SKU1013 Basic Chemistry I Semester II 2017/2018

TUTORIAL 1
MEASUREMENTS IN CHEMISTRY AND CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER

Name: ………………………………………………………… Matric no: ……………………………

Q 1.5
Define physical change and chemical change. State which type of change occurs in each of the
following statements:
(a) Passing an electric current through molten magnesium chloride yields molten magnesium and
gaseous chlorine.
(b) The iron un discarded automobiles slowly forms reddish brown, crumbly rust.

Solution:
Physical change – A change in which the physical form (or state) of a substance, but not its
composition, is altered.
Chemical change – A change in which a substance is converted into a different substance with
different composition and properties.
a) The changes in the physical form are physical changes. The physical changes indicate that there
is also a chemical change. Magnesium chloride has been converted to magnesium and chlorine.
b) The changes in color and form are physical changes. The physical changes indicate that there is
also a chemical change. Iron has been converted to a different substance, rust.

Q1.7
Which of the following changes can be reversed by changing the temperature:
(a) Dew condensing on a leaf
(b) An egg turning hard when it is boiled
(c) Ice cream melting
(d) A spoonful of batter cooking on a hot griddle

Solution:
a) and c) can be reversed with temperature; the dew can evaporate and the ice cream can be
refrozen.
b) and d) involve chemical changes and cannot be reversed by changing the temperature since a
chemical change has taken place.

Q 1.31
The area of a telescope lens is 7903 mm2.
(a) What is the area in square feet (ft2)?
(b) If it takes a technician 45 s to polish 135 mm2, how long does it take her to polish the entire lens?
SKU1013 Basic Chemistry I Semester II 2017/2018

Q 1.41
A steel ball-bearing with a circumference of 32.5 mm weights 4.20 g. What is the density of the steel in
g/cm3 (Vof a sphere = 4/3 πr3; circumference of a circle = 2πr)?

Q 1.43
Perfor the following conversion:
(a) 106°F (the body temperature of many birds) to K and °C
(b) 3410°C (the melting point of tungsten, the highest for any metallic element) to K and °F
(c) 6.1 x 103 K (the surface temperature of the sun) to °F and °C

Q 1.55
Round off each number to the indicated number of significant figures (sf):
(a) 231.554 (to 4 sf)
(b) 0.00845 (to 2 sf)
(c) 144,000 (to 2 sf)

Q 1.59
SKU1013 Basic Chemistry I Semester II 2017/2018

Carry out the following calculations, making sure that your answer has the correct number of
significant figures:
(a)
(b)
(c) V= πr2h, where r = 6.23 cm and h = 4.630 cm

Q 1.67
Carry out each calculation, paying special attention to significant figures, rounding and units:
(a) ( )
( )( )
( )( )
(b) ( )
( ) ( )
(c)
( )( )

Q1.73
SKU1013 Basic Chemistry I Semester II 2017/2018

The following dashboards illustrate the types of errors often seen in measurements. The bull’s-eye
represents the actual value, and the darts represent the data.

(a) Which experiments yield the same average results?

(b) Which experiment(s) display(s) high precision?
(c) Which experiment(s) display(s) high accuracy?
(d) Which experiment(s) show(s) a systematic error?

Q 1.77
An Olympic-size pool is 50.0 m long and 25.0 m wide.
(a) How many gallons of water 9d= 1.0 g/mL) are needed to fill the pool to ab average depth of 4.8
ft?
(b) What is the mass (in kg) of water in the pool?

Q 2.3
Which of the following are pure substances? Explain.
(a) Calcium chloride, used to melt ice on the road, consists of two elements, calcium and chlorine,
in a fixed mass ratio?
(b) Sulphur consists of sulphur atoms combined into octatomic molecules.
(c) Baking powder, a leavening agent, contains 26% to 30% sodium hydrogen carbonate and 30%
to 35% calcium dihydrogen phosphate by mass.
SKU1013 Basic Chemistry I Semester II 2017/2018

Q 2.116
Classify each of the following as a compounds, a homogenous mixture or a heterogenous mixture:
(a) Orange juice
(b) Vegetable soup
(c) Cement
(d) Calcium sulphate
(e) Tea