cap 4 sensor: Select AG2 Bluetooth source
 Cap 5 sensor: Select S/PDIF wired source
Input Source selections can be configured using the Sink Configuration Tool.

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 6.2. S/PDIF Input
The S/PDIF wire digital audio input supports all the features that are available to the analogue input types including:
 Music enhancement
 User EQ
 Configurable volume control
 High quality voice prompts
 Audio routing
 Subwoofer connections;
Note:
TrueWireless is not available for S/PDIF input.
There are hardware reference designs for both coaxial (phono) and optical (TOSLINK) S/PDIF connections.

BlueCore ADK Audio Sink Application User Guide

The S/PDIF input interface supports all S/PDIF standard sample rates:
 48 KHz
 44.1 KHz
 32 KHz

The sample rate is automatically detected and any transient is smooth and glitch-free. It also supports detection of
compressed digital audio defined by the IEC 61937 standard. CSR’s ADK 3.5 supports the Dolby Digital AC-3 format
which can be used to connect the output of DVD players or game consoles. Contact CSR to get the Dolby-certified
AC-3 decoder and instructions on how to enable Dolby Digital in ADK 3.5.

S/PDIF Input To Speakers

(Optional) Enhancement
(Analogue, I2S, or
IEC-61937 Dolby Digital AC-3 User EQ, Bass Manager, S/PDIF)
Decoder for Volume control, etc To Wireless
Compressed Audio
Subwoofer

Figure 6.1: S/PDIF Function Block Diagram

To build and include Contact CSR input support:
1. Open sink application in xIDE.
2. Insert Kalimba spdif_sink project into the sink project. The spdif_sink project is located in:
ADK_FOLDER\kalimba\apps\a2dp_sink
3. The default setting for the project includes Subwoofer support and plays only PCM uncompressed
audio, Go to the spdif_sink Project Properties and configure the project if you want to change it.
4. Make sure in the sink.mak that the S/PDIF is included in the build image:
image/spdif_sink/spdif_sink.kap :
$(mkdir) image/spdif_sink
$(copyfile)
..\..\kalimba\apps\a2dp_sink\image\spdif_sink\spdif_sink.kap $@
image.fs : image/spdif_sink/spdif_sink.kap
Note:
In the default configuration for Soundbar application, the CAP-SENSE-5 sensor has been defined to select and
route S/PDIF input audio.

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6.2.1. S/PDIF-specific Configuration
Table 6.1 lists the configuration parameters which can be set using the Sink Configuration tool.

Feature Default Range

Target Latency 40 20 to 150 (ms)

Supported Data types 0 -

Table 6.1: Configuration Parameters

Description of Configuration Parameters:
 Target Latency: This is the amount of required latency needed by the user.

BlueCore ADK Audio Sink Application User Guide

The Target Latency is defined by the delay between the time an audio sample reaches the IC until it is
rendered at the output audio interface. This is the latency that occurs within the IC and does not include
any latency that might occur in any external digital speaker.
Note:
The target latency is used to synchronise the audio and video by adjusting latency in the audio
path. The range of the value for the target latency is 20 ms to 80 ms.
When playing compressed Dolby Digital audio the maximum latency can be increased up to
150 ms
 Supported Data Types: By default the application only plays uncompressed stereo digital audio i.e.
PCM audio coming from the S/PDIF input interface.
To support Dolby Digital AC-3 compressed audio the corresponding check box needs to be ticked.
When receiving unsupported compressed audio from S/PDIF input interface, the output will be muted.

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6.3. Output Sources
Both the Headset and Soundbar applications can output audio using DAC, I2S or S/PDIF. The default configuration
.psr files for both the Headset and Soundbar are configured to use the DAC output using the digital volume control
scheme, see section 8.2.

6.3.1. DAC Output

Soundbar and Headset applications can be configured to use the internal DAC to output audio data to an external
audio amplifier. When DAC output is enabled in the PS Key configuration for the Soundbar application, the CSR8670
and CSR8675 devices are also capable of driving external audio amplifier Power Down and Mute pins for power
management purposes. Which PIOs are configured to drive these Power Down and Mute pins can be varied to suit
specific hardware designs. If power management is not required this feature can be disabled.
For further information about the Soundbar application PS Keys configuring the power management feature for
external audio amplifiers and assigning configurable PIOs, refer to the “Amplifier Power Down by PIO” PS Key

BlueCore ADK Audio Sink Application User Guide

configuration item (Feature Configuration, Word 8, in ADK Sink Application Configuration User Guide).

6.3.2. I2S Output

2
Soundbar and Headset applications can be configured to use I S to output audio data to an external audio
DAC/amplifier.
When I2S output is enabled in the PS Key configuration for Soundbar application, the CSR8670 and CSR8675
devices are also capable of driving external audio amplifier Power Down and Mute pins for power management,
exactly as described for DAC output in section 6.3.1.
2
Configuration of the I S interface using the Sink Configuration Tool allows a range of output clock rates to be chosen
2 2
along with the creation of customised I C control instructions, see the ADK 3.5 I S Configuration User Guide.

6.3.3. S/PDIF Output

The DSP applications can be configured to output audio using S/PDIF connection. This is achieved using the Sink
Configuration Tool to set the audio output type to S/PDIF.

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7. Audio Routing – Music Applications
Both the Headset and Soundbar applications have a PS Key that configures the audio routing capabilities of the
device, PSKEY_USR_37, this key can be configured with the Sink Configuration Tool and allows control of both the
input and output routing options as well as other optional settings.

7.1. Low Latency Applications

The sink workspace contains music DSP applications for:
 SBC decoder
 S/PDIF decoder
 FastStream decoder
 Low Latency FastStream and aptX decoder with 1-mic CVC back channel support

BlueCore ADK Audio Sink Application User Guide

 Low Latency FastStream and aptX decoder with 2-mic CVC back channel support
By default the standard FastStream decoder is used when the FastStream codec is negotiated, this decoder can be
replaced at runtime with a low latency version with CVC back channel support for gaming applications by enabling
either of the following configuration options:
1. Use 1-mic Back Channel
2. Use 2-mic Back Channel
The low latency DSP applications support FastStream or aptX Low latency codec types and provide 1 or 2-mic CVC
back channel functionality.

7.2. Silence Detection

The Headset or Soundbar music DSP applications support silence detection, this can be configured in the Audio
Routing tab of the Sink Configuration Tool and can be used to power down an external amplifier to save power etc.

7.3. S/PDIF Configuration

The S/PDIF functionality can be configured to support PCM or PCM with AC3 support, the AC3 functionality is not
shipped with the ADK by default and must be obtained directly from CSR.

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8. Volume Control
Both the Headset and Soundbar support three types of volume control:
1. DAC Volume Control
2. Digital Volume Control
3. Hybrid Volume Control
The Sink Configuration Tool is used to configure the three different types of volume control using the Volume
Configuration tab.

8.1. DAC Volume Control

This legacy mode of volume control is available to both CVC voice and Music applications. The on-chip DACs are
used to control the level of the audio output signals, these have a range of 16 steps giving a minimum volume level

BlueCore ADK Audio Sink Application User Guide

of -45 dB up to a maximum volume level of 0 dB. The step volume levels are set in the Sink Configuration Tool.

8.2. Digital Volume Control

This mode of volume control is only available to DSP music applications, CVC voice applications continue to use
DAC volume control.
The digital volume control works by setting the chip DAC to a fixed level and applying digital attenuation to the audio
signal within the DSP itself.
This method of volume control is able to provide a much higher granularity of the volume changes as well as
increased range and an overall lower output level than that achieved using DAC control only.
The digital attenuation gives a usable range of 0 dB max down to -80 dB minimum output level.
The Sink Configuration tool can be used to configure the digital volume control other settings:
 Volume Control Type:
 Set to digital
 Number of Steps from Min to Max:
 Default of 32 but may be configured to any number of steps
 DAC Gain:
 The DAC gain is fixed when using digital control, a value of 15 gives 0 dB output level
 Left Channel Trim:
 Default of 0 but a trim can be applied to the left channel only in dB units
 Right Channel Trim:
 Default of 0 but a trim can be applied to the right channel only in dB units
 Volume steps for Knee value 1 and 2:
 The volume level increase/decrease curve can be adjusted to have a non-linear relationship
using two knee values, the volume level in dB is calculated as a linear function between the
min/max knee 1 and knee2 points.
 Volume level for knee value 1 and 2:
 Specifies the dB audio output levels for the knee points of the steps versus audio output level
curve.
 Maximum and Minimum Gain in dB:
 These values set the actual dB audio output level at Max and Min volume steps.
Note:
USB and AVRCP volume levels are scaled appropriately to give the same overall range as that configured but
depending upon the volume range and number of steps chosen there may be some rounding errors with the
USB or AVRCP volume level changes, keeping to a multiple of the AVRCP volume levels minimises these
errors, i.e. CSR recommends using 128, 64, 32 or 16 steps.

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8.3. Hybrid Volume Control
To give the best signal to noise ratio volume control it is necessary to use the Hybrid Volume Control mechanism,
this is a combination of DAC and DSP volume control.
The configuration is the same as for the digital volume control with the exception of setting the volume control type to
hybrid.

Hybrid volume control works by using the DAC control to give steps of 3 dB in combination with the digital DSP
control to give increased resolution of 0 to 3 dB.
As with the digital volume control the resolution can be whatever is required for the product but attention should be
paid to the step size to smooth operation with USB and AVRCP volume level changes.

BlueCore ADK Audio Sink Application User Guide

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9. Input Manager
9.1. Feature Overview
The Input Manager for the Soundbar application is responsible for managing events received from all Input Monitor
Tasks. There are two parts to the Input Monitor:
1. Bluetooth Smart Input Monitor
2. Infra-red Input Monitor
The Input Manager decides which input events are used to generate user events that the Soundbar application then
processes.it gives a clear layered structure to managing input events of various types.
Figure 8.1 shows a block diagram outlining the design for the Input Manager:

BlueCore ADK Audio Sink Application User Guide

Figure 8.1: Design Structure of the Input Manager

9.2. Input Events

The Input Manager task generates user events based on input events, these input events can be considered as
virtual buttons, the supported list of input events is:
 InputEventDown:
 The input(s) have been pressed down.
 InputEventVShortRelease:
 The input(s) have been released before the short timer fires.
 InputEventShortTimer:
 The short timer fires whilst the input(s) are still pressed down.
 InputEventShortRelease:
 The input(s) have been released after the short timer has fired, but before the long timer has
fired.
 InputEventLongTimer:
 The long timer fires while the input(s) are still pressed down.

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  InputEventLongRelease:
 The input(s) have been released after the long timer has fired, but before the very long timer
has fired.
 InputEventVLongTimer:
 The very long timer fires while the input(s) are still pressed down.
 InputEventVLongRelease
 The input(s) have been released after the very long timer has fired, but before the very very
long timer has fired.
 InputEventVVLongTimer:
 The very very long timer fires while the input(s) are still pressed down.
 InputEventVVLongRelease:
 The input(s) have been released after the very very long timer has fired.
 InputEventRepeatTimer:

BlueCore ADK Audio Sink Application User Guide

 The repeat timer has fired while the input is still pressed down.
Note:
The repeat timer continues to fire every configured (ms) duration until the input(s) are
released.

9.3. Timers
The Input Manager is the only place where timers used by input monitors are configured, each input monitor must
inherit the configured timers from the input manager so all inputs are based on the same user interaction.
For ADK 3.5, the buttons are not controlled by the Input Manager; they are managed by the Button Manager.

9.4. To Configure the Input Manager

The Input Manager uses a lookup table to convert input events to user events, this lookup table is configured using
PS Keys, see the ADK Sink Application Configuration User Guide for further details on all configuration options for
this feature.

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10. Bluetooth Smart Input Monitor
10.1. HID Over GATT Profile
10.2. Overview
The HID Over GATT Profile (HOGP) defines the procedures and features to be used by Bluetooth Smart HID
Devices using GATT and Bluetooth HID Hosts using GATT.
This profile is an adaptation of the USB HID specification to operate over a Bluetooth low energy wireless link. This
profile only operates over an Low Energy transport.

10.3. Profile Dependencies

This profile requires the:

BlueCore ADK Audio Sink Application User Guide

 Generic Attribute Profile (GATT)
 Battery Service
 Device Information Service
 Scan Parameters Profile

10.4. Roles
The profile defines three roles:
1. HID Device: The HID Device shall be a GATT server.
2. Boot Host: The Boot Host shall be a GATT client.
3. Report Host: The Report Host shall be a GATT client.

HID Host refers to both roles: Boot Host and Report Host.
 A Report Host: Required to support a HID Parser and be able to handle arbitrary formats for data
transfers (known as Reports).
 A Boot Host: Not required to support a HID Parser as all data transfers (Reports) for Boot Protocol
Mode are of predefined length and format.

10.4.1. Concurrent Role Limitations and Restrictions

A Boot Host shall not concurrently be a Report Host.
A Report Host shall not concurrently be a Boot Host.
There are no concurrency limitations on either HID Host roles from also being a HID Device.

10.4.2. Limitations and Restrictions

The HID Device shall use the GAP Peripheral role.
The Boot Host shall use the GAP Central role.
The Report Host shall use the GAP Central role.

10.4.3. Multiple Service Instances

Multiple service instances shall not be supported for the following services:
 Device Information Service
 Scan Parameters Service
Multiple service instances of the HID Service may be supported to allow implementers to define composite HID
Devices whose combined functions require more than 512 octets of data to describe.
 Multiple service instances of the Battery Service may be supported.

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  Multiple service instances of the following may be supported, but are not considered a part of this
profile:
 Any Service other than HID Service, Device Information Service, or Scan Parameters Service.

10.5. Feature Overview

The Bluetooth Smart HOGP feature within the CSR Soundbar application has been implemented such that the
device adopts the Report Host Role as defined by the HOGP specification.
The feature runs as a standalone task that has been named BLE Input Monitor, it manages connections with HID
Devices acting as remote controllers that are able of sending HID commands to the Soundbar device.

10.6. Bluetooth Smart Input Monitor Events

The BLE Input Monitor feature relies on a set of user events (that can be configured using the Sink Configuration

BlueCore ADK Audio Sink Application User Guide

tool) to control the task and its mode of operation. This section describes user and system events that are used by
the BLE Input Manager.

10.7. User Events

The following list describes each of the user events that are supported by the BLE Input Monitor:
 EventUsrBleEnablePairingMode:
 Used to enable BLE Pairing Mode.
 EventUsrBleDisablePairingMode:
 Used to disable BLE Pairing Mode.
 EventUsrBleEnablePtsTestMode:
 Used to enable BLE PTS Test Mode.
 EventUsrBleDisablePtsTestMode:
 Used to disable BLE PTS Test Mode.
 EventUsrBleConnectStoredRemote:
 Used to initiate a connection request to the stored remote.
 EventUsrBleDisconnectStoredRemote:
 Used to initiate a disconnection request to the stored remote.
 EventUsrBlePtsModeNext:
 Used to progress to the next stage when running in PTS Test Mode.
 EventUsrBleChangeWriteModePriority:
 Used to change the write mode priority.
 EventUsrBleEnterSuspendMode:
 Used to put all connected remote controllers into suspend mode.
 EventUsrBleExitSuspendMode:
 Used to take all connected remote controllers out of suspend mode.
 EventUsrBleEnableNotifications:
 Used to enable notifications for all connected remote controllers.
 EventUsrBleDisableNotifications:
 Used to disable notifications for all connected remote controllers.

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10.8. System Events
The following list describes each of the system events that are supported by the BLE Input Monitor:
 EventSysBleRemotePairingTimeout:
 This event is used to indicate when the Bluetooth Smart Pairing Timeout timer fires.
 EventSysBleRemotePairingSuccess:
 This event is used to indicate when a Bluetooth Smart HID Device has successfully paired
with the Soundbar device.
 EventSysBleRemotePairingFailed
 This event is used to indicate when a Bluetooth Smart HID Device has unsuccessfully paired
with the Soundbar device.
 EventSysBleRemoteConnected
 This event is used to indicate when a Bluetooth Smart HID Device has connected with the

BlueCore ADK Audio Sink Application User Guide

Soundbar device

10.9. Pairing and Connection Management

The Soundbar application manages Bluetooth Smart connections with HID Devices allowing them to transfer HID
commands to the soundbar device, this section describes how the Soundbar application managers these
connections.

10.9.1. Supporting Multiple HID Devices

The BLE Input Monitor is capable of managing multiple concurrent connections with HID Devices; the number of
concurrent connections is limited depending on the configuration setup. This section will discuss multiple concurrent
connections in more detail.
To configure the maximum number of supported concurrent connections, see ADK Sink Configuration User Guide.

10.9.2. Pairing with a HID Device

The Bluetooth Smart Input Monitor uses a pairing mode for pairing with new HID Devices; this pairing mode is
controlled by both user events and a pairing mode timeout.

10.9.2.1. Enabling Bluetooth Smart Pairing Mode

The user event EventUsrBleEnablePairingMode is used to enable the Bluetooth Smart Pairing Mode, when the
pairing mode has been enabled, any nearby (and unpaired) HID Device that is advertising is paired and connected.
Advertisements from unpaired HID Devices are ignored at all other times.
Pairing success with a particular HID Device cannot be guaranteed if there are multiple unpaired HID Devices
advertising at the time Bluetooth Smart Pairing Mode is enabled. It is based on a first come first serve basis, where
the first advertisement from an unpaired device is the device that is paired and connected to(if possible).
When a nearby HID Device has been successfully paired, Bluetooth Smart Pairing Mode is automatically disabled.
Pairing mode is not enabled if the maximum number of concurrent connected devices is already equal to the
maximum supported.

10.9.2.2. Explicitly Disabling Bluetooth Smart Pairing Mode

The user event EventUsrBleDisablePairingMode is used to disable the Bluetooth Smart Pairing Mode, if required the
user can generate this event to disable the Bluetooth Smart E Pairing Mode at any point while Bluetooth Smart
Pairing Mode is enabled.

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10.9.2.3. Connections with Paired Devices While Bluetooth Smart Pairing Mode is Enabled
While the Bluetooth Smart Pairing Mode is enabled, paired HID Devices are still able to connect with the Soundbar.
If a paired device connects while Pairing Mode is active, the pairing mode is only automatically disabled if the
number of connections is equal to the maximum supported, see the ADK Sink Configuration User Guide for further
details on configuring this option.

10.9.3. To Establish Connections with Paired HID Devices

10.9.3.1. Connection Establishment Procedure

The Soundbar device must have enabled Bluetooth Smart scans to read advertisements being broadcast from
nearby HID Devices, the Soundbar enables and disables Bluetooth Smart Scans automatically. While the number of
connections to HID Devices is less than the maximum configured, Bluetooth Smart Scans are enabled to allow other
paired HID Devices to connect.

BlueCore ADK Audio Sink Application User Guide

HID Devices must be paired before they can be connected; paired HID Devices are able to connect and disconnect
as they like while they are still paired with the Soundbar device. A nearby HID Device can send out Bluetooth Smart
advertisements that are picked by the Soundbar device; when an advertisement is picked up the Soundbar checks
whether the advertisement is coming from a paired device, if it is, it sends a connection request to the HID Device.
The BD/EDR state for the Soundbar is irrelevant to the Bluetooth Smart Input Monitor when managing connections
with HID Devices, they may connect and disconnect whenever they require.
Any paired HID Device can freely connect with the Soundbar while the number of c connected HID Devices is less
than the maximum number allowed. When the maximum number of concurrently connected HID Devices reaches
the maximum allowed, the Soundbar device ignores advertisements from all other paired devices.

10.9.3.2. To Connect the Stored Device

The Soundbar allows the Bluetooth address of a HID Device to be stored with the configuration data. The Soundbar
can issue a connection request to this HID Device whenever the user requires by use of the
EventUsrBleConnectStoredRemote user event. If the HID Device is not available for connection, the connection
timesout and the device is not connected.

10.10. Setting up the HID Device

When the Soundbar has connected with a HID Device, even though the connection has been setup and the devices
are connected, the devices are not ready to communicate. This section describes the processes to setup the HID
Device so it is ready to communicate with the Soundbar.

10.10.1. Service Discovery

The Soundbar must discover the services that are supported by the HID Device. Since the HID Device can update
its GATT Database at any time while it is not connected; it is not safe for the Soundbar to store the GATT service
handles between connections. Therefore, after each reconnection, the Soundbar must always discover which
services are supported by the HID Device.

10.10.2. Included Services

When all services of the HID Device have been discovered, the Soundbar must then find any included services that
the HID Device has setup.

10.10.3. Characteristic Discovery

When all the #includes (if any) have been discovered, the Soundbar must discover all the characteristics for each
service and store the GATT handles.

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10.10.4. Descriptor Discovery
When all the characteristics for each service have been discovered, the Soundbar must discover all descriptors for
each characteristic that the HID Device has setup.
The Descriptors are used to describe each characteristic. Ssome characteristics may have multiple descriptors to
describe what features are or are not supported.

10.10.5. Processing the Characteristics

When all the descriptors have been discovered, the Soundbar has a clear picture of the GATT Data Base that has
been setup for the HID Device. At this stage, the Soundbar knows what characteristics are supported, but does not
know enough information about each one to make decisions on how they can be used.
Each characteristic must have a characteristic declaration descriptor that declares the characteristic, part of this
descriptor includes the properties of the characteristic and reading the properties lets the Soundbar know a list of

BlueCore ADK Audio Sink Application User Guide

operations it can perform on the characteristic, so the first stage is to find each characteristic declaration descriptor,
read the descriptor and store the properties for each discovered characteristic.
When the properties for each characteristic have been read and stored, the Soundbar finds Report characteristics
defined by the HID Device. Report characteristics are used to transfer data from the HID Device to the Soundbar. In
most cases they are used to notify when buttons are pressed on the HID Device. The Soundbar is only interested in
Input Reports so must discover which input reports exist on the HID Device and enable notifications for each one
that supports notifications.
Enabling notifications allows the HID Device to know that the Soundbar wants to be notified of important events for
that characteristic.
When all notifications have been setup, the Soundbar needs to discover whether or not the HID device supports
Suspend Mode, which is used to inform the HID Device when the Soundbar enters/exits a low power mode. The
Soundbar searches for all HID Control Point characteristics defined on the HID device and stores a list of the ones
that support Suspend Mode.
When this is complete, the HID Device is considered fully connected. It is at this point that the system event
EventSysBleRemoteConnected is used to indicate that an RC has connected and is ready for use.

10.10.6. Enabling and Disabling Notifications Manually

If required, the Soundbar application allows the user to enable or disable notifications from all connected HID
Devices. While notifications are disabled, the HID Device never sends notifications signalling that an event has
occurred on the HID Device. This is not something is used often, but could be used to enable/disable the feature
without having to disconnect all connected remote controllers.
Note:
This feature exists to pass PTS tests for the HID Over GATT Profile.

10.10.7. Enabling & Disabling Suspend Mode Manually

If required, the Soundbar application allows the user to enable or disable Suspend Mode for all connected HID
Devices.
Note:
This feature exists to pass PTS tests for the HID Over GATT Profile.

10.11. Using the Bluetooth Smart Input Monitor

When a HID Device has connected with the Soundbar application, the Bluetooth Smart Input Monitor is responsible
for managing this HOGP connection. Incoming report notifications from the HID Device that contain HID code(s) are
converted to Input IDs (based on the configured lookup table), the Bluetooth Smart Input Monitor task then sends
messages to the Input Manager task to indicate when a button on the HID Device has been pressed. If a HID code is
received that does not exist within the configured lookup table, the Bluetooth Smart Input Monitor ignores the event.

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While the button is pressed and held, the Bluetooth Smart Input Monitor task continues to send input event
messages to the input monitor (depending on the timer configuration), informing the input manager of the duration of
the button press, when the button is released, the Bluetooth Smart Input Monitor sends an event to the input
manager to inform the button has been released.
It is the responsibility of the input manager to listen to these input events from the Bluetooth Smart Input Monitor and
generate user events the Soundbar application can process.

10.12. Bluetooth Smart Input Monitor Configuration

See the ADK Sink Configuration User Guide for a complete guide on configuration for the Bluetooth Smart Input
Monitor.

BlueCore ADK Audio Sink Application User Guide

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11. Infra-red Input Monitor
11.1. Feature Overview
The Infra-Red Input Monitor for the Soundbar application is responsible for managing events received from Infra-red
remote controllers. Infra-red events are converted to input events and sent to the Input Manager so they can be
processed. This section describes how to use the Infra-red Input Monitor task.
Note:
The Infra-red Input Monitor does not support Multiple Infra-red buttons being pressed.

11.2. Infra-red User Events

The Infra-red Input Monitor can be controlled through user events. The list of user events used to configure and

BlueCore ADK Audio Sink Application User Guide

setup the Infra-red input monitor are:
 EventUsrStartIRLearningMode:
 Event to enable Infra-red learning mode.
 EventUsrStopIRLearningMode:
 Event to disable Infra-red learning mode.
 EventUsrClearIRCodes:
 Event to clear all Infra-red codes learnt by the Soundbar.

11.3. Infra-red System Events

The Infra-red Input Monitor has a set of system events that are used to notify of events that have occurred, the list of
events is:
 EventSysIRCodeLearnSuccess:
 Inform that a new Infra-red event has been learnt.
 EventSysIRCodeLearnFail:
 Indicates that a new Infra-red event failed to be learnt.
 EventSysIRLearningModeTimeout:
 Indicates that the Infra-red Learning mode has timed out and is now disabled.
 EventSysIRLearningModeReminder:
 Repeat reminder to indicate that Learning mode is still active.

11.4. Supported Infra-red Consumer Protocols

ADK3.5 supports two Infra-Red protocols:
1. NEC
2. RC5
However, ADK3.5 cannot support both protocols simultaneously, i.e. cannot communicate with both an NEC and an
RC5 remote simultaneously.

11.5. Infra-red Transmissions

Infra-red remote controllers transmit Infra-red data that is received by the Soundbar, these transmissions have two
bits of information that identify the event being transmitted:
1. Address
2. IR Code
The address is an 8-bit data type that contains the remote controller’s address.
The IR Code is an 8 bit-data type that contains the IR Code the controller is transmitting.

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When the Soundbar application is notified of an Infra-red transmission, the address and code must match an entry in
either the default configuration lookup table or a special lookup table containing learnt Infra-red codes.

11.6. Infra-red Learning Mode

The Infra-red Learning mode is a feature whereby new Infra-red codes can be learnt by the Soundbar application.
When a new code has been learnt, it is added to a lookup table so that when the learnt code is received, the
associated user event can be generated.
To learn a new code Learning mode must be enabled, using the EventUsrStartIRLearningMode event.
The process of learning a new code is with Learning mode enabled, a pre-configured (or pre-learnt) code from a
remote controller is pressed, then the unknown button (the button to learn) is pressed on the second remote
controller.
Note:

BlueCore ADK Audio Sink Application User Guide

Events can be learnt from any connected input whose input is monitored by an Input Monitor task that sends
input events to the Input Manager.
Infra-red learning mode can be explicitly disabled at any time by generating the EventUsrStopIRLearningMode user
event.

11.7. Configuring the Infra-red Input Monitor

See the ADK Sink Configuration User Guide for a complete guide on configuration for the Infra-red Input Monitor
feature.

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12. Audio Sink Application States
The Audio Sink application defines the application states in the source file sink_states.h. Each Bluetooth profile
has its own state machine. Table 12.1 describes the main states used by the application.

State Description

deviceLimbo The Audio Sink application is logically off but physically on – limbo.

deviceConnectable The Audio Sink application is connectable - page scanning

deviceConnDiscoverable The Audio Sink application is connectable and discoverable - page and
inquiry scanning.

BlueCore ADK Audio Sink Application User Guide

deviceConnected The Audio Sink application is connected to an AG.

deviceOutgoingCallEstablish The connected AG has an outgoing call in progress.

deviceIncomingCallEstablish The connected AG has an incoming call in progress.

deviceActiveCallSCO The connected AG has an active call in progress and the audio is in the
Audio Sink application.

deviceTestMode The Audio Sink application is in test mode.

deviceThreeWayCallWaiting The connected AG has an active call and a second incoming call.

deviceThreeWayCallOnHold The connected AG has an active call and a second call on hold.

deviceThreeWayMulticall The connected AG has more than one active call.

deviceIncomingCallOnHold The connected AG has an incoming call on hold.

deviceActiveCallNoSCO The connected AG has an active call and the audio is in the handset.

deviceA2DPStreaming The Audio Sink application is streaming A2DP audio.

deviceLowBattery Low battery state, does not actually change to this state but will be used
for independent low battery LED warning.

Table 12.1: Audio Sink Application States

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Document References
Document Reference

ADK Subwoofer User Guide CS-237475-UG

ADK Sink Application Configuration User Guide CS-306726-UG

ADK Peer Device Support User Guide CS-316086-UG

2
ADK 3.5 I S Configuration User Guide CS-301278-UG

Terms and Definitions

BlueCore ADK Audio Sink Application User Guide

A2DP Advanced Audio Distribution Profile

AAC Advanced Audio Coding

ADC Analogue-to-Digital Converter

ADK Audio or Application Development Kit

AG Audio Gateway

AVRCP Audio/Video Remote Control Profile

BLE Bluetooth low energy, now Bluetooth Smart

BlueCore® Group term for CSR’s range of Bluetooth wireless technology chips

Bluetooth® Set of technologies providing audio and data transfer over short-range radio connections

Bluetooth Smart Previously BLE

CSR Cambridge Silicon Radio

DIP Device ID Profile

DSP Digital Signal Processor

e.g. exempli gratia, for example

GAIA Generic Application Interface Architecture

HFP Handsfree Profile

i.e. Id est, that is

IC Integrated Circuit

ID Identifier

LED Light Emitting Diode

MAP Message Access Profile

PBAP Phone Book Access Profile

PC Personal Computer

PDL Paired Device List

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PIO Programmable Input/Output

PS Key Persistent Store Key

RSSI Received Signal Strength Indication

SBC Sub-band Coding

SCO Synchronous Connection-Oriented

SIG (Bluetooth) Special Interest Group

SPI Serial Peripheral Interface

USB Universal Serial Bus

BlueCore ADK Audio Sink Application User Guide

xIDE CSR’s Integrated Development Environment

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